[3.13] pythongh-152235: Defer GC tracking of set and frozenset to end of construction (pythongh-152237)

(cherry picked from commit 908f438)

Co-authored-by: Donghee Na <donghee.na@python.org>

Author: corona10

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-06-26-05-49-13.gh-issue-152235.YU20T9.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Defer GC tracking of a :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset` to the end of its
+construction from iterable. Patch by Donghee Na.

Objects/setobject.c

@@ -1086,7 +1086,9 @@ make_new_set(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *iterable)
     assert(PyType_Check(type));
     PySetObject *so;
 
-    so = (PySetObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    // Allocate untracked: the fill below runs user code, and a half-built
+    // set must not be reachable from another thread via gc.get_objects().
+    so = (PySetObject *)_PyType_AllocNoTrack(type, 0);
     if (so == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
@@ -1105,6 +1107,8 @@ make_new_set(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *iterable)
         }
     }
 
+    // Track only once fully built.
+    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(so);
     return (PyObject *)so;
 }
 
@@ -2499,7 +2503,7 @@ PyTypeObject PySet_Type = {
     0,                                  /* tp_descr_set */
     0,                                  /* tp_dictoffset */
     (initproc)set_init,                 /* tp_init */
-    PyType_GenericAlloc,                /* tp_alloc */
+    _PyType_AllocNoTrack,               /* tp_alloc */
     set_new,                            /* tp_new */
     PyObject_GC_Del,                    /* tp_free */
     .tp_vectorcall = set_vectorcall,
@@ -2590,7 +2594,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyFrozenSet_Type = {
     0,                                  /* tp_descr_set */
     0,                                  /* tp_dictoffset */
     0,                                  /* tp_init */
-    PyType_GenericAlloc,                /* tp_alloc */
+    _PyType_AllocNoTrack,               /* tp_alloc */
     frozenset_new,                      /* tp_new */
     PyObject_GC_Del,                    /* tp_free */
     .tp_vectorcall = frozenset_vectorcall,