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<!DOCTYPE html>
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  <meta name="description"
        content="Chapter 14 of Python Zero to Hero: work with JSON, XML and HTTP APIs using built-in modules and the requests library."/>
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        content="Python, JSON, xml, HTTP, requests, api, json.loads, json.dumps, xml.etree, urllib"/>
  <meta name="author" content="Luca Bocaletto"/>
  <title>Chapter 14 – JSON, XML & HTTP Requests | Python Zero to Hero</title>

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      <h1 class="display-6">Chapter 14: JSON, XML &amp; HTTP Requests</h1>
      <p class="text-muted">
        Parse and generate JSON and XML, and interact with web APIs using HTTP requests.
      </p>
      <a href="src/chapter14.py" download class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-sm btn-py">
        Download <code>chapter14.py</code>
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    <section id="objectives" class="mb-5">
      <h2>Objectives</h2>
      <ul>
        <li>Load and dump JSON with the <code>json</code> module.</li>
        <li>Parse XML using <code>xml.etree.ElementTree</code>.</li>
        <li>Make HTTP GET and POST requests with <code>requests</code>.</li>
        <li>Handle query parameters, headers and JSON bodies.</li>
        <li>Process API responses and error handling.</li>
      </ul>
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    <!-- 1. JSON Handling -->
    <section id="json" class="mb-5">
      <h2>1. JSON Handling</h2>
      <p>Convert between JSON text and Python objects:</p>
      <pre><code class="python">import json

data = {"user": "alice", "active": True, "roles": ["admin","user"]}
# serialize
text = json.dumps(data, indent=2)
# deserialize
obj = json.loads(text)
print(obj["roles"])  # ['admin', 'user']</code></pre>
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    <!-- 2. XML Parsing -->
    <section id="xml" class="mb-5">
      <h2>2. XML Parsing</h2>
      <p>Use <code>xml.etree.ElementTree</code> to read and navigate XML:</p>
      <pre><code class="python">import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xml = "&lt;root&gt;&lt;item id='1'&gt;Foo&lt;/item&gt;&lt;/root&gt;"
root = ET.fromstring(xml)
for item in root.findall("item"):
    print(item.get("id"), item.text)  # 1 Foo</code></pre>
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    <!-- 3. HTTP with requests -->
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      <h2>3. HTTP with requests</h2>
      <p>Install via <code>pip install requests</code>. Make GET and POST:</p>
      <pre><code class="python">import requests

# GET with params
resp = requests.get("https://api.example.com/data", params={"q":"python"})
print(resp.status_code, resp.json())

# POST JSON body
payload = {"name":"bob","age":30}
resp = requests.post("https://api.example.com/users", json=payload)
print(resp.status_code, resp.text)
</code></pre>
      <p>Set headers and timeout:</p>
      <pre><code class="python">headers = {"Authorization":"Bearer TOKEN"}
resp = requests.get("https://api.example.com/secure", headers=headers, timeout=5)
</code></pre>
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      <h2>Exercises</h2>
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        <li>Read a JSON file, modify it and write it back.</li>
        <li>Parse an XML file of books and print titles published after 2000.</li>
        <li>Use <code>requests</code> to fetch GitHub user data (<code>https://api.github.com/users/&lt;username&gt;</code>).</li>
        <li>POST a JSON payload to a mock API (e.g., <code>https://httpbin.org/post</code>) and display the response.</li>
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