colexecerror: allow-list vecindex packages for panic catching

Previously, panics originating from the vecindex packages were not in
the colexecerror allow-list, causing them to crash the server instead
of being returned as SQL errors. For example, a dimension mismatch
query against a vector index would bring down the node.

The vecindex search path does not manipulate shared state or hold
in-memory locks in production (it uses KV-layer locking via vecstore),
so it is safe to catch these panics. Caught panics are returned as
assertion errors with sentry reports, preserving bug visibility without
crashing the server.

Resolves: #146694
Epic: none

Release note: None

Co-Authored-By: roachdev-claude <roachdev-claude-bot@cockroachlabs.com>

Author: KAmbekar

pkg/sql/colexecerror/error.go

@@ -170,12 +170,13 @@ func CatchVectorizedRuntimeError(operation func()) (retErr error) {
 // Multiple actual packages can have the same prefix as a single constant string
 // defined below, but all of such packages are allowed to be caught from.
 const (
-	colPackagesPrefix      = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/col"
-	encodingPackagePrefix  = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/util/encoding"
-	execinfraPackagePrefix = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/execinfra"
-	sqlColPackagesPrefix   = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/col"
-	sqlRowPackagesPrefix   = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/row"
-	sqlSemPackagesPrefix   = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sem"
+	colPackagesPrefix        = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/col"
+	encodingPackagePrefix    = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/util/encoding"
+	execinfraPackagePrefix   = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/execinfra"
+	sqlColPackagesPrefix     = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/col"
+	sqlRowPackagesPrefix     = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/row"
+	sqlSemPackagesPrefix     = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sem"
+	sqlVecindexPackagePrefix = "github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/vecindex"
 	// When running BenchmarkCatchVectorizedRuntimeError under bazel, the
 	// repository prefix is missing.
 	testSqlColPackagesPrefix = "pkg/sql/col"
@@ -217,6 +218,7 @@ func shouldCatchPanic(panicEmittedFrom string) bool {
 		strings.HasPrefix(panicEmittedFrom, sqlColPackagesPrefix) ||
 		strings.HasPrefix(panicEmittedFrom, sqlRowPackagesPrefix) ||
 		strings.HasPrefix(panicEmittedFrom, sqlSemPackagesPrefix) ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(panicEmittedFrom, sqlVecindexPackagePrefix) ||
 		strings.HasPrefix(panicEmittedFrom, testSqlColPackagesPrefix)
 }