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Merge pull request #103 from code4policy/impact
impact change
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‎impacts.html‎

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<div class="method-banner">
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<button class="method-toggle" aria-expanded="false">What Are These Numbers? <span class="chev">▾</span></button>
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<div class="method-content" hidden>
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<h4>Terminology</h4>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><strong>Tipping Fee:</strong> The cost per ton that municipalities pay to dispose of trash at incineration or landfill facilities. Boston's tipping fee is $103.38 per ton.</li>
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<li><strong>Municipal Solid Waste:</strong> Trash and recyclables collected through Boston's municipal waste management program.</li>
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<li><strong>Household:</strong> A residential unit participating in Boston's municipal trash program. 322,000 households participated in 2024.</li>
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<li><strong>Tonnage:</strong> The total weight of trash disposed, measured in tons. Boston disposed of 186,305 tons in 2024, which converts to 372,610,000 pounds.</li>
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<li><strong>Average Reduction:</strong> How much trash 5 cities reduced per household after 5 years with PAYT = 0.260 tons per household.</li>
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<li><strong>Percent Reduction:</strong> How much less trash households threw away = 44.95%.</li>
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<li><strong>Projected Reduction:</strong> How much trash Boston could reduce if it does as well as other cities = 83,629.87 tons over 5 years.</li>
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</ul>
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<p style="margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px;">For more information on the methodology, visit the <a href="method.html">Methodology Tab</a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="impact-column">
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<div class="sectionbanner">With Pay as You Throw (by 2031):</div>
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Over 5 years since implementing Pay as You Throw, the 5 municipalities that introduced PAYT (for which we have data) reduced their solid waste disposal by an average of 0.2600936 tons per household. If Boston were to reduce its solid waste disposal by the same amount, over 5 years, each household would reduce their trash disposal from 0.57858695652 tons to 0.31849335652 tons per household, or a reduction of 44.95%.
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<p>Multiplying 0.2600936 tons by Boston's 322,000 participating households results in an estimated reduction of 83,629.87 tons of trash per household over 5 years, or 16,725.974 tons per household per year in Boston. At a tipping fee of $103.38 per ton, this reduction translates to an estimated savings of $8,646,580.35 over 5 years, or $1,729,131.19 annually.</p>
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<h4>Terminology</h4>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><strong>Per-Household Revenue:</strong> How much money each household generates through PAYT bag and tag sales in Malden.</li>
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<li><strong>Revenue Source:</strong> The different ways cities earn money from PAYT, like bag sales or trash tag sales.</li>
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<li><strong>Scaling:</strong> Using Malden's money per household to estimate how much Boston could earn.</li>
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<li><strong>Illustrative:</strong> This is an example calculation, not a prediction of what will actually happen.</li>
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</ul>
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<p style="margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px;">For more information on the methodology, visit the <a href="method.html">Methodology Tab</a>.</p>
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</div>
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<p style="margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px;">For more information on the methodology, visit the <a href="method.html">Methodology Tab</a>.</p>
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‎method.html‎

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<h1>Methodology</h1>
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<div class="sectionbanner">Boston in 2024</div>
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<h4>Terminology</h4>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><strong>Tipping Fee:</strong> The cost per ton that municipalities pay to dispose of trash at incineration or landfill facilities. Boston's tipping fee is $103.38 per ton.</li>
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<li><strong>Municipal Solid Waste:</strong> Trash and recyclables collected through Boston's municipal waste management program.</li>
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<li><strong>Household:</strong> A residential unit participating in Boston's municipal trash program. 322,000 households participated in 2024.</li>
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<li><strong>Tonnage:</strong> The total weight of trash disposed, measured in tons. Boston disposed of 186,305 tons in 2024, which converts to 372,610,000 pounds.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Formulas</h4>
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<ul style="padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><em>T</em> = Total tonnage disposed by Boston = 186,305 tons</li>
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<li><em>H</em> = Number of participating households = 322,000</li>
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<li><em>F</em> = Tipping fee per ton = $103.38</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Calculation</h4>
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<li><strong>Total pounds of trash:</strong> <em>T</em> × 2,000 lbs/ton = 186,305 × 2,000 = 372,610,000 pounds</li>
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<li><strong>Tons per household:</strong> <em>T</em> ÷ <em>H</em> = 186,305 ÷ 322,000 = 0.579 tons per household</li>
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<li><strong>Total incineration cost:</strong> <em>T</em> × <em>F</em> = 186,305 × $103.38 = $19,260,210.90</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="sectionbanner">With Pay as You Throw</div>
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<h4>Terminology</h4>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><strong>Average Reduction:</strong> How much trash 5 cities reduced per household after 5 years with PAYT = 0.260 tons per household.</li>
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<li><strong>Percent Reduction:</strong> How much less trash households threw away = 44.95%.</li>
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<li><strong>Projected Reduction:</strong> How much trash Boston could reduce if it does as well as other cities = 83,629.87 tons over 5 years.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Variables</h4>
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<ul style="padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><em>R</em> = Reduction per household = 0.260 tons</li>
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<li><em>H</em> = Boston households = 322,000</li>
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<li><em>F</em> = Cost per ton = $103.38</li>
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<li><em>T<sub>current</sub></em> = Trash per household now = 0.579 tons</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Calculations</h4>
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<ul style="padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
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<li><strong>Trash per household after PAYT:</strong> 0.579 - 0.260 = 0.319 tons</li>
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<li><strong>Percent reduction:</strong> (0.260 ÷ 0.579) × 100 = 44.95%</li>
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<li><strong>Total reduction in 5 years:</strong> 0.260 × 322,000 = 83,629.87 tons</li>
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<li><strong>Reduction per year:</strong> 83,629.87 ÷ 5 = 16,725.97 tons</li>
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<li><strong>Total savings in 5 years:</strong> 83,629.87 × $103.38 = $8,646,580.35</li>
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<li><strong>Savings per year:</strong> $8,646,580.35 ÷ 5 = $1,729,131.19</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="sectionbanner">Malden: A Case Study</div>
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<h4>Terminology</h4>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><strong>Per-Household Revenue:</strong> How much money each household generates through PAYT bag and tag sales in Malden.</li>
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<li><strong>Revenue Source:</strong> The different ways cities earn money from PAYT, like bag sales or trash tag sales.</li>
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<li><strong>Scaling:</strong> Using Malden's money per household to estimate how much Boston could earn.</li>
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<li><strong>Illustrative:</strong> This is an example calculation, not a prediction of what will actually happen.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Variables</h4>
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<ul style="padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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<li><em>M_rev</em> = Total money Malden makes from each PAYT source</li>
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<li><em>M_hh</em> = Number of Malden households</li>
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<li><em>B_hh</em> = Boston households = 272,500</li>
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<li><em>B_rev</em> = Money Boston could make from PAYT</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Calculations</h4>
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<li><strong>Step 1 - Malden's revenue per household:</strong> Divide Malden's total money by households.</li>
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<li><strong>Step 2 - Scale to Boston:</strong> Multiply Malden's per-household amount by 272,500.</li>
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<li><strong>Bag revenue example:</strong> $47.11 × 272,500 = $12,837,475</li>
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<li><strong>Tag revenue example:</strong> $31.26 × 272,500 = $8,518,760</li>
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<li><strong>Important note:</strong> This assumes Boston would work like Malden, which may not be true.</li>
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</ul>
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