Document JSON ingestion schema APIs

Author: jwils

elasticgraph-json_ingestion/README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,106 @@
 # ElasticGraph::JSONIngestion
 
-JSON Schema ingestion support for ElasticGraph.
+Provides JSON Schema ingestion support for ElasticGraph.
 
 This gem provides the schema-definition extension that generates JSON Schema artifacts for indexing
-events and validates JSON-ingestion-specific schema options.
+events and validates JSON-ingestion-specific schema options. Generated ElasticGraph projects install
+and enable it by default. Applications that wire schema-definition tasks manually enable it by adding
+`ElasticGraph::JSONIngestion::SchemaDefinition::APIExtension` to their schema-definition extension modules.
+
+## Schema Definition APIs
+
+Use `schema.json_schema_version` to identify the current JSON schema artifact. Every change that affects
+the JSON schema should increment this version so publishers and indexers can safely evolve independently.
+During early prototyping, `schema.enforce_json_schema_version false` can disable version-change enforcement.
+For production applications, leave enforcement enabled so schema artifact changes require an intentional
+version bump.
+
+```diff
+diff --git a/config/schema.rb b/config/schema.rb
+index 015c5fa..b8eeaef 100644
+--- a/config/schema.rb
++++ b/config/schema.rb
+@@ -2,3 +2,3 @@ ElasticGraph.define_schema do |schema|
+   # ElasticGraph will tell you when you need to bump this.
+-  schema.json_schema_version 1
++  schema.json_schema_version 2
+
+```
+
+```ruby
+# in config/schema/json_schema_enforcement.rb
+
+ElasticGraph.define_schema do |schema|
+  schema.enforce_json_schema_version false
+end
+```
+
+Use `schema.json_schema_strictness` to configure whether indexing events may omit nullable fields or include
+extra fields. We recommend enabling at most one of these options, because enabling both can hide misspelled
+event fields.
+
+```ruby
+# in config/schema/json_schema_strictness.rb
+
+ElasticGraph.define_schema do |schema|
+  schema.json_schema_strictness allow_omitted_fields: true, allow_extra_fields: false
+end
+```
+
+Custom scalar types must declare how they are represented in JSON Schema:
+
+```ruby
+# in config/schema/url.rb
+
+ElasticGraph.define_schema do |schema|
+  schema.scalar_type "URL" do |t|
+    t.mapping type: "keyword"
+    t.json_schema type: "string", format: "uri"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Fields and object/interface types can add JSON Schema validations. Use field-level validations sparingly:
+they run while indexing events, so violations can send otherwise valid source-system data to the dead letter
+queue. They are best reserved for constraints that ElasticGraph needs in order to index correctly.
+
+```ruby
+# in config/schema/card.rb
+
+ElasticGraph.define_schema do |schema|
+  schema.object_type "Card" do |t|
+    t.field "id", "ID!"
+
+    t.field "expYear", "Int" do |f|
+      f.json_schema minimum: 2000, maximum: 2099
+    end
+
+    t.field "expMonth", "Int" do |f|
+      f.json_schema minimum: 1, maximum: 12
+    end
+
+    t.index "cards"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+On fields, `nullable: false` disallows `null` in indexing events while keeping the GraphQL field nullable:
+
+```ruby
+# in config/schema/widget.rb
+
+ElasticGraph.define_schema do |schema|
+  schema.object_type "Widget" do |t|
+    t.field "id", "ID!"
+
+    t.field "name", "String" do |f|
+      f.json_schema nullable: false
+    end
+
+    t.index "widgets"
+  end
+end
+```
 
 ## Dependency Diagram