fix: reconcile FFI follow-up changes

[ShogunPanda]

Summary

• reapply Paolo's follow-up FFI work on top of the latest nodejs/node#62072 changes now present in cjihrig/node:ffi
• carry forward the raw memory, callback, permission, and build-system updates while keeping Colin's newer build/lint/test fixes
• add the extra FFI coverage for memory, callbacks, permissions, missing builds, process metadata, and the Windows fixture exports

Testing

• ninja -C out/Release node
• python3 tools/test.py --mode=release --repeat=1 test/ffi/test-ffi-calls test/ffi/test-ffi-dynamic-library test/ffi/test-ffi-memory test/ffi/test-ffi-module test/ffi/test-ffi-permission-allow-cli test/ffi/test-ffi-permission-audit test/ffi/test-ffi-permissions test/ffi/test-ffi-weakref-calls test/parallel/test-ffi-missing-build test/parallel/test-permission-warning-flags test/parallel/test-process-versions