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| Term | Definition | Chapter |
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10
|------|-----------|---------|
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-
| Annotated tag | A tag object with author, date, and message — stored in `.git/objects/`|[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
12
-
| Bare repository | A repository with no working tree — only `.git/` internals |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
13
-
| Bisect | Binary search through commit history to find the commit that introduced a bug |[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
14
-
| Blame | Show which commit and author last modified each line of a file |[7](07-playbook.md)|
15
-
| Blob | Object that stores the raw contents of a single file |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
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-
| Branch | A movable pointer to a commit, stored in `.git/refs/heads/`|[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
17
-
| Cherry-pick | Copy a single commit from one branch onto another, creating a new commit with a different hash |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
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-
| Clone | Create a local copy of a remote repository, including full history, origin remote, and tracking branches |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
19
-
| Commit | An object that records a snapshot of the project — references a tree, parent commits, author, and message |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
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-
| Conflict | When two branches modify the same lines and Git cannot merge them automatically |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
21
-
| Detached HEAD | State where HEAD points directly to a commit instead of a branch — new commits are orphaned if you switch away |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
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-
| Fast-forward | A merge where the target branch simply moves forward to the source branch tip — no merge commit is created |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
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-
| Fetch | Download commits from a remote and update remote-tracking branches without modifying local branches |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
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-
| Fork | A hosting-platform copy of someone else's repository under your account |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
25
-
| Garbage collection | Git's process for removing orphaned objects from `.git/objects/`|[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
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-
| Hash | A unique 40-character identifier (SHA-1) computed from an object's content |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
27
-
| HEAD | Reference to the current position — usually points to a branch, sometimes directly to a commit (detached) |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
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-
| Hook | A script in `.git/hooks/` that Git runs automatically before or after events like commit or push |[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
29
-
| Index | The staging area — a sorted list of tracked files prepared for the next commit, stored at `.git/index`|[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
30
-
| Interactive rebase | Editing, reordering, squashing, or dropping commits before sharing them |[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
31
-
| Lightweight tag | A tag that is just a file in `.git/refs/tags/` containing a commit hash — no object, no metadata |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
32
-
| Merge | Combining changes from two branches into one, optionally creating a merge commit |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
33
-
| Merge commit | A commit with two or more parents, created by a 3-way merge |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
34
-
| Origin | Conventional name for the remote you cloned from |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
35
-
| Orphaned commit | A commit no branch or tag points to — eligible for garbage collection after reflog expiry |[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
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-
| Pathspec | A pattern that matches files or directories in Git commands |[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
37
-
| Pull | Fetch from a remote and merge (or rebase) into the current branch |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
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-
| Pull request | A hosting-platform feature for requesting review and merge of a branch |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
39
-
| Push | Upload local commits to a remote branch |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
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-
| Rebase | Replay commits from one branch on top of another, producing a linear history |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
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-
| Reflog | A local log of every position HEAD and branch tips have been in — used to recover lost commits |[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
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-
| Refspec | Syntax that maps references between a remote and a local repository (e.g. `+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*`) |[6](06-expert-topics.md)|
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-
| Remote | A named reference to another repository, stored in `.git/config`|[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
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-
| Remote-tracking branch | A read-only local reference that mirrors a remote branch (e.g. `origin/main`), updated by fetch and pull |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
45
-
| Repository | The `.git/` directory containing all objects, references, and configuration for a project |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
46
-
| Reset | Move HEAD and optionally the branch tip to a different commit — `--soft`, `--mixed`, or `--hard`|[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
47
-
| Revert | Create a new commit that undoes a previous commit's changes without rewriting history |[7](07-playbook.md)|
48
-
| Squash merge | Combine all commits from a branch into a single change set on the target branch — no merge commit |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
49
-
| Stash | Save uncommitted changes temporarily so you can switch branches with a clean working tree |[3](03-branching-and-merging.md)|
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-
| Submodule | A reference to a specific commit in another repository — stores URL and hash, not files |[5](05-subprojects.md)|
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-
| Subtree | A full copy of another repository merged into a subdirectory of the parent project |[5](05-subprojects.md)|
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-
| Tag | A named reference to a commit — annotated (object with metadata) or lightweight (plain reference) |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
53
-
| Tree | Object that represents a directory — lists blobs and other trees with names and permissions |[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
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-
| Upstream | Conventional name for the original repository you forked from |[4](04-remote-repositories.md)|
55
-
| Working tree | The checked-out files on disk that you edit directly — everything outside `.git/`|[2](02-building-blocks.md)|
11
+
| Annotated tag | A tag object with author, date, and message — stored in `.git/objects/`|[2](../building-blocks/)|
12
+
| Bare repository | A repository with no working tree — only `.git/` internals |[2](../building-blocks/)|
13
+
| Bisect | Binary search through commit history to find the commit that introduced a bug |[6](../expert-topics/)|
14
+
| Blame | Show which commit and author last modified each line of a file |[7](../playbook/)|
15
+
| Blob | Object that stores the raw contents of a single file |[2](../building-blocks/)|
16
+
| Branch | A movable pointer to a commit, stored in `.git/refs/heads/`|[2](../building-blocks/)|
17
+
| Cherry-pick | Copy a single commit from one branch onto another, creating a new commit with a different hash |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
18
+
| Clone | Create a local copy of a remote repository, including full history, origin remote, and tracking branches |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
19
+
| Commit | An object that records a snapshot of the project — references a tree, parent commits, author, and message |[2](../building-blocks/)|
20
+
| Conflict | When two branches modify the same lines and Git cannot merge them automatically |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
21
+
| Detached HEAD | State where HEAD points directly to a commit instead of a branch — new commits are orphaned if you switch away |[2](../building-blocks/)|
22
+
| Fast-forward | A merge where the target branch simply moves forward to the source branch tip — no merge commit is created |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
23
+
| Fetch | Download commits from a remote and update remote-tracking branches without modifying local branches |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
24
+
| Fork | A hosting-platform copy of someone else's repository under your account |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
25
+
| Garbage collection | Git's process for removing orphaned objects from `.git/objects/`|[6](../expert-topics/)|
26
+
| Hash | A unique 40-character identifier (SHA-1) computed from an object's content |[2](../building-blocks/)|
27
+
| HEAD | Reference to the current position — usually points to a branch, sometimes directly to a commit (detached) |[2](../building-blocks/)|
28
+
| Hook | A script in `.git/hooks/` that Git runs automatically before or after events like commit or push |[6](../expert-topics/)|
29
+
| Index | The staging area — a sorted list of tracked files prepared for the next commit, stored at `.git/index`|[2](../building-blocks/)|
30
+
| Interactive rebase | Editing, reordering, squashing, or dropping commits before sharing them |[6](../expert-topics/)|
31
+
| Lightweight tag | A tag that is just a file in `.git/refs/tags/` containing a commit hash — no object, no metadata |[2](../building-blocks/)|
32
+
| Merge | Combining changes from two branches into one, optionally creating a merge commit |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
33
+
| Merge commit | A commit with two or more parents, created by a 3-way merge |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
34
+
| Origin | Conventional name for the remote you cloned from |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
35
+
| Orphaned commit | A commit no branch or tag points to — eligible for garbage collection after reflog expiry |[6](../expert-topics/)|
36
+
| Pathspec | A pattern that matches files or directories in Git commands |[6](../expert-topics/)|
37
+
| Pull | Fetch from a remote and merge (or rebase) into the current branch |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
38
+
| Pull request | A hosting-platform feature for requesting review and merge of a branch |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
39
+
| Push | Upload local commits to a remote branch |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
40
+
| Rebase | Replay commits from one branch on top of another, producing a linear history |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
41
+
| Reflog | A local log of every position HEAD and branch tips have been in — used to recover lost commits |[6](../expert-topics/)|
42
+
| Refspec | Syntax that maps references between a remote and a local repository (e.g. `+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*`) |[6](../expert-topics/)|
43
+
| Remote | A named reference to another repository, stored in `.git/config`|[4](../remote-repositories/)|
44
+
| Remote-tracking branch | A read-only local reference that mirrors a remote branch (e.g. `origin/main`), updated by fetch and pull |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
45
+
| Repository | The `.git/` directory containing all objects, references, and configuration for a project |[2](../building-blocks/)|
46
+
| Reset | Move HEAD and optionally the branch tip to a different commit — `--soft`, `--mixed`, or `--hard`|[2](../building-blocks/)|
47
+
| Revert | Create a new commit that undoes a previous commit's changes without rewriting history |[7](../playbook/)|
48
+
| Squash merge | Combine all commits from a branch into a single change set on the target branch — no merge commit |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
49
+
| Stash | Save uncommitted changes temporarily so you can switch branches with a clean working tree |[3](../branching-and-merging/)|
50
+
| Submodule | A reference to a specific commit in another repository — stores URL and hash, not files |[5](../subprojects/)|
51
+
| Subtree | A full copy of another repository merged into a subdirectory of the parent project |[5](../subprojects/)|
52
+
| Tag | A named reference to a commit — annotated (object with metadata) or lightweight (plain reference) |[2](../building-blocks/)|
53
+
| Tree | Object that represents a directory — lists blobs and other trees with names and permissions |[2](../building-blocks/)|
54
+
| Upstream | Conventional name for the original repository you forked from |[4](../remote-repositories/)|
55
+
| Working tree | The checked-out files on disk that you edit directly — everything outside `.git/`|[2](../building-blocks/)|
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