perf: cache file reads and AST parses during discovery pass #358

Job	Run time
check-linked-issue	2s
determine-changes / detect	9s
type-check	22s
coverage	7m 41s
unit-tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.12)	6m 27s
unit-tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.9)	9m 21s
unit-tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.13)	7m 16s
unit-tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.10)	7m 39s
unit-tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.14)	6m 23s
e2e-java	-1s
unit-tests (windows-latest, 3.13)	9m 55s
e2e-python (bubble-sort-pytest-nogit, end_to_end_test_bubblesort_pytest.py, 70, true)	10m 37s
e2e-python (coverage-e2e, end_to_end_test_coverage.py, black)	4m 55s
e2e-python (futurehouse-structure, end_to_end_test_futurehouse.py, 5)	2m 41s
e2e-python (init-optimization, end_to_end_test_init_optimization.py, 10)	6m 43s
e2e-python (benchmark-bubble-sort, end_to_end_test_benchmark_sort.py, 5)	6m 22s
e2e-python (async-optimization, end_to_end_test_async.py, 10)	3m 33s
prek / prek	30s
e2e-python (bubble-sort-unittest, end_to_end_test_bubblesort_unittest.py, 40)	9m 35s
e2e-python (topological-sort, end_to_end_test_topological_sort_worktree.py, 5)	2m 51s
e2e-python (tracer-replay, end_to_end_test_tracer_replay.py, 10)	4m 50s
unit-tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.11)	7m 1s
e2e-js	-1s
required checks passed	4s
	1h 54m 55s

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