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‎README.md‎

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# bas2tap
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The utility to convert `BASIC in an ASCII file' to a TAP tape image file, to be loaded into an emulator. Comes complete with portable C source. With full syntax checking!
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BAS2TAP v2.6 (Release 20-01-2013)
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Copyleft (C) 1998-2013 Martijn van der Heide, ThunderWare Research Center.
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This program converts 'BASIC in an ASCII file' to a TAP tape image file, to be
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used in a ZX Spectrum emulator. Both 48K and 128K listings are supported.
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COPYLEFT AND DISCLAIMER
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-----------------------
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
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as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
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of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
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Remember you can always freely obtain the latest version from
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the utilities section of The World of Spectrum, at:
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http://www.worldofspectrum.org/utilities.html
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REVISION HISTORY
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----------------
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1.0 26-03-98: First public release
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1.1 01-04-98: Changes:
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- Added banner.
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- Switch -q does not suppress warnings, but progress indication.
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- Added switch -w to suppress warnings.
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- Added switch -e on popular demand.
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- Empty lines are skipped and only generate a warning.
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- Lines with only a line number generate an error.
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- Numbers can also start with a decimal point (eg. '.5').
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- Lines no longer require an end-of-line terminator.
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- In-line sequence expansions also remove any trailing
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spaces unless it was between quotes.
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- The created TAP is made valid (although incomplete) if an error
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occurs, unless it was a write error.
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1.2 11-12-98: Changes:
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- Block graphics were encoded rotated by 1.
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- Added full syntax checking, and
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- Added switch -n to disable the syntax checking again.
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- Added expansion sequences '{CAT}' and '{CODE}' with the sole
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purpose of being used as channel name in the OPEN # command.
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- Changed the distribution policy from freeware to Open Source
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Software.
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1.3 04-01-99: Changes:
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- Spaces after strings are now skipped (they are not needed).
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- The 'CLS #' command does exist on the Interface 1 after all.
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- Exponential numbers were raised the wrong way around
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(eg. 25e3 became 0.025 and 25e-3 became 25000). Oooops....
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1.4 17-05-99: Changes:
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- UDGs used as 'USR "x"' would result in a crash due to 2
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bad pointers.
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- Complex expressions between brackets as parameter to other
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expression types (eg. ATTR or string slicing) would screw
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up the evaluation.
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- The 'CLS #' command was flagged as being Interface 1
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specific in the previous version rather than either
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Interface 1 or Opus Discovery (aaargh!)
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1.5 19-05-99: Changes:
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- The 'DIM' command's syntax description was incorrect, so the
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checker didn't like the variable name before the opening
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bracket.
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1.6 23-06-99: Changes:
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- Several problems with array indices!
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- The 'USR' token only accepted a numerical operand. An
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exception was made for UDG expressions '"x"' but constructions
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like 'USR CHR$ a' didn't work.
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1.7 02-11-99: Changes:
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- The DEF FN function requires insertion of evaluation room.
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1.8 09-11-00: Changes:
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- The DEF FN function only requires insertion of evaluation room
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in the parameter area before the '=' token.
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Any bracketed argument would upset the parser.
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1.9 08-12-01: Changes:
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- Forgot to skip the ';' colour token separator in class 9.
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- REM statements should be parsed as-is (except for expansion
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sequences), without taking out multiple spaces or counting
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quotes.
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2.0 11-12-02: Changes:
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- SAVE/LOAD/VERIFY/MERGE DATA didn't work, as the DATA token was
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set to be allowed as keyword only.
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- ERASE ! didn't work, as ERASE was only allowed from the "m"
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channel.
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2.1 22-12-02: Changes:
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- Any alphanumerical expression can be sliced, not only
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variables and direct strings.
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- If the output filename provided on the command line had the
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extension '.TAP', it shouldn't be forced to '.tap'.
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2.2 13-06-03: Changes:
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- Expand sequences PAPER and INK had their codes reversed.
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- Expand sequences BRIGHT and FLASH had their codes reversed.
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- Expand sequences INVERSE and OVER had their codes reversed.
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- Expand sequences {XX} didn't work (missing pointer advance).
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- Expand sequences AT and TAB didn't work and threw a
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warning instead (missing pointer advance).
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2.3 05-07-04: Changes:
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- LET is allowed to write to a substring.
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2.4 24-07-05: Changes:
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- BIN is a number format, not an expression token.
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2.5 06-06-10: Changes:
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- Functions would take "the rest of the expression" as argument
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rather than just the next value.
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- Stronger enforcement of separator tokens (;,') in a PRINT
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statement.
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- The use of 'TO' in string arrays was not accepted.
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2.6 20-01-13: Changes:
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- The PLAY command was not parsed properly.
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SYNTAX
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------
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BAS2TAP [-q] [-w] [-e] [-c] [-aX] [-sX] FileIn [FileOut]
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-q goes into quiet mode, suppressing banner and progress indication.
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-w suppress generation of warnings.
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-e write errors to the stdout in stead of the stderr stream.
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-c makes token matching case independant. The drawback is that variables that
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have the same name as a token (eg. 'print') cannot be used, as they will be
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treated as (unexpected) tokens.
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-n disables syntax checking.
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-aX sets the auto-start line to line X.
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-sX sets the TAP block name to X (max 10 characters).
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If no output filename is provided, the same name as the input file will be
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used, but with extension `.TAP'.
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THE CONVERTOR
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-------------
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The following rules apply:
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1. One BASIC line must be provided in one ASCII line.
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2. Keywords must appear in upper case (unless switch -c is used).
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3. Keywords that consist of multiple words (eg. `GO TO') must have the space
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in between the words.
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4. Spaces between words are not needed, unless this leads to concatenation
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problems - eg. `PRINTVAL"10"' must appear as `PRINT VAL"10"', while
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`PRINT10' is perfectly acceptable.
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5. Syntax is fully checked according to
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- the normal Spectrum ROM,
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- Interface 1/Microdrive extension,
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- Opus Discovery extension.
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The following sequences are expanded in-line:
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Chars Expand to
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tab character 06 ("print '")
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{XX} XX is 2-digit hex, converts to the Spectrum ASCII value
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{(C)} character 7F (copyright sign)
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{-X} X is 1-8, characters 80-87 (block graphics without shift)
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{+X} X is 1-8, characters 88-8F (block graphics with shift)
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{X} X is `A'-`U', converts to the UDG Spectrum ASCII value
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{CODE} character AF ('CODE')
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{CAT} character CF ('CAT')
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Special sequences are (case independant) PAPER, INK, BRIGHT, FLASH, OVER,
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INVERSE, AT and TAB control sequences. They may appear as "{PAPER 3}" to convert
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to the sequence 0x10,0x03. Note that both AT and TAB take 2 operands, which
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should be seperated by a comma (eg. "{AT 1,10}").
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Notice that these expansions are identical to what SGD and TAPER create when
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saving out BASIC blocks.
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RECOMPILING THE SOURCE
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----------------------
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The source is provided in (almost) fully portable ANSI C, the source text is
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written in 132 columns.
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If you wish to experiment with different syntax (eg. for a DISCiPLE), you may
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find it useful to set the `__DEBUG__' define.
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If you make any fundamental change to the source, you are requested - but not
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obligated - to send the changed source back to me, so that everyone can benefit
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from it. My e-mail address is `mheide@worldofspectrum.org'
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Enjoy!
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Martijn van der Heide
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ThunderWare Research Center

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