WASM host execution for procedures (#3498)

# Description of Changes

This commit builds support for executing procedures in WASM modules.
This includes an HTTP endpoint,
`/v1/database/:name_or_address/procedure/:name POST`, as well as an
extension to the WS protocol. These new APIs are not wired up to the CLI
or SDKs, but I have manually tested the HTTP endpoint via `curl`. The
new WS extensions are completely untested.

Several TODOs are scattered throughout the new code, most notably for
sensibly tracking procedure execution time in the metrics.

I also expect that we will want to remove the `procedure_sleep_until`
syscall and the `ProcedureContext::sleep_until` method prior to release.

# API and ABI breaking changes

Adds new APIs and ABIs.

# Expected complexity level and risk

3? 4? Unlikely to break existing stuff, 'cause it's mostly additive, but
adds plenty of potentially-fragile new stuff. Notably is the first time
we're doing anything actually `async`hronous on a database core Tokio
worker, and we don't yet have strong evidence of how that will affect
reducer execution.

# Testing

- [x] Manually published `modules/module-test` and executed procedures
with the following `curl` invocations:
- `curl -X POST -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '[]'
http://localhost:3000/v1/database/module-test/procedure/sleep_one_second`
- `curl -X POST -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '[1223]'
http://localhost:3000/v1/database/module-test/procedure/return_value`
- [ ] Need to write automated tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: Mazdak Farrokhzad <twingoow@gmail.com>

Author: gefjon

crates/bindings-sys/src/lib.rs

@@ -645,6 +645,26 @@ pub mod raw {
         pub fn get_jwt(connection_id_ptr: *const u8, bytes_source_id: *mut BytesSource) -> u16;
     }
 
+    #[link(wasm_import_module = "spacetime_10.3")]
+    extern "C" {
+        /// Suspends execution of this WASM instance until approximately `wake_at_micros_since_unix_epoch`.
+        ///
+        /// Returns immediately if `wake_at_micros_since_unix_epoch` is in the past.
+        ///
+        /// Upon resuming, returns the current timestamp as microseconds since the Unix epoch.
+        ///
+        /// Not particularly useful, except for testing SpacetimeDB internals related to suspending procedure execution.
+        /// # Traps
+        ///
+        /// Traps if:
+        ///
+        /// - The calling WASM instance is holding open a transaction.
+        /// - The calling WASM instance is not executing a procedure.
+        // TODO(procedure-sleep-until): remove this
+        #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
+        pub fn procedure_sleep_until(wake_at_micros_since_unix_epoch: i64) -> i64;
+    }
+
     /// What strategy does the database index use?
     ///
     /// See also: <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html>
@@ -1222,7 +1242,10 @@ impl Drop for RowIter {
 pub mod procedure {
     //! Side-effecting or asynchronous operations which only procedures are allowed to perform.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn sleep_until(_wake_at_timestamp: i64) -> i64 {
-        todo!("Add `procedure_sleep_until` host function")
+    #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
+    pub fn sleep_until(wake_at_timestamp: i64) -> i64 {
+        // Safety: Just calling an `extern "C"` function.
+        // Nothing weird happening here.
+        unsafe { super::raw::procedure_sleep_until(wake_at_timestamp) }
     }
 }

crates/bindings/src/lib.rs

@@ -720,24 +720,9 @@ pub use spacetimedb_bindings_macro::reducer;
 /// Procedures are allowed to perform certain operations which take time.
 /// During the execution of these operations, the procedure's execution will be suspended,
 /// allowing other database operations to run in parallel.
-/// The simplest (and least useful) of these operators is [`ProcedureContext::sleep_until`].
 ///
 /// Procedures must not hold open a transaction while performing a blocking operation.
-///
-/// ```no_run
-/// # use std::time::Duration;
-/// # use spacetimedb::{procedure, ProcedureContext};
-/// #[procedure]
-/// fn sleep_one_second(ctx: &mut ProcedureContext) {
-///     let prev_time = ctx.timestamp;
-///     let target = prev_time + Duration::from_secs(1);
-///     ctx.sleep_until(target);
-///     let new_time = ctx.timestamp;
-///     let actual_delta = new_time.duration_since(prev_time).unwrap();
-///     log::info!("Slept from {prev_time} to {new_time}, a total of {actual_delta:?}");
-/// }
-/// ```
-// TODO(procedure-http): replace this example with an HTTP request.
+// TODO(procedure-http): add example with an HTTP request.
 // TODO(procedure-transaction): document obtaining and using a transaction within a procedure.
 ///
 /// # Scheduled procedures
@@ -1088,7 +1073,8 @@ impl ProcedureContext {
     /// log::info!("Slept from {prev_time} to {new_time}, a total of {actual_delta:?}");
     /// # }
     /// ```
-    // TODO(procedure-async): mark this method `async`.
+    // TODO(procedure-sleep-until): remove this method
+    #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
     pub fn sleep_until(&mut self, timestamp: Timestamp) {
         let new_time = sys::procedure::sleep_until(timestamp.to_micros_since_unix_epoch());
         let new_time = Timestamp::from_micros_since_unix_epoch(new_time);

crates/client-api-messages/src/websocket.rs

@@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ pub enum ClientMessage<Args> {
     /// Remove a subscription to a SQL query that was added with SubscribeSingle.
     Unsubscribe(Unsubscribe),
     UnsubscribeMulti(UnsubscribeMulti),
+    /// Request a procedure run.
+    CallProcedure(CallProcedure<Args>),
 }
 
 impl<Args> ClientMessage<Args> {
@@ -127,6 +129,17 @@ impl<Args> ClientMessage<Args> {
             ClientMessage::Subscribe(x) => ClientMessage::Subscribe(x),
             ClientMessage::SubscribeMulti(x) => ClientMessage::SubscribeMulti(x),
             ClientMessage::UnsubscribeMulti(x) => ClientMessage::UnsubscribeMulti(x),
+            ClientMessage::CallProcedure(CallProcedure {
+                procedure,
+                args,
+                request_id,
+                flags,
+            }) => ClientMessage::CallProcedure(CallProcedure {
+                procedure,
+                args: f(args),
+                request_id,
+                flags,
+            }),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -292,6 +305,40 @@ pub struct OneOffQuery {
     pub query_string: Box<str>,
 }
 
+#[derive(SpacetimeType)]
+#[sats(crate = spacetimedb_lib)]
+/// Request a procedure run.
+///
+/// Parametric over the argument type to enable [`ClientMessage::map_args`].
+pub struct CallProcedure<Args> {
+    /// The name of the procedure to call.
+    pub procedure: Box<str>,
+    /// The arguments to the procedure.
+    ///
+    /// In the wire format, this will be a [`Bytes`], BSATN or JSON encoded according to the reducer's argument schema
+    /// and the enclosing message format.
+    pub args: Args,
+    /// An identifier for a client request.
+    ///
+    /// The server will include the same ID in the response [`ProcedureResult`].
+    pub request_id: u32,
+    /// Reserved space for future extensions.
+    pub flags: CallProcedureFlags,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CallProcedureFlags {
+    #[default]
+    Default,
+}
+
+impl_st!([] CallProcedureFlags, AlgebraicType::U8);
+impl_serialize!([] CallProcedureFlags, (self, ser) => ser.serialize_u8(*self as u8));
+impl_deserialize!([] CallProcedureFlags, de => match de.deserialize_u8()? {
+    0 => Ok(Self::Default),
+    x => Err(D::Error::custom(format_args!("invalid call procedure flag {x}"))),
+});
+
 /// The tag recognized by the host and SDKs to mean no compression of a [`ServerMessage`].
 pub const SERVER_MSG_COMPRESSION_TAG_NONE: u8 = 0;
 
@@ -326,6 +373,8 @@ pub enum ServerMessage<F: WebsocketFormat> {
     SubscribeMultiApplied(SubscribeMultiApplied<F>),
     /// Sent in response to an `UnsubscribeMulti` message. This contains the matching rows.
     UnsubscribeMultiApplied(UnsubscribeMultiApplied<F>),
+    /// Sent in response to a [`CallProcedure`] message. This contains the return value.
+    ProcedureResult(ProcedureResult<F>),
 }
 
 /// The matching rows of a subscription query.
@@ -705,6 +754,48 @@ pub struct OneOffTable<F: WebsocketFormat> {
     pub rows: F::List,
 }
 
+/// The result of running a procedure,
+/// including the return value of the procedure on success.
+///
+/// Sent in response to a [`CallProcedure`] message.
+#[derive(SpacetimeType, Debug)]
+#[sats(crate = spacetimedb_lib)]
+pub struct ProcedureResult<F: WebsocketFormat> {
+    /// The status of the procedure run.
+    ///
+    /// Contains the return value if successful, or the error message if not.
+    pub status: ProcedureStatus<F>,
+    /// The time when the reducer started.
+    ///
+    /// Note that [`Timestamp`] serializes as `i64` nanoseconds since the Unix epoch.
+    pub timestamp: Timestamp,
+    /// The time the procedure took to run.
+    pub total_host_execution_duration: TimeDuration,
+    /// The same same client-provided identifier as in the original [`ProcedureCall`] request.
+    ///
+    /// Clients use this to correlate the response with the original request.
+    pub request_id: u32,
+}
+
+/// The status of a procedure call,
+/// including the return value on success.
+#[derive(SpacetimeType, Debug)]
+#[sats(crate = spacetimedb_lib)]
+pub enum ProcedureStatus<F: WebsocketFormat> {
+    /// The procedure ran and returned the enclosed value.
+    ///
+    /// All user error handling happens within here;
+    /// the returned value may be a `Result` or `Option`,
+    /// or any other type to which the user may ascribe arbitrary meaning.
+    Returned(F::Single),
+    /// The reducer was interrupted due to insufficient energy/funds.
+    ///
+    /// The procedure may have performed some observable side effects before being interrupted.
+    OutOfEnergy,
+    /// The call failed in the host, e.g. due to a type error or unknown procedure name.
+    InternalError(String),
+}
+
 /// Used whenever different formats need to coexist.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum FormatSwitch<B, J> {