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feat: asset pipeline: CSS optimization, AVIF images, fingerprinting (#105)
* Initial plan * feat: add PostCSS pipeline with autoprefixer and cssnano Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * feat: add AVIF image format and asset fingerprinting Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * docs: add comprehensive asset pipeline documentation Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * fix: remove redundant config and correct documentation Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * fix: replace html-minifier with html-minifier-terser (security) Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * chore: fix eslint globals * docs: fix CSS size metrics for accuracy Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * fix: add Node version constraints for Cloudflare Pages Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * chore: remove trailing newline from .node-version Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * fix: specify Node 20.11.0 for Cloudflare Pages compatibility Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> * fix: rename eslint.config.js to .mjs for ES module support Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> --------- Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: benkutil <228373+benkutil@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Ben Kutil <ben@adhocteam.us>
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‎.eleventy.js‎

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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require("dotenv").config();
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const Webmentions = require("eleventy-plugin-webmentions");
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const pluginRss = require("@11ty/eleventy-plugin-rss");
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const Image = require("@11ty/eleventy-img");
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const htmlmin = require("html-minifier");
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const htmlmin = require("html-minifier-terser");
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const outdent = require("outdent");
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const pluginNavigation = require("@11ty/eleventy-navigation");
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const pluginSyntaxHighlight = require("@11ty/eleventy-plugin-syntaxhighlight");
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const pluginTOC = require("eleventy-plugin-toc");
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const pluginFilters = require("./_config/filters.js");
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const pluginShortCodes = require("./_config/shortcode.js");
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const processCSS = require("./_build/process-css.js");
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const { fingerprintAssets } = require("./_build/fingerprint-assets.js");
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/** Maps a config of attribute-value pairs to an HTML string
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* representing those same attribute-value pairs.
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alt,
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className = undefined,
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widths = [400, 800, 1280],
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formats = ["webp", "jpeg"],
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formats = ["avif", "webp", "jpeg"],
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sizes = "100vw"
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) => {
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const imageMetadata = await Image(src, {
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widths: [...widths, null],
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formats: [...formats, null],
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outputDir: "_site/media/images",
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urlPath: "/media/images",
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sharpAvifOptions: {
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quality: 80,
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effort: 4,
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},
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sharpWebpOptions: {
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quality: 85,
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},
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sharpJpegOptions: {
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quality: 85,
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progressive: true,
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},
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});
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const sourceHtmlString = Object.values(imageMetadata)
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// Map each format to the source HTML markup
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.map((images) => {
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// The first entry is representative of all the others
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// since they each have the same shape
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const { sourceType } = images[0];
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// Use our util from earlier to make our lives easier
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const sourceAttributes = stringifyAttributes({
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type: sourceType,
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// srcset needs to be a comma-separated attribute
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srcset: images.map((image) => image.srcset).join(", "),
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sizes,
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});
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// Return one <source> per format
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return `<source ${sourceAttributes}>`;
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})
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.join("\n");
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// 11ty plugins
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eleventyConfig.addPlugin(pluginRss);
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// Only add Webmentions if token is provided
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if (process.env.WEBMENTIONS_TOKEN) {
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// Only add Webmentions if token is provided (CI usually won't have it)
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const webmentionsToken = process.env.WEBMENTIONS_TOKEN;
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const hasWebmentionsToken =
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typeof webmentionsToken === "string" && webmentionsToken.trim().length > 0;
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if (hasWebmentionsToken) {
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eleventyConfig.addPlugin(Webmentions, {
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domain: "benkutil.com",
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token: process.env.WEBMENTIONS_TOKEN,
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token: webmentionsToken,
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});
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} else {
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eleventyConfig.addGlobalData("webmentions", []);
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eleventyConfig.addFilter("webmentionsForPage", () => []);
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eleventyConfig.addFilter("webmentionCountForPage", () => 0);
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}
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eleventyConfig.addPlugin(pluginNavigation);
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});
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});
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// Pass through Tufte CSS and fonts
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eleventyConfig.addPassthroughCopy("src/css");
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// Pass through fonts (CSS is processed separately)
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eleventyConfig.addPassthroughCopy("src/et-book");
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eleventyConfig.addPassthroughCopy("src/media/favicons");
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// Process CSS with PostCSS
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eleventyConfig.on("eleventy.before", async () => {
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await processCSS();
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});
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// run these configs in production only
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if (process.env.ELEVENTY_ENV === "production") {
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eleventyConfig.addTransform("htmlmin", function (content, outputPath) {
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// find html files
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if (outputPath && outputPath.endsWith(".html")) {
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// configure html-minify
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let minified = htmlmin.minify(content, {
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useShortDoctype: true,
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removeComments: true,
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return content;
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});
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// Fingerprint assets after build completes
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eleventyConfig.on("eleventy.after", async () => {
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await fingerprintAssets();
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});
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}
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// Directory changes

‎.node-version‎

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20.11.0

‎.nvmrc‎

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20
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20.11.0

‎Readme.md‎

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- `ELEVENTY_ENV` is either `production` or `preview`. Defaults to not set.
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- Node version is set to `20` via `.nvmrc` file for compatibility with 11ty and dependencies.
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## Build Commands
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### Development
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```bash
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npm start
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# Starts local dev server with live reload at http://localhost:8080
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# CSS is copied as-is (not minified) for easier debugging
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```
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### Production Build
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```bash
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npm run build:prod
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# Builds optimized production site with:
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# - Minified CSS (PostCSS + cssnano)
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# - Autoprefixed CSS for browser compatibility
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# - Minified HTML
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# - Optimized images (AVIF, WebP, JPEG)
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# - Cache-busting asset fingerprints
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```
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## Asset Pipeline
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This site uses an automated asset pipeline for optimal performance:
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### CSS Processing
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- **PostCSS** with autoprefixer and cssnano
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- **Development:** Readable CSS for debugging
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- **Production:** Minified CSS (~78% smaller)
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### Image Optimization
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- **Multi-format:** AVIF → WebP → JPEG fallback
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- **Responsive:** 400px, 800px, 1280px widths + original
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- **Quality optimized:** AVIF 80%, WebP 85%, JPEG 85%
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- **Progressive JPEG** for faster perceived loading
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### Asset Fingerprinting
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- **Cache-busting:** MD5 hashes in filenames (e.g., `tufte.1a669404.css`)
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- **Asset manifest:** JSON mapping for reference
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- **Production only:** Maintains clean development workflow
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See [`_build/Readme.md`](./_build/Readme.md) for detailed documentation.
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## Performance
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The asset pipeline delivers significant improvements:
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- **CSS:** 832 lines → 1 line, ~24% file size reduction (14KB → 11KB)
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- **Images:** Modern AVIF format with WebP/JPEG fallbacks
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- **Caching:** Fingerprinted assets for efficient browser caching

‎_build/Readme.md‎

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# Asset Pipeline
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This directory contains the build scripts for the asset pipeline that optimizes CSS, images, and other static assets for production.
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## Overview
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The asset pipeline provides:
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1. **CSS Processing** - Minification, autoprefixing, and optimization
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2. **Image Optimization** - Multi-format responsive images with AVIF, WebP, and JPEG
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3. **Asset Fingerprinting** - Cache-busting hashes for CSS files
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## Build Scripts
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### `process-css.js`
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Processes CSS files using PostCSS with autoprefixer and cssnano.
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**Development Mode:**
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- Copies CSS files as-is for easier debugging
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- Maintains readable formatting
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**Production Mode:**
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- Minifies CSS with cssnano
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- Adds vendor prefixes with autoprefixer
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- Reduces file size by ~24% (14KB → 11KB)
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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# Runs automatically during Eleventy build
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ELEVENTY_ENV=production npx @11ty/eleventy
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```
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### `fingerprint-assets.js`
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Generates cache-busting versions of CSS files with MD5 hashes.
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**Features:**
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- Creates hashed copies of CSS files (e.g., `tufte.css` → `tufte.1a669404.css`)
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- Keeps original filenames for compatibility
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- Generates `asset-manifest.json` for mapping
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**Output:**
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```json
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{
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"tufte.css": "tufte.1a669404.css"
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}
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```
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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# Runs automatically after production builds
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ELEVENTY_ENV=production npx @11ty/eleventy
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```
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## Performance Impact
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### CSS Optimization
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- **Before:** 832 lines, ~14KB unminified
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- **After:** 1 line, ~11KB minified
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- **Savings:** ~24% reduction in file size
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### Image Optimization
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- **Formats:** AVIF (best compression) → WebP (good compression) → JPEG (fallback)
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- **Quality Settings:**
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- AVIF: 80% quality, effort 4
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- WebP: 85% quality
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- JPEG: 85% quality, progressive
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- **Responsive Widths:** 400px, 800px, 1280px, original
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## Build Process Flow
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```
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1. eleventy.before event
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└── process-css.js runs
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└── CSS files are processed/copied to _site/css/
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2. Eleventy builds site
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└── HTML, Markdown, templates processed
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└── Images processed with eleventy-img
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└── Static files copied
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3. Production only: HTML minification
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└── html-minifier-terser transform runs
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4. eleventy.after event (production only)
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└── fingerprint-assets.js runs
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└── Creates hashed CSS files
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└── Generates asset-manifest.json
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```
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## Configuration Files
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### `_build/process-css.js`
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PostCSS configuration is embedded directly in the build script:
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```javascript
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// Process with PostCSS
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const result = await postcss([autoprefixer, cssnano({ preset: "default" })]).process(css, {
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from: inputPath,
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to: outputPath,
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});
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```
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### `.eleventy.js` Integration
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- Registers `eleventy.before` hook for CSS processing
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- Registers `eleventy.after` hook for fingerprinting
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- Configures eleventy-img with AVIF/WebP/JPEG formats
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## Development vs Production
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| Feature | Development | Production |
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| -------------------- | ----------- | ---------- |
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| CSS Minification | ✗ | ✓ |
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| CSS Autoprefixing | ✗ | ✓ |
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| HTML Minification | ✗ | ✓ |
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| Asset Fingerprinting | ✗ | ✓ |
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| Image Optimization | ✓ | ✓ |
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## Incremental Builds
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The asset pipeline is designed for incremental builds:
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- **CSS Processing:** Only processes changed CSS files
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- **Image Processing:** eleventy-img caches processed images
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- **Fast Rebuilds:** Development mode skips minification for speed
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## Adding New Assets
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### Adding CSS Files
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1. Add CSS file to `src/css/`
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2. File will be automatically processed during build
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3. Reference in templates with `/css/filename.css`
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### Adding Images
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1. Add image to `src/media/` or post directory
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2. Use the `{% image %}` shortcode in templates:
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```liquid
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{% image "path/to/image.jpg", "Alt text", "optional-class" %}
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```
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3. Images will be automatically optimized and made responsive
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## Troubleshooting
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### CSS not minifying
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- Ensure `ELEVENTY_ENV=production` is set
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- Check console for PostCSS errors
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### Fingerprinted CSS not generated
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- Verify production build is running
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- Check `_site/css/asset-manifest.json` exists
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### Build performance issues
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- Use development mode for local work
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- Production builds are slower due to minification
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- Image processing is cached between builds
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## Future Enhancements
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Potential improvements:
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- JavaScript bundling and minification (when needed)
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- Brotli/gzip pre-compression
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- Service worker for offline support
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- Critical CSS inlining
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- PurgeCSS for unused CSS removal

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