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Implemented a new optional_features to model inertia reserves with all the documentation and test associated. Inertia reserve is a grid service that units provide if they are generating and slows down the variation of the frequency when a disturbance happens on the grid, allowing more time for frequency reserves to activate. The implementation for this optional feature follows the general structure of operational reserves in GridPath where requirements can depend on multiple factors and the sum of the inertia of projects must be greater than the requirement (with violation if allowed). There are 2 major differences between operational reserves and inertia: The requirement for inertia is in MWs instead of MW, which means that we must add a file in the requirement folder where the user will have to input the operating frequency of the system and the ROCOF. The requirements that are specified by the user (% of the load, MW per timepoint ratio of project capacity/power) will then be multiplied by (f_0 " " )/(2 *Rocof ). Instead of relying on headroom and footroom, Inertia relies on the nameplate capacity of units that are operating, the inertia of a project is equal to its nameplate capacity * an inertia constant that is technology/project specific if that project is generating. To implement this, an capacity_providing_inertia_rule with a default of 0 was added to projects and its definition changes based on the operational type. This inertia capacity is then multiplied by the inertia constant. Additional changes were made to the dispatchable_load operational type to allow it to act like a synchronous condenser: The energy_requirement_factor allows a project to activate its capacity at a fraction of the energy that would normally be required. For example, when a synchronous condenser operates it consumes 1% to 3% of its nameplate capacity so while the online capacity is 100%, it power consumption is 1%. The energy_requirement_factor parameter is default to 100%.
Fix inertia requirement if they are based on the capacity of project. Also allow units to reduce operational reserve requirements based on their power output or capacity.
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