Update patch to Python 3.12.12 #306

Job	Run time
config	19s
build (macOS)	36s
build (tvOS)	8m 45s
build (iOS)	6m 42s
build (watchOS)	8m 14s
Briefcase testbed (macOS)	2m 9s
CPython testbed (iOS)	15m 13s
CPython testbed (tvOS)	2m 41s
Briefcase testbed (iOS)	5m 16s
Cross-platform env test (arm64-iphoneos)	20s
Cross-platform env test (arm64-iphonesimulator)	12s
Cross-platform env test (x86_64-iphonesimulator)	14s
	50m 41s

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