diff --git a/cmd/convertor/builder/builder.go b/cmd/convertor/builder/builder.go
index 3c59359c..39e06477 100644
--- a/cmd/convertor/builder/builder.go
+++ b/cmd/convertor/builder/builder.go
@@ -91,6 +91,20 @@ type graphBuilder struct {
 	id        atomic.Int32
 }
 
+const (
+	attestationManifestAnnotation = "vnd.docker.reference.type"
+	attestationManifestType       = "attestation-manifest"
+)
+
+// isAttestationManifest reports whether desc is a BuildKit attestation manifest
+// (provenance/SBOM). Detection uses only the explicit
+// vnd.docker.reference.type=attestation-manifest annotation: the accompanying
+// unknown/unknown platform is a BuildKit convention shared by other artifacts,
+// so it is not a reliable identifier on its own.
+func isAttestationManifest(desc v1.Descriptor) bool {
+	return desc.Annotations[attestationManifestAnnotation] == attestationManifestType
+}
+
 func (b *graphBuilder) Build(ctx context.Context) error {
 	fetcher, err := b.Resolver.Fetcher(ctx, b.Ref)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -150,6 +164,17 @@ func (b *graphBuilder) process(ctx context.Context, src v1.Descriptor, tag bool)
 		for _i, _m := range index.Manifests {
 			i := _i
 			m := _m
+			if isAttestationManifest(m) {
+				// BuildKit attestation manifests (provenance/SBOM) carry no
+				// rootfs layers and reference a source platform manifest by
+				// digest (vnd.docker.reference.digest). That digest changes on
+				// conversion, so the attestation cannot be re-associated and
+				// converting its zero-layer manifest panics. Drop it from the
+				// converted index (with a warning) rather than emitting a stale
+				// reference.
+				log.G(ctx).Warnf("skipping attestation manifest %s: cannot be re-associated after conversion", m.Digest)
+				continue
+			}
 			wg.Add(1)
 			b.group.Go(func() error {
 				defer wg.Done()
@@ -166,6 +191,16 @@ func (b *graphBuilder) process(ctx context.Context, src v1.Descriptor, tag bool)
 			return v1.Descriptor{}, ctx.Err()
 		}
 
+		// Drop attestation manifests from the converted index: their
+		// source-digest references no longer point at an image in the index.
+		filtered := index.Manifests[:0]
+		for _, m := range index.Manifests {
+			if !isAttestationManifest(m) {
+				filtered = append(filtered, m)
+			}
+		}
+		index.Manifests = filtered
+
 		// upload index
 		if b.Referrer {
 			index.ArtifactType = b.Engine.ArtifactType()
diff --git a/cmd/convertor/builder/builder_attestation_test.go b/cmd/convertor/builder/builder_attestation_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4dd154cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/convertor/builder/builder_attestation_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+   Copyright The Accelerated Container Image Authors
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package builder
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+)
+
+func TestIsAttestationManifest(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		desc v1.Descriptor
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "attestation annotation",
+			desc: v1.Descriptor{
+				Annotations: map[string]string{
+					"vnd.docker.reference.type": "attestation-manifest",
+				},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "attestation annotation with unknown platform",
+			desc: v1.Descriptor{
+				Annotations: map[string]string{
+					"vnd.docker.reference.type": "attestation-manifest",
+				},
+				Platform: &v1.Platform{OS: "unknown", Architecture: "unknown"},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unknown platform without attestation annotation is not an attestation",
+			desc: v1.Descriptor{
+				Platform: &v1.Platform{OS: "unknown", Architecture: "unknown"},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "normal image manifest",
+			desc: v1.Descriptor{
+				Platform: &v1.Platform{OS: "linux", Architecture: "amd64"},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "descriptor without attestation metadata",
+			desc: v1.Descriptor{},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isAttestationManifest(tt.desc); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("isAttestationManifest() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}