net/sched: sch_cake: Fix incorrect qlen reduction in cake_drop

jira VULN-187517
cve CVE-2025-68325
commit-author Xiang Mei <xmei5@asu.edu>
commit 9fefc78

In cake_drop(), qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() is used to update the qlen
and backlog of the qdisc hierarchy. Its caller, cake_enqueue(), assumes
that the parent qdisc will enqueue the current packet. However, this
assumption breaks when cake_enqueue() returns NET_XMIT_CN: the parent
qdisc stops enqueuing current packet, leaving the tree qlen/backlog
accounting inconsistent. This mismatch can lead to a NULL dereference
(e.g., when the parent Qdisc is qfq_qdisc).

This patch computes the qlen/backlog delta in a more robust way by
observing the difference before and after the series of cake_drop()
calls, and then compensates the qdisc tree accounting if cake_enqueue()
returns NET_XMIT_CN.

To ensure correct compensation when ACK thinning is enabled, a new
variable is introduced to keep qlen unchanged.

Fixes: 15de71d ("net/sched: Make cake_enqueue return NET_XMIT_CN when past buffer_limit")
	Signed-off-by: Xiang Mei <xmei5@asu.edu>
	Reviewed-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251128001415.377823-1-xmei5@asu.edu
	Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>

(cherry picked from commit 9fefc78)
	Signed-off-by: Roxana Nicolescu <rnicolescu@ciq.com>

Author: roxanan1996

net/sched/sch_cake.c

@@ -1548,7 +1548,6 @@ static unsigned int cake_drop(struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff **to_free)
 
 	__qdisc_drop(skb, to_free);
 	sch->q.qlen--;
-	qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, 1, len);
 
 	cake_heapify(q, 0);
 
@@ -1694,14 +1693,14 @@ static void cake_reconfigure(struct Qdisc *sch);
 static s32 cake_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
 			struct sk_buff **to_free)
 {
+	u32 idx, tin, prev_qlen, prev_backlog, drop_id;
 	struct cake_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
-	int len = qdisc_pkt_len(skb);
-	int ret;
+	int len = qdisc_pkt_len(skb), ret;
 	struct sk_buff *ack = NULL;
 	ktime_t now = ktime_get();
 	struct cake_tin_data *b;
 	struct cake_flow *flow;
-	u32 idx, tin;
+	bool same_flow = false;
 
 	/* choose flow to insert into */
 	idx = cake_classify(sch, &b, skb, q->flow_mode, &ret);
@@ -1774,6 +1773,8 @@ static s32 cake_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
 		consume_skb(skb);
 	} else {
 		/* not splitting */
+		int ack_pkt_len = 0;
+
 		cobalt_set_enqueue_time(skb, now);
 		get_cobalt_cb(skb)->adjusted_len = cake_overhead(q, skb);
 		flow_queue_add(flow, skb);
@@ -1784,13 +1785,13 @@ static s32 cake_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
 		if (ack) {
 			b->ack_drops++;
 			sch->qstats.drops++;
-			b->bytes += qdisc_pkt_len(ack);
-			len -= qdisc_pkt_len(ack);
+			ack_pkt_len = qdisc_pkt_len(ack);
+			b->bytes += ack_pkt_len;
 			q->buffer_used += skb->truesize - ack->truesize;
 			if (q->rate_flags & CAKE_FLAG_INGRESS)
 				cake_advance_shaper(q, b, ack, now, true);
 
-			qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, 1, qdisc_pkt_len(ack));
+			qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, 1, ack_pkt_len);
 			consume_skb(ack);
 		} else {
 			sch->q.qlen++;
@@ -1799,11 +1800,11 @@ static s32 cake_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
 
 		/* stats */
 		b->packets++;
-		b->bytes	    += len;
-		b->backlogs[idx]    += len;
-		b->tin_backlog      += len;
-		sch->qstats.backlog += len;
-		q->avg_window_bytes += len;
+		b->bytes	    += len - ack_pkt_len;
+		b->backlogs[idx]    += len - ack_pkt_len;
+		b->tin_backlog      += len - ack_pkt_len;
+		sch->qstats.backlog += len - ack_pkt_len;
+		q->avg_window_bytes += len - ack_pkt_len;
 	}
 
 	if (q->overflow_timeout)
@@ -1896,24 +1897,29 @@ static s32 cake_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
 	if (q->buffer_used > q->buffer_max_used)
 		q->buffer_max_used = q->buffer_used;
 
-	if (q->buffer_used > q->buffer_limit) {
-		bool same_flow = false;
-		u32 dropped = 0;
-		u32 drop_id;
+	if (q->buffer_used <= q->buffer_limit)
+		return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS;
 
-		while (q->buffer_used > q->buffer_limit) {
-			dropped++;
-			drop_id = cake_drop(sch, to_free);
+	prev_qlen = sch->q.qlen;
+	prev_backlog = sch->qstats.backlog;
 
-			if ((drop_id >> 16) == tin &&
-			    (drop_id & 0xFFFF) == idx)
-				same_flow = true;
-		}
-		b->drop_overlimit += dropped;
+	while (q->buffer_used > q->buffer_limit) {
+		drop_id = cake_drop(sch, to_free);
+		if ((drop_id >> 16) == tin &&
+		    (drop_id & 0xFFFF) == idx)
+			same_flow = true;
+	}
+
+	prev_qlen -= sch->q.qlen;
+	prev_backlog -= sch->qstats.backlog;
+	b->drop_overlimit += prev_qlen;
 
-		if (same_flow)
-			return NET_XMIT_CN;
+	if (same_flow) {
+		qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, prev_qlen - 1,
+					  prev_backlog - len);
+		return NET_XMIT_CN;
 	}
+	qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, prev_qlen, prev_backlog);
 	return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS;
 }