chore(deps): update dependency urllib3 to v2 [security]

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
urllib3 (changelog)	< 2.0.0 → <2.7.1

---

urllib3 redirects are not disabled when retries are disabled on PoolManager instantiation

CVE-2025-50181 / GHSA-pq67-6m6q-mj2v

More information

Details

urllib3 handles redirects and retries using the same mechanism, which is controlled by the Retry object. The most common way to disable redirects is at the request level, as follows:

resp = urllib3.request("GET", "https://httpbin.org/redirect/1", redirect=False)
print(resp.status)

##### 302

However, it is also possible to disable redirects, for all requests, by instantiating a PoolManager and specifying retries in a way that disable redirects:

import urllib3

http = urllib3.PoolManager(retries=0)  # should raise MaxRetryError on redirect
http = urllib3.PoolManager(retries=urllib3.Retry(redirect=0))  # equivalent to the above
http = urllib3.PoolManager(retries=False)  # should return the first response

resp = http.request("GET", "https://httpbin.org/redirect/1")

However, the retries parameter is currently ignored, which means all the above examples don't disable redirects.

Affected usages

Passing retries on PoolManager instantiation to disable redirects or restrict their number.

By default, requests and botocore users are not affected.

Impact

Redirects are often used to exploit SSRF vulnerabilities. An application attempting to mitigate SSRF or open redirect vulnerabilities by disabling redirects at the PoolManager level will remain vulnerable.

Remediation

You can remediate this vulnerability with the following steps:

• Upgrade to a patched version of urllib3. If your organization would benefit from the continued support of urllib3 1.x, please contact sethmichaellarson@gmail.com to discuss sponsorship or contribution opportunities.
• Disable redirects at the request() level instead of the PoolManager() level.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 5.3 / 10 (Medium)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

References

• https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-pq67-6m6q-mj2v
• https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/f05b1329126d5be6de501f9d1e3e36738bc08857
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50181
• https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/releases/tag/2.5.0
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-pq67-6m6q-mj2v

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

Release Notes

urllib3/urllib3 (urllib3)

v2.7.0

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=======================

Security

Addressed high-severity security issues.
Impact was limited to specific use cases detailed in the accompanying
advisories; overall user exposure was estimated to be marginal.

• Decompression-bomb safeguards of the streaming API were bypassed:

  1. When HTTPResponse.drain_conn() was called after the response had been
     read and decompressed partially.
  2. During the second HTTPResponse.read(amt=N) or
     HTTPResponse.stream(amt=N) call when the response was decompressed
     using the official Brotli <https://pypi.org/project/brotli/>__ library.

  See GHSA-mf9v-mfxr-j63j <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-mf9v-mfxr-j63j>__
  for details.

• HTTP pools created using ProxyManager.connection_from_url did not strip
  sensitive headers specified in Retry.remove_headers_on_redirect when
  redirecting to a different host.
  (GHSA-qccp-gfcp-xxvc <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-qccp-gfcp-xxvc>__)

Deprecations and Removals

• Used FutureWarning instead of DeprecationWarning for better
  visibility of existing deprecation notices. Rescheduled the removal of
  deprecated features to version 3.0.
  (#&#8203;3763 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3763>__)
• Removed support for end-of-life Python 3.9.
  (#&#8203;3720 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3720>__)
• Removed support for end-of-life PyPy3.10.
  (#&#8203;4979 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4979>__)
• Bumped the minimum supported pyOpenSSL version to 19.0.0.
  (#&#8203;3777 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3777>__)

Bugfixes

• Fixed a bug where HTTPResponse.read(amt=None) was ignoring decompressed
  data buffered from previous partial reads.
  (#&#8203;3636 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3636>__)
• Fixed a bug where HTTPResponse.read() could cache only part of the
  response after a partial read when cache_content=True.
  (#&#8203;4967 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/4967>__)
• Fixed HTTPResponse.stream() and HTTPResponse.read_chunked() to handle
  amt=0.
  (#&#8203;3793 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3793>__)
• Updated _TYPE_BODY type alias to include missing Iterable[str],
  matching the documented and runtime behavior of chunked request bodies.
  (#&#8203;3798 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3798>__)
• Fixed LocationParseError when paths resembling schemeless URIs were
  passed to HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen().
  (#&#8203;3352 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3352>__)
• Fixed BaseHTTPResponse.readinto() type annotation to accept
  memoryview in addition to bytearray, matching the
  io.RawIOBase.readinto contract and enabling use with
  io.BufferedReader without type errors.
  (#&#8203;3764 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3764>__)

v2.6.3

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==================

• Fixed a high-severity security issue where decompression-bomb safeguards of
  the streaming API were bypassed when HTTP redirects were followed.
  (GHSA-38jv-5279-wg99 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-38jv-5279-wg99>__)
• Started treating Retry-After times greater than 6 hours as 6 hours by
  default. (#&#8203;3743 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3743>__)
• Fixed urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection on Emscripten.
  (#&#8203;3752 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3752>__)

v2.6.2

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==================

• Fixed HTTPResponse.read_chunked() to properly handle leftover data in
  the decoder's buffer when reading compressed chunked responses.
  (#&#8203;3734 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3734>__)

v2.6.1

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==================

• Restore previously removed HTTPResponse.getheaders() and
  HTTPResponse.getheader() methods.
  (#&#8203;3731 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3731>__)

v2.6.0

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==================

Security

• Fixed a security issue where streaming API could improperly handle highly
  compressed HTTP content ("decompression bombs") leading to excessive resource
  consumption even when a small amount of data was requested. Reading small
  chunks of compressed data is safer and much more efficient now.
  (GHSA-2xpw-w6gg-jr37 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-2xpw-w6gg-jr37>__)
• Fixed a security issue where an attacker could compose an HTTP response with
  virtually unlimited links in the Content-Encoding header, potentially
  leading to a denial of service (DoS) attack by exhausting system resources
  during decoding. The number of allowed chained encodings is now limited to 5.
  (GHSA-gm62-xv2j-4w53 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advisories/GHSA-gm62-xv2j-4w53>__)

.. caution::

• If urllib3 is not installed with the optional urllib3[brotli] extra, but
  your environment contains a Brotli/brotlicffi/brotlipy package anyway, make
  sure to upgrade it to at least Brotli 1.2.0 or brotlicffi 1.2.0.0 to
  benefit from the security fixes and avoid warnings. Prefer using
  urllib3[brotli] to install a compatible Brotli package automatically.

• If you use custom decompressors, please make sure to update them to
  respect the changed API of urllib3.response.ContentDecoder.

Features

• Enabled retrieval, deletion, and membership testing in HTTPHeaderDict using bytes keys. (#&#8203;3653 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3653>__)
• Added host and port information to string representations of HTTPConnection. (#&#8203;3666 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3666>__)
• Added support for Python 3.14 free-threading builds explicitly. (#&#8203;3696 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3696>__)

Removals

• Removed the HTTPResponse.getheaders() method in favor of HTTPResponse.headers.
  Removed the HTTPResponse.getheader(name, default) method in favor of HTTPResponse.headers.get(name, default). (#&#8203;3622 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3622>__)

Bugfixes

• Fixed redirect handling in urllib3.PoolManager when an integer is passed
  for the retries parameter. (#&#8203;3649 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3649>__)
• Fixed HTTPConnectionPool when used in Emscripten with no explicit port. (#&#8203;3664 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3664>__)
• Fixed handling of SSLKEYLOGFILE with expandable variables. (#&#8203;3700 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3700>__)

Misc

• Changed the zstd extra to install backports.zstd instead of zstandard on Python 3.13 and before. (#&#8203;3693 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3693>__)
• Improved the performance of content decoding by optimizing BytesQueueBuffer class. (#&#8203;3710 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3710>__)
• Allowed building the urllib3 package with newer setuptools-scm v9.x. (#&#8203;3652 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3652>__)
• Ensured successful urllib3 builds by setting Hatchling requirement to >= 1.27.0. (#&#8203;3638 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3638>__)

v2.5.0

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==================

Features

• Added support for the compression.zstd module that is new in Python 3.14.
  See PEP 784 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0784/>_ for more information. (#&#8203;3610 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3610>__)
• Added support for version 0.5 of hatch-vcs (#&#8203;3612 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3612>__)

Bugfixes

• Fixed a security issue where restricting the maximum number of followed
  redirects at the urllib3.PoolManager level via the retries parameter
  did not work.
• Made the Node.js runtime respect redirect parameters such as retries
  and redirects.
• Raised exception for HTTPResponse.shutdown on a connection already released to the pool. (#&#8203;3581 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3581>__)
• Fixed incorrect CONNECT statement when using an IPv6 proxy with connection_from_host. Previously would not be wrapped in []. (#&#8203;3615 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3615>__)

v2.4.0

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==================

Features

• Applied PEP 639 by specifying the license fields in pyproject.toml. (#&#8203;3522 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3522>__)
• Updated exceptions to save and restore more properties during the pickle/serialization process. (#&#8203;3567 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3567>__)
• Added verify_flags option to create_urllib3_context with a default of VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN and VERIFY_X509_STRICT for Python 3.13+. (#&#8203;3571 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3571>__)

Bugfixes

• Fixed a bug with partial reads of streaming data in Emscripten. (#&#8203;3555 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3555>__)

Misc

• Switched to uv for installing development dependecies. (#&#8203;3550 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3550>__)
• Removed the multiple.intoto.jsonl asset from GitHub releases. Attestation of release files since v2.3.0 can be found on PyPI. (#&#8203;3566 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3566>__)

v2.3.0

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==================

Features

• Applied PEP 639 by specifying the license fields in pyproject.toml. (#&#8203;3522 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3522>__)
• Updated exceptions to save and restore more properties during the pickle/serialization process. (#&#8203;3567 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3567>__)
• Added verify_flags option to create_urllib3_context with a default of VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN and VERIFY_X509_STRICT for Python 3.13+. (#&#8203;3571 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3571>__)

Bugfixes

• Fixed a bug with partial reads of streaming data in Emscripten. (#&#8203;3555 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3555>__)

Misc

• Switched to uv for installing development dependecies. (#&#8203;3550 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3550>__)
• Removed the multiple.intoto.jsonl asset from GitHub releases. Attestation of release files since v2.3.0 can be found on PyPI. (#&#8203;3566 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3566>__)

v2.2.3

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==================

Features

• Added support for Python 3.13. (#&#8203;3473 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3473>__)

Bugfixes

• Fixed the default encoding of chunked request bodies to be UTF-8 instead of ISO-8859-1.
  All other methods of supplying a request body already use UTF-8 starting in urllib3 v2.0. (#&#8203;3053 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3053>__)
• Fixed ResourceWarning on CONNECT with Python < 3.11.4 by backporting python/cpython#103472. (#&#8203;3252 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3252>__)
• Adjust tolerance for floating-point comparison on Windows to avoid flakiness in CI (#&#8203;3413 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3413>__)
• Fixed a crash where certain standard library hash functions were absent in restricted environments. (#&#8203;3432 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3432>__)
• Fixed mypy error when adding to HTTPConnection.default_socket_options. (#&#8203;3448 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3448>__)

HTTP/2 (experimental)

HTTP/2 support is still in early development.

• Excluded Transfer-Encoding: chunked from HTTP/2 request body (#&#8203;3425 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3425>__)

• Added version checking for h2 (https://pypi.org/project/h2/) usage.

  Now only accepting supported h2 major version 4.x.x. (#&#8203;3290 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3290>__)

• Added a probing mechanism for determining whether a given target origin
  supports HTTP/2 via ALPN. (#&#8203;3301 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3301>__)

• Add support for sending a request body with HTTP/2 (#&#8203;3302 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3302>__)

Deprecations and Removals

• Note for downstream distributors: the _version.py file has been removed and is now created at build time by hatch-vcs. (#&#8203;3412 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3412>__)
• Drop support for end-of-life PyPy3.8 and PyPy3.9. (#&#8203;3475 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3475>__)

v2.2.2

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==================

• Added the Proxy-Authorization header to the list of headers to strip from requests when redirecting to a different host. As before, different headers can be set via Retry.remove_headers_on_redirect.
• Allowed passing negative integers as amt to read methods of http.client.HTTPResponse as an alternative to None. (#&#8203;3122 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3122>__)
• Fixed return types representing copying actions to use typing.Self. (#&#8203;3363 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3363>__)

v2.2.1

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==================

• Fixed issue where InsecureRequestWarning was emitted for HTTPS connections when using Emscripten. (#&#8203;3331 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3331>__)
• Fixed HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen to stop automatically casting non-proxy headers to HTTPHeaderDict. This change was premature as it did not apply to proxy headers and HTTPHeaderDict does not handle byte header values correctly yet. (#&#8203;3343 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3343>__)
• Changed InvalidChunkLength to ProtocolError when response terminates before the chunk length is sent. (#&#8203;2860 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2860>__)
• Changed ProtocolError to be more verbose on incomplete reads with excess content. (#&#8203;3261 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3261>__)

v2.2.0

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==================

• Added support for Emscripten and Pyodide <https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/contrib/emscripten.html>, including streaming support in cross-origin isolated browser environments where threading is enabled. (#&#8203;2951 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2951>)
• Added support for HTTPResponse.read1() method. (#&#8203;3186 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3186>__)
• Added rudimentary support for HTTP/2. (#&#8203;3284 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3284>__)
• Fixed issue where requests against urls with trailing dots were failing due to SSL errors
  when using proxy. (#&#8203;2244 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2244>__)
• Fixed HTTPConnection.proxy_is_verified and HTTPSConnection.proxy_is_verified
  to be always set to a boolean after connecting to a proxy. It could be
  None in some cases previously. (#&#8203;3130 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3130>__)
• Fixed an issue where headers passed in a request with json= would be mutated (#&#8203;3203 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3203>__)
• Fixed HTTPSConnection.is_verified to be set to False when connecting
  from a HTTPS proxy to an HTTP target. It was set to True previously. (#&#8203;3267 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3267>__)
• Fixed handling of new error message from OpenSSL 3.2.0 when configuring an HTTP proxy as HTTPS (#&#8203;3268 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3268>__)
• Fixed TLS 1.3 post-handshake auth when the server certificate validation is disabled (#&#8203;3325 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3325>__)
• Note for downstream distributors: To run integration tests, you now need to run the tests a second
  time with the --integration pytest flag. (#&#8203;3181 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3181>__)

v2.1.0

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==================

• Removed support for the deprecated urllib3[secure] extra. (#&#8203;2680 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680>__)
• Removed support for the deprecated SecureTransport TLS implementation. (#&#8203;2681 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2681>__)
• Removed support for the end-of-life Python 3.7. (#&#8203;3143 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3143>__)
• Allowed loading CA certificates from memory for proxies. (#&#8203;3065 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3065>__)
• Fixed decoding Gzip-encoded responses which specified x-gzip content-encoding. (#&#8203;3174 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3174>__)

v2.0.7

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==================

• Made body stripped from HTTP requests changing the request method to GET after HTTP 303 "See Other" redirect responses.

v2.0.6

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==================

• Added the Cookie header to the list of headers to strip from requests when redirecting to a different host. As before, different headers can be set via Retry.remove_headers_on_redirect.

v2.0.5

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==================

• Allowed pyOpenSSL third-party module without any deprecation warning. (#&#8203;3126 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3126>__)
• Fixed default blocksize of HTTPConnection classes to match high-level classes. Previously was 8KiB, now 16KiB. (#&#8203;3066 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3066>__)

v2.0.4

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==================

• Added support for union operators to HTTPHeaderDict (#&#8203;2254 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2254>__)
• Added BaseHTTPResponse to urllib3.__all__ (#&#8203;3078 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3078>__)
• Fixed urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection to raise the http.client.connect audit event to have the same behavior as the standard library HTTP client (#&#8203;2757 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2757>__)
• Relied on the standard library for checking hostnames in supported PyPy releases (#&#8203;3087 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3087>__)

v2.0.3

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==================

• Allowed alternative SSL libraries such as LibreSSL, while still issuing a warning as we cannot help users facing issues with implementations other than OpenSSL. (#&#8203;3020 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3020>__)
• Deprecated URLs which don't have an explicit scheme (#&#8203;2950 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/2950>_)
• Fixed response decoding with Zstandard when compressed data is made of several frames. (#&#8203;3008 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3008>__)
• Fixed assert_hostname=False to correctly skip hostname check. (#&#8203;3051 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3051>__)

v2.0.2

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==================

• Fixed HTTPResponse.stream() to continue yielding bytes if buffered decompressed data
  was still available to be read even if the underlying socket is closed. This prevents
  a compressed response from being truncated. (#&#8203;3009 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3009>__)

v2.0.1

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==================

• Fixed a socket leak when fingerprint or hostname verifications fail. (#&#8203;2991 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2991>__)
• Fixed an error when HTTPResponse.read(0) was the first read call or when the internal response body buffer was otherwise empty. (#&#8203;2998 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2998>__)

v2.0.0

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==================

Read the v2.0 migration guide <https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/v2-migration-guide.html>__ for help upgrading to the latest version of urllib3.

Removed

• Removed support for Python 2.7, 3.5, and 3.6 (#&#8203;883 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/883>, #&#8203;2336 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2336>).
• Removed fallback on certificate commonName in match_hostname() function.
  This behavior was deprecated in May 2000 in RFC 2818. Instead only subjectAltName
  is used to verify the hostname by default. To enable verifying the hostname against
  commonName use SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name = True (#&#8203;2113 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2113>__).
• Removed support for Python with an ssl module compiled with LibreSSL, CiscoSSL,
  wolfSSL, and all other OpenSSL alternatives. Python is moving to require OpenSSL with PEP 644 (#&#8203;2168 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168>__).
• Removed support for OpenSSL versions earlier than 1.1.1 or that don't have SNI support.
  When an incompatible OpenSSL version is detected an ImportError is raised (#&#8203;2168 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168>__).
• Removed the list of default ciphers for OpenSSL 1.1.1+ and SecureTransport as their own defaults are already secure (#&#8203;2082 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2082>__).
• Removed urllib3.contrib.appengine.AppEngineManager and support for Google App Engine Standard Environment (#&#8203;2044 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2044>__).
• Removed deprecated Retry options method_whitelist, DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST (#&#8203;2086 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2086>__).
• Removed urllib3.HTTPResponse.from_httplib (#&#8203;2648 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2648>__).
• Removed default value of None for the request_context parameter of urllib3.PoolManager.connection_from_pool_key. This change should have no effect on users as the default value of None was an invalid option and was never used (#&#8203;1897 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1897>__).
• Removed the urllib3.request module. urllib3.request.RequestMethods has been made a private API.
  This change was made to ensure that from urllib3 import request imported the top-level request()
  function instead of the urllib3.request module (#&#8203;2269 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2269>__).
• Removed support for SSLv3.0 from the urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl even when support is available from the compiled OpenSSL library (#&#8203;2233 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2233>__).
• Removed the deprecated urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool module (#&#8203;2339 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2339>__).
• Removed DEFAULT_CIPHERS, HAS_SNI, USE_DEFAULT_SSLCONTEXT_CIPHERS, from the private module urllib3.util.ssl_ (#&#8203;2168 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168>__).
• Removed urllib3.exceptions.SNIMissingWarning (#&#8203;2168 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168>__).
• Removed the _prepare_conn method from HTTPConnectionPool. Previously this was only used to call HTTPSConnection.set_cert() by HTTPSConnectionPool (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).
• Removed tls_in_tls_required property from HTTPSConnection. This is now determined from the scheme parameter in HTTPConnection.set_tunnel() (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).
• Removed the strict parameter/attribute from HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection, HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, and HTTPResponse (#&#8203;2064 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2064>__).

Deprecated

• Deprecated HTTPResponse.getheaders() and HTTPResponse.getheader() which will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead use HTTPResponse.headers and HTTPResponse.headers.get(name, default). (#&#8203;1543 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1543>, #&#8203;2814 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2814>).
• Deprecated urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl module which will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0 (#&#8203;2691 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2691>__).
• Deprecated urllib3.contrib.securetransport module which will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0 (#&#8203;2692 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2692>__).
• Deprecated ssl_version option in favor of ssl_minimum_version. ssl_version will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0 (#&#8203;2110 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2110>__).
• Deprecated the strict parameter of PoolManager.connection_from_context() as it's not longer needed in Python 3.x. It will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0 (#&#8203;2267 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2267>__)
• Deprecated the NewConnectionError.pool attribute which will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0 (#&#8203;2271 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2271>__).
• Deprecated format_header_param_html5 and format_header_param in favor of format_multipart_header_param (#&#8203;2257 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2257>__).
• Deprecated RequestField.header_formatter parameter which will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0 (#&#8203;2257 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2257>__).
• Deprecated HTTPSConnection.set_cert() method. Instead pass parameters to the HTTPSConnection constructor (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).
• Deprecated HTTPConnection.request_chunked() method which will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead pass chunked=True to HTTPConnection.request() (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).

Added

• Added top-level urllib3.request function which uses a preconfigured module-global PoolManager instance (#&#8203;2150 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2150>__).
• Added the json parameter to urllib3.request(), PoolManager.request(), and ConnectionPool.request() methods to send JSON bodies in requests. Using this parameter will set the header Content-Type: application/json if Content-Type isn't already defined.
  Added support for parsing JSON response bodies with HTTPResponse.json() method (#&#8203;2243 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2243>__).
• Added type hints to the urllib3 module (#&#8203;1897 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1897>__).
• Added ssl_minimum_version and ssl_maximum_version options which set
  SSLContext.minimum_version and SSLContext.maximum_version (#&#8203;2110 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2110>__).
• Added support for Zstandard (RFC 8878) when zstandard 1.18.0 or later is installed.
  Added the zstd extra which installs the zstandard package (#&#8203;1992 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1992>__).
• Added urllib3.response.BaseHTTPResponse class. All future response classes will be subclasses of BaseHTTPResponse (#&#8203;2083 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2083>__).
• Added FullPoolError which is raised when PoolManager(block=True) and a connection is returned to a full pool (#&#8203;2197 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2197>__).
• Added HTTPHeaderDict to the top-level urllib3 namespace (#&#8203;2216 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2216>__).
• Added support for configuring header merging behavior with HTTPHeaderDict
  When using a HTTPHeaderDict to provide headers for a request, by default duplicate
  header values will be repeated. But if combine=True is passed into a call to
  HTTPHeaderDict.add, then the added header value will be merged in with an existing
  value into a comma-separated list (X-My-Header: foo, bar) (#&#8203;2242 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2242>__).
• Added NameResolutionError exception when a DNS error occurs (#&#8203;2305 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2305>__).
• Added proxy_assert_hostname and proxy_assert_fingerprint kwargs to ProxyManager (#&#8203;2409 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2409>__).
• Added a configurable backoff_max parameter to the Retry class.
  If a custom backoff_max is provided to the Retry class, it
  will replace the Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX (#&#8203;2494 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2494>__).
• Added the authority property to the Url class as per RFC 3986 3.2. This property should be used in place of netloc for users who want to include the userinfo (auth) component of the URI (#&#8203;2520 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2520>__).
• Added the scheme parameter to HTTPConnection.set_tunnel to configure the scheme of the origin being tunnelled to (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).
• Added the is_closed, is_connected and has_connected_to_proxy properties to HTTPConnection (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).
• Added optional backoff_jitter parameter to Retry. (#&#8203;2952 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2952>__)

Changed

• Changed urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.read to respect the semantics of io.BufferedIOBase regardless of compression. Specifically, this method:

  • Only returns an empty bytes object to indicate EOF (that is, the response has been fully consumed).
  • Never returns more bytes than requested.
  • Can issue any number of system calls: zero, one or multiple.

  If you want each urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.read call to issue a single system call, you need to disable decompression by setting decode_content=False (#&#8203;2128 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2128>__).

• Changed urllib3.HTTPConnection.getresponse to return an instance of urllib3.HTTPResponse instead of http.client.HTTPResponse (#&#8203;2648 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2648>__).

• Changed ssl_version to instead set the corresponding SSLContext.minimum_version
  and SSLContext.maximum_version values. Regardless of ssl_version passed
  SSLContext objects are now constructed using ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT (#&#8203;2110 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2110>__).

• Changed default SSLContext.minimum_version to be TLSVersion.TLSv1_2 in line with Python 3.10 (#&#8203;2373 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2373>__).

• Changed ProxyError to wrap any connection error (timeout, TLS, DNS) that occurs when connecting to the proxy (#&#8203;2482 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/2482>__).

• Changed urllib3.util.create_urllib3_context to not override the system cipher suites with
  a default value. The new default will be cipher suites configured by the operating system (#&#8203;2168 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168>__).

• Changed multipart/form-data header parameter formatting matches the WHATWG HTML Standard as of 2021-06-10. Control characters in filenames are no longer percent encoded (#&#8203;2257 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2257>__).

• Changed the error raised when connecting via HTTPS when the ssl module isn't available from SSLError to ImportError (#&#8203;2589 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2589>__).

• Changed HTTPConnection.request() to always use lowercase chunk boundaries when sending requests with Transfer-Encoding: chunked (#&#8203;2515 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2515>__).

• Changed enforce_content_length default to True, preventing silent data loss when reading streamed responses (#&#8203;2514 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2514>__).

• Changed internal implementation of HTTPHeaderDict to use dict instead of collections.OrderedDict for better performance (#&#8203;2080 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2080>__).

• Changed the urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl module to wrap OpenSSL.SSL.Error with ssl.SSLError in PyOpenSSLContext.load_cert_chain (#&#8203;2628 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2628>__).

• Changed usage of the deprecated socket.error to OSError (#&#8203;2120 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2120>__).

• Changed all parameters in the HTTPConnection and HTTPSConnection constructors to be keyword-only except host and port (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).

• Changed HTTPConnection.getresponse() to set the socket timeout from HTTPConnection.timeout value before reading
  data from the socket. This previously was done manually by the HTTPConnectionPool calling HTTPConnection.sock.settimeout(...) (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).

• Changed the _proxy_host property to _tunnel_host in HTTPConnectionPool to more closely match how the property is used (value in HTTPConnection.set_tunnel()) (#&#8203;1985 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1985>__).

• Changed name of Retry.BACK0FF_MAX to be Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX.

• Changed TLS handshakes to use SSLContext.check_hostname when possible (#&#8203;2452 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/2452>__).

• Changed server_hostname to behave like other parameters only used by HTTPSConnectionPool (#&#8203;2537 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/2537>__).

• Changed the default blocksize to 16KB to match OpenSSL's default read amounts (#&#8203;2348 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/2348>__).

• Changed HTTPResponse.read() to raise an error when calling with decode_content=False after using decode_content=True to prevent data loss (#&#8203;2800 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2800>__).

Fixed

• Fixed thread-safety issue where accessing a PoolManager with many distinct origins would cause connection pools to be closed while requests are in progress (#&#8203;1252 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1252>__).
• Fixed an issue where an HTTPConnection instance would erroneously reuse the socket read timeout value from reading the previous response instead of a newly configured connect timeout.
  Instead now if HTTPConnection.timeout is updated before sending the next request the new timeout value will be used (#&#8203;2645 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2645>__).
• Fixed socket.error.errno when raised from pyOpenSSL's OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError (#&#8203;2118 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2118>__).
• Fixed the default value of HTTPSConnection.socket_options to match HTTPConnection (#&#8203;2213 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2213>__).
• Fixed a bug where headers would be modified by the remove_headers_on_redirect feature (#&#8203;2272 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2272>__).
• Fixed a reference cycle bug in urllib3.util.connection.create_connection() (#&#8203;2277 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2277>__).
• Fixed a socket leak if HTTPConnection.connect() fails (#&#8203;2571 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/2571>__).
• Fixed urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.WrappedSocket and urllib3.contrib.securetransport.WrappedSocket close methods (#&#8203;2970 <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2970>__)

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