replicate phpstan 12585

[calebdw]

Replicates the bug in phpstan/phpstan#12585

The test fails with:

- Anonymous function should return Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model> but returns App\PostBuilder<App\Post>
- Anonymous function should return Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model> but returns App\PostBuilder<App\Post>
- Parameter #2 $callback of method Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<App\User>::whereHas() expects
  (Closure(Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<App\Post>): mixed)|null,
  Closure(App\PostBuilder): void given

[calebdw]

See reproduction: phpstan/phpstan-src#3828