Test_Memory2D{T}.cs

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace CommunityToolkit.HighPerformance.UnitTests;

[TestClass]
public class Test_Memory2DT
{
    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Empty()
    {
        // Create a few empty Memory2D<T> instances in different ways and
        // check to ensure the right parameters were used to initialize them.
        Memory2D<int> empty1 = default;

        Assert.IsTrue(empty1.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty1.Length, 0);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty1.Width, 0);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty1.Height, 0);

        Memory2D<string> empty2 = Memory2D<string>.Empty;

        Assert.IsTrue(empty2.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty2.Length, 0);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty2.Width, 0);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty2.Height, 0);

        Memory2D<int> empty3 = new int[4, 0];

        Assert.IsTrue(empty3.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty3.Length, 0);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty3.Width, 0);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty3.Height, 4);

        Memory2D<int> empty4 = new int[0, 7];

        Assert.IsTrue(empty4.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty4.Length, 0);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty4.Width, 7);
        Assert.AreEqual(empty4.Height, 0);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Array1DConstructor()
    {
        int[] array =
        {
            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
        };

        // Create a memory over a 1D array with 2D data in row-major order. This tests
        // the T[] array constructor for Memory2D<T> with custom size and pitch.
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 1, 2, 2, 1);

        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Length, 4);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[0, 0], 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[1, 1], 6);

        // Also ensure the right exceptions are thrown with invalid parameters, such as
        // negative indices, indices out of range, values that are too big, etc.
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArrayTypeMismatchException>(() => new Memory2D<object>(new string[1], 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, -99, 1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, -10, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 1, 1, -1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 1, -100, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 2, 4, 0));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 3, 3, 0));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 1, 2, 3, 0));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 10, 1, 120));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Array2DConstructor_1()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        // Test the constructor taking a T[,] array that is mapped directly (no slicing)
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Length, 6);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Width, 3);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[0, 1], 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[1, 2], 6);

        // Here we test the check for covariance: we can't create a Memory2D<T> from a U[,] array
        // where U is assignable to T (as in, U : T). This would cause a type safety violation on write.
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArrayTypeMismatchException>(() => new Memory2D<object>(new string[1, 2]));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Array2DConstructor_2()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        // Same as above, but this time we also slice the memory to test the other constructor
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 0, 1, 2, 2);

        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Length, 4);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[0, 0], 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[1, 1], 6);

        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArrayTypeMismatchException>(() => new Memory2D<object>(new string[1, 2], 0, 0, 2, 2));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Array3DConstructor_1()
    {
        int[,,] array =
        {
            {
                { 1, 2, 3 },
                { 4, 5, 6 }
            },
            {
                { 10, 20, 30 },
                { 40, 50, 60 }
            }
        };

        // Same as above, but we test the constructor taking a layer within a 3D array
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 1);

        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Length, 6);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Width, 3);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[0, 1], 20);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[1, 2], 60);

        // A couple of tests for invalid parameters, ie. layers out of range
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, -1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 2));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 20));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Array3DConstructor_2()
    {
        int[,,] array =
        {
            {
                { 1, 2, 3 },
                { 4, 5, 6 }
            },
            {
                { 10, 20, 30 },
                { 40, 50, 60 }
            }
        };

        // Same as above, but we also slice the target layer in the 3D array. In this case we're creating
        // a Memory<int> instance from a slice in the layer at depth 1 in our 3D array, and with an area
        // starting at coordinates (0, 1), with a height of 2 and width of 2. So we want to wrap the
        // square with items [20, 30, 50, 60] in the second layer of the 3D array above.
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2);

        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Length, 4);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[0, 0], 20);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[1, 1], 60);

        // Same as above, testing a few cases with invalid parameters
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 2, 0, 0, 2, 3));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 0, 0, 2, 4));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3));
    }

#if NETCOREAPP
    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_MemoryConstructor()
    {
        Memory<int> memory = new[]
        {
            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
        };

        // We also test the constructor that takes an input Memory<T> instance.
        // This is only available on runtimes with fast Span<T> support, as otherwise
        // the implementation would be too complex and slow to work in this case.
        // Conceptually, this works the same as when wrapping a 1D array with row-major items.
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = memory.AsMemory2D(1, 2, 2, 1);

        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.IsEmpty);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Length, 4);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[0, 0], 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory2d.Span[1, 1], 6);

        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(-99, 1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(0, -10, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(0, 1, 1, -1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(0, 1, -100, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(0, 2, 4, 0));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(0, 3, 3, 0));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(1, 2, 3, 0));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => memory.AsMemory2D(0, 10, 1, 120));
    }
#endif

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Slice_1()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        // Test a slice from a Memory2D<T> with valid parameters
        Memory2D<int> slice1 = memory2d.Slice(1, 1, 1, 2);

        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Length, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Height, 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Span[0, 0], 5);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Span[0, 1], 6);

        // Same above, but we test slicing a pre-sliced instance as well. This
        // is done to verify that the internal offsets are properly tracked
        // across multiple slicing operations, instead of just in the first.
        Memory2D<int> slice2 = memory2d.Slice(0, 1, 2, 2);

        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Length, 4);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Span[0, 0], 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Span[1, 0], 5);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Span[1, 1], 6);

        // A few invalid slicing operations, with out of range parameters
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(-1, 1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(1, -1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(1, 1, 1, -1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(1, 1, -1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(10, 1, 1, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(1, 12, 1, 12));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(1, 1, 55, 1));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(0, 0, 2, 4));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(0, 0, 3, 3));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(0, 1, 2, 3));
        _ = Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new Memory2D<int>(array).Slice(1, 0, 2, 3));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Slice_2()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        // Mostly the same test as above, just with different parameters
        Memory2D<int> slice1 = memory2d.Slice(0, 0, 2, 2);

        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Length, 4);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Height, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Span[0, 0], 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice1.Span[1, 1], 5);

        Memory2D<int> slice2 = slice1.Slice(1, 0, 1, 2);

        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Length, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Height, 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Width, 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Span[0, 0], 4);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice2.Span[0, 1], 5);

        Memory2D<int> slice3 = slice2.Slice(0, 1, 1, 1);

        Assert.AreEqual(slice3.Length, 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice3.Height, 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice3.Width, 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(slice3.Span[0, 0], 5);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_TryGetMemory_1()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        // Here we test that we can get a Memory<T> from a 2D one when the underlying
        // data is contiguous. Note that in this case this can only work on runtimes
        // with fast Span<T> support, because otherwise it's not possible to get a
        // Memory<T> (or a Span<T> too, for that matter) from a 2D array.
        bool success = memory2d.TryGetMemory(out Memory<int> memory);

#if NETFRAMEWORK
        Assert.IsFalse(success);
        Assert.IsTrue(memory.IsEmpty);
#else
        Assert.IsTrue(success);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory.Length, array.Length);
        Assert.IsTrue(Unsafe.AreSame(ref array[0, 0], ref memory.Span[0]));
#endif
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_TryGetMemory_2()
    {
        int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };

        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 2, 2);

        // Same test as above, but this will always succeed on all runtimes,
        // as creating a Memory<T> from a 1D array is always supported.
        bool success = memory2d.TryGetMemory(out Memory<int> memory);

        Assert.IsTrue(success);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory.Length, array.Length);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory.Span[2], 3);
    }

#if NETCOREAPP
    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_TryGetMemory_3()
    {
        Memory<int> data = new[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };

        Memory2D<int> memory2d = data.AsMemory2D(2, 2);

        // Same as above, just with the extra Memory<T> indirection. Same as above,
        // this test is only supported on runtimes with fast Span<T> support.
        // On others, we just don't expose the Memory<T>.AsMemory2D extension.
        bool success = memory2d.TryGetMemory(out Memory<int> memory);

        Assert.IsTrue(success);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory.Length, data.Length);
        Assert.AreEqual(memory.Span[2], 3);
    }
#endif

    [TestMethod]
    public unsafe void Test_Memory2DT_Pin_1()
    {
        int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };

        // We create a Memory2D<T> from an array and verify that pinning this
        // instance correctly returns a pointer to the right array element.
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 2, 2);

        using System.Buffers.MemoryHandle pin = memory2d.Pin();

        Assert.AreEqual(((int*)pin.Pointer)[0], 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(((int*)pin.Pointer)[3], 4);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public unsafe void Test_Memory2DT_Pin_2()
    {
        int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };

        // Same as above, but we test with a sliced Memory2D<T> instance
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 2, 2);

        using System.Buffers.MemoryHandle pin = memory2d.Pin();

        Assert.AreEqual(((int*)pin.Pointer)[0], 1);
        Assert.AreEqual(((int*)pin.Pointer)[3], 4);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_ToArray_1()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        // Here we create a Memory2D<T> instance from a 2D array and then verify that
        // calling ToArray() creates an array that matches the contents of the first.
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        int[,] copy = memory2d.ToArray();

        Assert.AreEqual(copy.GetLength(0), array.GetLength(0));
        Assert.AreEqual(copy.GetLength(1), array.GetLength(1));

        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(array, copy);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_ToArray_2()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        // Same as above, but with a sliced Memory2D<T> instance
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array, 0, 0, 2, 2);

        int[,] copy = memory2d.ToArray();

        Assert.AreEqual(copy.GetLength(0), 2);
        Assert.AreEqual(copy.GetLength(1), 2);

        int[,] expected =
        {
            { 1, 2 },
            { 4, 5 }
        };

        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected, copy);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_Equals()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        // Here we want to verify that the Memory2D<T>.Equals method works correctly. This is true
        // when the wrapped instance is the same, and the various internal offsets and sizes match.
        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.Equals(null));
        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.Equals(new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 1, 2, 2)));
        Assert.IsTrue(memory2d.Equals(new Memory2D<int>(array)));
        Assert.IsTrue(memory2d.Equals(memory2d));

        // This should work also when casting to a ReadOnlyMemory2D<T> instance
        ReadOnlyMemory2D<int> readOnlyMemory2d = memory2d;

        Assert.IsTrue(memory2d.Equals(readOnlyMemory2d));
        Assert.IsFalse(memory2d.Equals(readOnlyMemory2d.Slice(0, 1, 2, 2)));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_GetHashCode()
    {
        // An empty Memory2D<T> has just 0 as the hashcode
        Assert.AreEqual(Memory2D<int>.Empty.GetHashCode(), 0);

        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        // Ensure that the GetHashCode method is repeatable
        int a = memory2d.GetHashCode();
        int b = memory2d.GetHashCode();

        Assert.AreEqual(a, b);

        // The hashcode shouldn't match when the size is different
        int c = new Memory2D<int>(array, 0, 1, 2, 2).GetHashCode();

        Assert.AreNotEqual(a, c);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Test_Memory2DT_ToString()
    {
        int[,] array =
        {
            { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 }
        };

        Memory2D<int> memory2d = new(array);

        // Here we just want to verify that the type is nicely printed as expected, along with the size
        string text = memory2d.ToString();

        const string expected = "CommunityToolkit.HighPerformance.Memory2D<System.Int32>[2, 3]";

        Assert.AreEqual(text, expected);
    }
}