docs: add category badges from portal #5976

Job	Run time
Format check	49s
Unit tests (windows-latest)	2m 36s
Linter	5m 9s
Unit tests (ubuntu-latest)	1m 14s
Integration tests (ubuntu-latest)	1m 39s
Unit tests (macos-latest)	1m 13s
Integration tests (macos-latest)	1m 35s
E2E tests (windows-latest)	13m 53s
Integration tests (windows-latest)	3m 19s
E2E tests (macos-latest)	6m 56s
Build	1m 16s
E2E tests (ubuntu-latest)	6m 45s
	46m 24s

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