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title="更新于 2025-03-22 14:47:22">2025-03-22</time></header><h1>看完你能学会</h1>
<div class="note warning no-icon flat"><ul>
<li>@Resource和@Autowired区别</li>
<li>IDEA使用@Autowired为什么有警告，</li>
<li>spring推荐使用那种方式进行注入</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="1-Autowired作用">1. @Autowired作用</h2>
<ul>
<li>来源: Spring 框架自带的注解。</li>
<li>注入方式: 默认按类型（byType）注入。</li>
<li>使用场景: 通常用于注入 Spring 管理的 Bean。</li>
<li>特点:
<ul>
<li>
<mark class="hl-label orange">默认按类型匹配，如果找到多个相同类型的Bean，会按名称匹配。</mark>
</li>
<li>可以与 <code>@Qualifier</code> 注解结合使用，指定具体的 Bean 名称。</li>
<li>支持 <code>required</code> 属性，默认为 <code>true</code>，表示必须注入，如果找不到 Bean 会抛出异常。设置为 <code>false</code> 时，允许注入为 <code>null</code>。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-Resource作用">2. @Resource作用</h2>
<ul>
<li>来源: JSR-250 标准注解，属于 Java EE 规范，Spring 也支持。</li>
<li>注入方式: 默认按名称（byName）注入。</li>
<li>使用场景: 适用于需要按名称注入 Bean 的场景。</li>
<li>特点:
<ul>
<li>
<mark class="hl-label orange">默认按名称匹配，如果找不到指定名称的Bean，会回退到按类型匹配。</mark>
</li>
<li>可以通过 <code>name</code> 属性指定 Bean 的名称。</li>
<li>不支持 <code>required</code> 属性，如果找不到 Bean 会抛出异常。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-为什么IDEA使用-Autowried会有警告">3. 为什么IDEA使用@Autowried会有警告</h2>
<ul>
<li>首先这个警告只会在字段注入的时候提示</li>
</ul>
<details class="folding-tag" green><summary> 查看代码测试 </summary>
<div class='content'>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//提示警告⚠️</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">OperationController</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> CmdbProvider cmdbProvider;</span><br><span class="line"> 。。。。</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//这样就不会有警告（set之所以没有警告，是因为这样有其他应用场景，下面有解释）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">OperationController</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> CmdbProvider cmdbProvider;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setCmdbProvider</span><span class="params">(CmdbProvider cmdbProvider)</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">this</span>.cmdbProvider = cmdbProvider;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> 。。。。</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</div>
</details>
<div class="note success no-icon flat"><ul>
<li>因为@Autowired是spring提供的注解，而spring其实并不推荐这种注入方式，所以IDEA在检测代码规范时，如果是@Autowired就会使用spring的最佳实践来检查，所以才会有警告</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="4-Resource为什么没有警告">4. @Resource为什么没有警告</h2>
<ul>
<li>因为@Resource是java官方提供的注解，所以IDEA在检查@Resource时会使用java的标准去检查，所以没有警告</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="5-最后">5.最后</h2>
<div class="note success no-icon flat"><p>其实对于spring来说，他们既不推荐使用@Autowired，也不推荐使用@Resource进行字段的注入，而是更推荐使用<mark class="hl-label green">构造方法</mark> 进行注入</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>构造注入的优点</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>
<mark class="hl-label purple">依赖关系清晰</mark> ，可以在构造方法中看到所有依赖的其他类
</li>
<li>
<mark class="hl-label purple">方便测试</mark> 可以直接在调用构造方法时传入自己new出来的对象，如果是字段注入，需要启动整个spring容器才能进行代码的测试
</li>
<li>
<p>构造注入可以将字段用final修饰，可以作为一个常量，不会被恶意修改，<mark class="hl-label purple">更安全</mark> </p>
</li>
<li>
<mark class="hl-label purple">符合单一职责原则</mark> ，如果一个类中构造器参数过多，可能意味着这个类的职责过重，需要拆分
</li>
<li>
<mark class="hl-label purple">避免循环依赖</mark> ，如果存在循环依赖，项目启动会抛出异常（BeanCurrentlyInCreationException）
</li>
<li>
<p>spring官方推荐注入方法：<code>构造注入 > set注入（适合可选依赖或需要动态配置的场景） > 字段注入（不推荐）</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<details class="folding-tag" green><summary> 查看代码测试 </summary>
<div class='content'>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#⚠️简化版本要求spring版本大于<span class="number">4.2</span>，<span class="number">4.3</span>之后的版本spring增加了新特性，就是当一个类只有一个构造函数时，会自动注入</span><br><span class="line">#⚠️否则需要显示声明<span class="meta">@Autowired</span>注解才会注入</span><br><span class="line">#下面有spring和springboot版本对应关系</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#✅构造注入的简化版本</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Component</span></span><br><span class="line">#lombok自动生成构造方法</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">UserService</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> UserRepository userRepository;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#构造注入</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Component</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">UserService</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> UserRepository userRepository;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 推荐的做法，构造方法注入</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title function_">UserService</span><span class="params">(UserRepository userRepository)</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">this</span>.userRepository = userRepository;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">字段注入</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Component</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">UserService</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> UserRepository userRepository;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">doSomething</span><span class="params">()</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> userRepository.save(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">User</span>());</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Spring Boot 版本 Spring Framework 版本</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1.0</span>.x <span class="number">4.0</span>.x</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1.1</span>.x <span class="number">4.0</span>.x</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1.2</span>.x <span class="number">4.1</span>.x</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1.3</span>.x <span class="number">4.2</span>.x</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1.4</span>.x <span class="number">4.3</span>.x</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1.5</span>.x <span class="number">4.3</span>.x</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2.</span>X <span class="number">5.</span>X</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3.</span>x <span class="number">6.</span>x</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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class="toc-link" href="#1-Autowired%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. @Autowired作用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-Resource%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. @Resource作用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88IDEA%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-Autowried%E4%BC%9A%E6%9C%89%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. 为什么IDEA使用@Autowried会有警告</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-Resource%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">4. @Resource为什么没有警告</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span 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nickError: '昵称太短啦！至少得有3个字符才能算数哦！',
mail: '你的电子小信箱',
mailError: '哎呀，这不是一个合格的邮箱地址哦，请再检查一遍！',
link: '你有个酷酷的网址吗？',
optional: '这个嘛，想填就填，不填也行！',
placeholder: '吐槽一下？',
sofa: '来，坐沙发上，发表你的评论吧！',
submit: '一键发送，让世界听到你的声音！',
like: '点个赞，让TA知道你的心意！',
cancelLike: '哎呀，不小心点错了，取消赞！',
reply: '回复TA，开启一场对话吧！',
cancelReply: '等等，我话还没说完，取消回复！',
comment: '来，说说你的看法，让评论区热闹起来！',
refresh: '刷新一下，看看有啥新动态！',
more: '哇塞，还有更多精彩内容等你来加载！',
preview: '先睹为快，预览一下你的大作吧！',
emoji: '来，加点表情，让你的评论更生动！',
uploadImage: '上传你的美照，让大家一起欣赏！',
seconds: '刚刚才发的，新鲜出炉！',
minutes: '几分钟前，还热乎着呢！',
hours: '几小时前，热度还在哦！',
days: '几天前，但依旧值得一看！',
now: '哇塞，刚刚发的，快抢沙发！',
uploading: '稍等片刻，你的图片正在飞奔而来！',
login: '登录一下，解锁更多功能！',
logout: '拜拜了您嘞，下次再见！',
admin: '博主大人在此，谁敢造次！',
sticky: '置顶一下，让更多人看到你的精彩内容！',
word: '字',
wordHint: '评论字数要在0到1字之间哦！\n现在你已经写了$2个字了，加油！',
anonymous: '神秘人出没，猜猜是谁？',
level0: '潜水员，深藏不露！',
level1: '冒泡小能手，偶尔露个头！',
level2: '吐槽大师，一针见血！',
level3: '活跃分子，无处不在！',
level4: '话痨达人，说个不停！',
level5: '传说级大神，膜拜一下！',
gif: '动态表情包，让你的评论更有趣！',
gifSearchPlaceholder: '快来搜索你喜欢的表情包，让评论更生动！',
profile: '看看我的个人资料，了解一下我吧！',
approved: '审核通过，可以展示啦！',
waiting: '正在等待审核，别急哦！',
spam: '垃圾内容，走开走开！',
unsticky: '换个位置看看！',
oldest: '看看最早的评论！',
latest: '看看最新的动态！',
hottest: '看看哪条评论最火！',
reactionTitle: '快来对这篇文章发表你的看法吧，让博主知道你的想法！😜'
};
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reaction: true,
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