HTML API: Add normalize() to give us the HTML we always wanted.

HTML often appears in ways that are unexpected. It may be missing implicit tags, may have unquoted, single-quoted, or double-quoted attributes, may contain duplicate attributes, may contain unescaped text content, or any number of other possible invalid constructions. The HTML API understands all fo these inputs, but downline parsers may not, and HTML snippets which are safe on their own may introduce problems when joined with other HTML snippets.

This patch introduces the `serialize()` method on the HTML Processor, which prints a fully-normative HTML output, eliminating invalid markup along the way. It produces a string which contains every missing tag, double-quoted attributes, and no duplicates. A `normalize()` static method on the HTML Processor provides a convenient wrapper for constructing a fragment parser and immediately serializing.

Subclasses relying on the `serialize_token()` method may perform structural HTML modifications with as much security as the upcoming `\Dom\HTMLDocument()` parser will, though these are not
able to provide the full safety that will eventually appear with `set_inner_html()`.

Further work may explore serializing to XML (which involves a number of other important transformations) and adding constraints to serialization (such as only allowing inline/flow/formatting elements and text).

Developed in WordPress#7331
Discussed in https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/62036

Props dmsnell, jonsurrell, westonruter.
Fixes #62036.


git-svn-id: https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@59076 602fd350-edb4-49c9-b593-d223f7449a82

Author: dmsnell

src/wp-includes/html-api/class-wp-html-processor.php

@@ -1029,6 +1029,216 @@ public function get_current_depth(): int {
 		return count( $this->breadcrumbs );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Normalizes an HTML fragment by serializing it.
+	 *
+	 * This method assumes that the given HTML snippet is found in BODY context.
+	 * For normalizing full documents or fragments found in other contexts, create
+	 * a new processor using {@see WP_HTML_Processor::create_fragment} or
+	 * {@see WP_HTML_Processor::create_full_parser} and call {@see WP_HTML_Processor::serialize}
+	 * on the created instances.
+	 *
+	 * Many aspects of an input HTML fragment may be changed during normalization.
+	 *
+	 *  - Attribute values will be double-quoted.
+	 *  - Duplicate attributes will be removed.
+	 *  - Omitted tags will be added.
+	 *  - Tag and attribute name casing will be lower-cased,
+	 *    except for specific SVG and MathML tags or attributes.
+	 *  - Text will be re-encoded, null bytes handled,
+	 *    and invalid UTF-8 replaced with U+FFFD.
+	 *  - Any incomplete syntax trailing at the end will be omitted,
+	 *    for example, an unclosed comment opener will be removed.
+	 *
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 *     echo WP_HTML_Processor::normalize( '<a href=#anchor v=5 href="/" enabled>One</a another v=5><!--' );
+	 *     // <a href="#anchor" v="5" enabled>One</a>
+	 *
+	 *     echo WP_HTML_Processor::normalize( '<div></p>fun<table><td>cell</div>' );
+	 *     // <div><p></p>fun<table><tbody><tr><td>cell</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+	 *
+	 *     echo WP_HTML_Processor::normalize( '<![CDATA[invalid comment]]> syntax < <> "oddities"' );
+	 *     // <!--[CDATA[invalid comment]]--> syntax &lt; &lt;&gt; &quot;oddities&quot;
+	 *
+	 * @since 6.7.0
+	 *
+	 * @param string $html Input HTML to normalize.
+	 *
+	 * @return string|null Normalized output, or `null` if unable to normalize.
+	 */
+	public static function normalize( string $html ): ?string {
+		return static::create_fragment( $html )->serialize();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns normalized HTML for a fragment by serializing it.
+	 *
+	 * This differs from {@see WP_HTML_Processor::normalize} in that it starts with
+	 * a specific HTML Processor, which _must_ not have already started scanning;
+	 * it must be in the initial ready state and will be in the completed state once
+	 * serialization is complete.
+	 *
+	 * Many aspects of an input HTML fragment may be changed during normalization.
+	 *
+	 *  - Attribute values will be double-quoted.
+	 *  - Duplicate attributes will be removed.
+	 *  - Omitted tags will be added.
+	 *  - Tag and attribute name casing will be lower-cased,
+	 *    except for specific SVG and MathML tags or attributes.
+	 *  - Text will be re-encoded, null bytes handled,
+	 *    and invalid UTF-8 replaced with U+FFFD.
+	 *  - Any incomplete syntax trailing at the end will be omitted,
+	 *    for example, an unclosed comment opener will be removed.
+	 *
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 *     $processor = WP_HTML_Processor::create_fragment( '<a href=#anchor v=5 href="/" enabled>One</a another v=5><!--' );
+	 *     echo $processor->serialize();
+	 *     // <a href="#anchor" v="5" enabled>One</a>
+	 *
+	 *     $processor = WP_HTML_Processor::create_fragment( '<div></p>fun<table><td>cell</div>' );
+	 *     echo $processor->serialize();
+	 *     // <div><p></p>fun<table><tbody><tr><td>cell</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+	 *
+	 *     $processor = WP_HTML_Processor::create_fragment( '<![CDATA[invalid comment]]> syntax < <> "oddities"' );
+	 *     echo $processor->serialize();
+	 *     // <!--[CDATA[invalid comment]]--> syntax &lt; &lt;&gt; &quot;oddities&quot;
+	 *
+	 * @since 6.7.0
+	 *
+	 * @return string|null Normalized HTML markup represented by processor,
+	 *                     or `null` if unable to generate serialization.
+	 */
+	public function serialize(): ?string {
+		if ( WP_HTML_Tag_Processor::STATE_READY !== $this->parser_state ) {
+			wp_trigger_error(
+				__METHOD__,
+				"An HTML Processor which has already started processing cannot serialize it's contents. Serialize immediately after creating the instance.",
+				E_USER_WARNING
+			);
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		$html = '';
+		while ( $this->next_token() ) {
+			$html .= $this->serialize_token();
+		}
+
+		if ( null !== $this->get_last_error() ) {
+			wp_trigger_error(
+				__METHOD__,
+				"Cannot serialize HTML Processor with parsing error: {$this->get_last_error()}.",
+				E_USER_WARNING
+			);
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		return $html;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Serializes the currently-matched token.
+	 *
+	 * This method produces a fully-normative HTML string for the currently-matched token,
+	 * if able. If not matched at any token or if the token doesn't correspond to any HTML
+	 * it will return an empty string (for example, presumptuous end tags are ignored).
+	 *
+	 * @see static::serialize()
+	 *
+	 * @since 6.7.0
+	 *
+	 * @return string Serialization of token, or empty string if no serialization exists.
+	 */
+	protected function serialize_token(): string {
+		$html       = '';
+		$token_type = $this->get_token_type();
+
+		switch ( $token_type ) {
+			case '#text':
+				$html .= htmlspecialchars( $this->get_modifiable_text(), ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE | ENT_HTML5, 'UTF-8' );
+				break;
+
+			// Unlike the `<>` which is interpreted as plaintext, this is ignored entirely.
+			case '#presumptuous-tag':
+				break;
+
+			case '#funky-comment':
+			case '#comment':
+				$html .= "<!--{$this->get_full_comment_text()}-->";
+				break;
+
+			case '#cdata-section':
+				$html .= "<![CDATA[{$this->get_modifiable_text()}]]>";
+				break;
+
+			case 'html':
+				$html .= '<!DOCTYPE html>';
+				break;
+		}
+
+		if ( '#tag' !== $token_type ) {
+			return $html;
+		}
+
+		$tag_name       = str_replace( "\x00", "\u{FFFD}", $this->get_tag() );
+		$in_html        = 'html' === $this->get_namespace();
+		$qualified_name = $in_html ? strtolower( $tag_name ) : $this->get_qualified_tag_name();
+
+		if ( $this->is_tag_closer() ) {
+			$html .= "</{$qualified_name}>";
+			return $html;
+		}
+
+		$attribute_names = $this->get_attribute_names_with_prefix( '' );
+		if ( ! isset( $attribute_names ) ) {
+			$html .= "<{$qualified_name}>";
+			return $html;
+		}
+
+		$html .= "<{$qualified_name}";
+		foreach ( $attribute_names as $attribute_name ) {
+			$html .= " {$this->get_qualified_attribute_name( $attribute_name )}";
+			$value = $this->get_attribute( $attribute_name );
+
+			if ( is_string( $value ) ) {
+				$html .= '="' . htmlspecialchars( $value, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE | ENT_HTML5 ) . '"';
+			}
+
+			$html = str_replace( "\x00", "\u{FFFD}", $html );
+		}
+
+		if ( ! $in_html && $this->has_self_closing_flag() ) {
+			$html .= ' /';
+		}
+
+		$html .= '>';
+
+		// Flush out self-contained elements.
+		if ( $in_html && in_array( $tag_name, array( 'IFRAME', 'NOEMBED', 'NOFRAMES', 'SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'TEXTAREA', 'TITLE', 'XMP' ), true ) ) {
+			$text = $this->get_modifiable_text();
+
+			switch ( $tag_name ) {
+				case 'IFRAME':
+				case 'NOEMBED':
+				case 'NOFRAMES':
+					$text = '';
+					break;
+
+				case 'SCRIPT':
+				case 'STYLE':
+					break;
+
+				default:
+					$text = htmlspecialchars( $text, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE | ENT_HTML5, 'UTF-8' );
+			}
+
+			$html .= "{$text}</{$qualified_name}>";
+		}
+
+		return $html;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Parses next element in the 'initial' insertion mode.
 	 *

src/wp-includes/html-api/class-wp-html-tag-processor.php

@@ -1984,6 +1984,9 @@ private function parse_next_tag(): bool {
 				 *                     [#x10000-#xEFFFF]
 				 * > NameChar      ::= NameStartChar | "-" | "." | [0-9] | #xB7 | [#x0300-#x036F] | [#x203F-#x2040]
 				 *
+				 * @todo Processing instruction nodes in SGML may contain any kind of markup. XML defines a
+				 *       special case with `<?xml ... ?>` syntax, but the `?` is part of the bogus comment.
+				 *
 				 * @see https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#NT-PITarget
 				 */
 				if ( $this->token_length >= 5 && '?' === $html[ $closer_at - 1 ] ) {