Update Dockerfile from Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04

Prevent the test suite from reaching out to the Ubuntu debuginfod
server when tests are run in the devcontainer, as otherwise one of the
tests hangs while trying to symbolize due to an ongoing DDOS attack
targeting Ubuntu. Since we don't need the debuginfod server, there's no
need to add any load to it.

Co-authored-by: Matt Wozniski <godlygeek@gmail.com>

Author: nitinryali

Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Stage 1: Elfutils build stage
-FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS elfutils_builder
+FROM ubuntu:24.04 AS elfutils_builder
 ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ENV VERS=0.193
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     && make install
 
 # Stage 2: Final stage
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
 ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
 # Install runtime dependencies
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     libbz2-dev \
     zlib1g-dev \
     && apt-get clean \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /etc/debuginfod/*.urls
 
 # Copy the installed files from the elfutils_builder stage
 COPY --from=elfutils_builder /usr/local /usr/local