[To dev/1.3] Load: Harden LOAD TSFILE source path validation (#17624)

[Caideyipi]

Description

As the title said.

---

This PR has:

• been self-reviewed.
  • concurrent read
  • concurrent write
  • concurrent read and write
• added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.
• added Javadocs for most classes and all non-trivial methods.
• added or updated version, license, or notice information
• added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code wherever would not be obvious
  for an unfamiliar reader.
• added unit tests or modified existing tests to cover new code paths, ensuring the threshold
  for code coverage.
• added integration tests.
• been tested in a test IoTDB cluster.

---

Key changed/added classes (or packages if there are too many classes) in this PR

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
2 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 71.15385% with 30 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 42.03%. Comparing base (f3b83aa) to head (83def90).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on dev/1.3.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ngine/plan/statement/crud/LoadTsFileStatement.java	58.06%	13 Missing ⚠️
...ain/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/conf/IoTDBConfig.java	75.55%	11 Missing ⚠️
...rageengine/load/active/ActiveLoadTsFileLoader.java	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
.../receiver/protocol/legacy/loader/TsFileLoader.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...eceiver/protocol/thrift/IoTDBDataNodeReceiver.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...ryengine/plan/analyze/load/LoadTsFileAnalyzer.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...ngine/plan/scheduler/load/LoadTsFileScheduler.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff              @@
##             dev/1.3   #17654      +/-   ##
=============================================
+ Coverage      42.00%   42.03%   +0.02%     
  Complexity       241      241              
=============================================
  Files           3612     3612              
  Lines         238389   238488      +99     
  Branches       28966    28974       +8     
=============================================
+ Hits          100145   100237      +92     
- Misses        138244   138251       +7     

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