Fix #13812 value potentially truncated in ValueFlowAnalyzer::evaluteInt() #19511

Job	Run time
build_make (alpine:3.23)	6m 5s
build_cmake (ubuntu:24.04, true, true)	3m 11s
build_make (ubuntu:25.10)	5m 4s
build_make (ubuntu:24.04)	2m 59s
build_cmake (alpine:3.23, false, false)	3m 59s
build_cmake (ubuntu:25.10, true, true)	3m 8s
	24m 26s

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