docs: Add Geography functions doc (#3076)

* docs: Add Geography functions doc

* fix

Author: b41sh

docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/09-geospatial-functions/index.md

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Databend ships with two complementary sets of geospatial capabilities: PostGIS-s
 | Function | Description | Example |
 |----------|-------------|---------|
 | [ST_MAKEGEOMPOINT](st-makegeompoint.md) / [ST_GEOM_POINT](st-geom-point.md) | Construct a Point geometry | `ST_MAKEGEOMPOINT(-122.35, 37.55)` → `POINT(-122.35 37.55)` |
+| [ST_MAKEPOINT](st-makepoint.md) / [ST_POINT](st-point.md) | Construct a Point geography | `ST_MAKEPOINT(-122.35, 37.55)` → `POINT(-122.35 37.55)` |
 | [ST_MAKELINE](st-makeline.md) / [ST_MAKE_LINE](st-make-line.md) | Create a LineString from points | `ST_MAKELINE(ST_MAKEGEOMPOINT(-122.35, 37.55), ST_MAKEGEOMPOINT(-122.40, 37.60))` → `LINESTRING(-122.35 37.55, -122.40 37.60)` |
 | [ST_MAKEPOLYGON](st-makepolygon.md) | Create a Polygon from a closed LineString | `ST_MAKEPOLYGON(ST_MAKELINE(...))` → `POLYGON(...)` |
 | [ST_POLYGON](st-polygon.md) | Create a Polygon from coordinate rings | `ST_POLYGON(...)` → `POLYGON(...)` |
@@ -21,9 +22,14 @@ Databend ships with two complementary sets of geospatial capabilities: PostGIS-s
 | [ST_GEOMETRYFROMWKB](st-geometryfromwkb.md) / [ST_GEOMFROMWKB](st-geomfromwkb.md) | Convert WKB to geometry | `ST_GEOMETRYFROMWKB(...)` → `POINT(...)` |
 | [ST_GEOMETRYFROMEWKT](st-geometryfromewkt.md) / [ST_GEOMFROMEWKT](st-geomfromewkt.md) | Convert EWKT to geometry | `ST_GEOMETRYFROMEWKT('SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55)')` → `POINT(-122.35 37.55)` |
 | [ST_GEOMETRYFROMEWKB](st-geometryfromewkb.md) / [ST_GEOMFROMEWKB](st-geomfromewkb.md) | Convert EWKB to geometry | `ST_GEOMETRYFROMEWKB(...)` → `POINT(...)` |
+| [ST_GEOGRAPHYFROMWKT](st-geographyfromwkt.md) / [ST_GEOGFROMWKT](st-geogfromwkt.md) | Convert WKT/EWKT to geography | `ST_GEOGRAPHYFROMWKT('POINT(-122.35 37.55)')` → `POINT(-122.35 37.55)` |
+| [ST_GEOGRAPHYFROMWKB](st-geographyfromwkb.md) / [ST_GEOGFROMWKB](st-geogfromwkb.md) | Convert WKB/EWKB to geography | `ST_GEOGRAPHYFROMWKB(...)` → `POINT(...)` |
 | [ST_GEOMFROMGEOHASH](st-geomfromgeohash.md) | Convert GeoHash to geometry | `ST_GEOMFROMGEOHASH('9q8yyk8')` → `POLYGON(...)` |
 | [ST_GEOMPOINTFROMGEOHASH](st-geompointfromgeohash.md) | Convert GeoHash to Point geometry | `ST_GEOMPOINTFROMGEOHASH('9q8yyk8')` → `POINT(...)` |
+| [ST_GEOGFROMGEOHASH](st-geogfromgeohash.md) | Convert GeoHash to geography polygon | `ST_GEOGFROMGEOHASH('9q8yyk8')` → `POLYGON(...)` |
+| [ST_GEOGPOINTFROMGEOHASH](st-geogpointfromgeohash.md) | Convert GeoHash to geography point | `ST_GEOGPOINTFROMGEOHASH('9q8yyk8')` → `POINT(...)` |
 | [TO_GEOMETRY](to-geometry.md) | Parse various formats into geometry | `TO_GEOMETRY('POINT(-122.35 37.55)')` → `POINT(-122.35 37.55)` |
+| [TO_GEOGRAPHY](to-geography.md) / [TRY_TO_GEOGRAPHY](to-geography.md) | Parse various formats into geography | `TO_GEOGRAPHY('POINT(-122.35 37.55)')` → `POINT(-122.35 37.55)` |
 
 ## Geometry Output
 

docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/09-geospatial-functions/st-area.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+title: ST_AREA
+---
+import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
+
+<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.555"/>
+
+Returns the area of a GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY object. For GEOMETRY inputs, the function uses planar area based on the [shoelace formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoelace_formula). For GEOGRAPHY inputs, the function measures geodesic area on an ellipsoidal model of the earth using the method described in [Karney (2013)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.4448.pdf).
+
+## Syntax
+
+```sql
+ST_AREA(<geometry_or_geography>)
+```
+
+## Arguments
+
+| Arguments                 | Description                                                     |
+|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `<geometry_or_geography>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY. |
+
+## Return Type
+
+Double.
+
+## Examples
+
+### GEOMETRY examples
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  ST_AREA(
+    TO_GEOMETRY('POLYGON((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0))')
+  ) AS area
+
+┌──────┐
+│ area │
+├──────┤
+│ 1.0  │
+└──────┘
+```
+
+### GEOGRAPHY examples
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  ST_AREA(
+    TO_GEOGRAPHY('POLYGON((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0))')
+  ) AS area
+
+╭────────────────────╮
+│        area        │
+├────────────────────┤
+│ 12308778361.469452 │
+╰────────────────────╯
+```

docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/09-geospatial-functions/st-asewkb.md

@@ -5,26 +5,28 @@ import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
 
 <FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.436"/>
 
-Converts a GEOMETRY object into a [EWKB(extended well-known-binary)](https://postgis.net/docs/ST_GeomFromEWKB.html) format representation.
+Converts a GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY object into a [EWKB(extended well-known-binary)](https://postgis.net/docs/ST_GeomFromEWKB.html) format representation.
 
 ## Syntax
 
 ```sql
-ST_ASEWKB(<geometry>)
+ST_ASEWKB(<geometry_or_geography>)
 ```
 
 ## Arguments
 
 | Arguments    | Description                                          |
 |--------------|------------------------------------------------------|
-| `<geometry>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY. |
+| `<geometry_or_geography>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY. |
 
 ## Return Type
 
 Binary.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### GEOMETRY examples
+
 ```sql
 SELECT
   ST_ASEWKB(
@@ -52,3 +54,20 @@ SELECT
 │ 0101000020E61000006666666666965EC06666666666C64240 │
 └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 ```
+
+### GEOGRAPHY examples
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  ST_ASEWKB(
+    ST_GEOGFROMWKT(
+      'SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55)'
+    )
+  ) AS pipeline_ewkb;
+
+╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│                    pipeline_ewkb                   │
+├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ 0101000020E61000006666666666965EC06666666666C64240 │
+╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+```

docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/09-geospatial-functions/st-asewkt.md

@@ -5,26 +5,28 @@ import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
 
 <FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.436"/>
 
-Converts a GEOMETRY object into a [EWKT(extended well-known-text)](https://postgis.net/docs/ST_GeomFromEWKT.html) format representation.
+Converts a GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY object into a [EWKT(extended well-known-text)](https://postgis.net/docs/ST_GeomFromEWKT.html) format representation.
 
 ## Syntax
 
 ```sql
-ST_ASEWKT(<geometry>)
+ST_ASEWKT(<geometry_or_geography>)
 ```
 
 ## Arguments
 
 | Arguments    | Description                                          |
 |--------------|------------------------------------------------------|
-| `<geometry>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY. |
+| `<geometry_or_geography>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY. |
 
 ## Return Type
 
 String.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### GEOMETRY examples
+
 ```sql
 SELECT
   ST_ASEWKT(
@@ -52,3 +54,20 @@ SELECT
 │ SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55) │
 └────────────────────────────────┘
 ```
+
+### GEOGRAPHY examples
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  ST_ASEWKT(
+    ST_GEOGFROMWKT(
+      'SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55)'
+    )
+  ) AS pipeline_ewkt;
+
+╭────────────────────────────────╮
+│          pipeline_ewkt         │
+├────────────────────────────────┤
+│ SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55) │
+╰────────────────────────────────╯
+```

docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/09-geospatial-functions/st-asgeojson.md

@@ -5,26 +5,28 @@ import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
 
 <FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.427"/>
 
-Converts a GEOMETRY object into a [GeoJSON](https://geojson.org/) representation.
+Converts a GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY object into a [GeoJSON](https://geojson.org/) representation.
 
 ## Syntax
 
 ```sql
-ST_ASGEOJSON(<geometry>)
+ST_ASGEOJSON(<geometry_or_geography>)
 ```
 
 ## Arguments
 
 | Arguments    | Description                                          |
 |--------------|------------------------------------------------------|
-| `<geometry>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY. |
+| `<geometry_or_geography>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY. |
 
 ## Return Type
 
 Variant.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### GEOMETRY examples
+
 ```sql
 SELECT
   ST_ASGEOJSON(
@@ -38,4 +40,20 @@ SELECT
 ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
 │ {"coordinates":[[400000,6000000],[401000,6010000]],"type":"LineString"} │
 └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
+```
+
+### GEOGRAPHY examples
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  ST_ASGEOJSON(
+    ST_GEOGFROMWKT(
+      'SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55)'
+    )
+  ) AS pipeline_geojson;
+
+╭────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│                pipeline_geojson                │
+├────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ {"coordinates":[-122.35,37.55],"type":"Point"} │
+╰────────────────────────────────────────────────╯```

docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/09-geospatial-functions/st-aswkb.md

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
 
 <FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.436"/>
 
-Converts a GEOMETRY object into a [WKB(well-known-binary)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry#Well-known_binary) format representation.
+Converts a GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY object into a [WKB(well-known-binary)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry#Well-known_binary) format representation.
 
 ## Syntax
 
 ```sql
-ST_ASWKB(<geometry>)
+ST_ASWKB(<geometry_or_geography>)
 ```
 
 ## Aliases
@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ ST_ASWKB(<geometry>)
 
 | Arguments    | Description                                          |
 |--------------|------------------------------------------------------|
-| `<geometry>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY. |
+| `<geometry_or_geography>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY. |
 
 ## Return Type
 
 Binary.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### GEOMETRY examples
+
 ```sql
 SELECT
   ST_ASWKB(
@@ -56,3 +58,20 @@ SELECT
 │ 01010000006666666666965EC06666666666C64240 │
 └────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 ```
+
+### GEOGRAPHY examples
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  ST_ASWKB(
+    ST_GEOGFROMWKT(
+      'SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55)'
+    )
+  ) AS pipeline_wkb;
+
+╭────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│                pipeline_wkb                │
+├────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ 01010000006666666666965EC06666666666C64240 │
+╰────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+```

docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/09-geospatial-functions/st-aswkt.md

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
 
 <FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.436"/>
 
-Converts a GEOMETRY object into a [WKT(well-known-text)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry) format representation.
+Converts a GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY object into a [WKT(well-known-text)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry) format representation.
 
 ## Syntax
 
 ```sql
-ST_ASWKT(<geometry>)
+ST_ASWKT(<geometry_or_geography>)
 ```
 
 ## Aliases
@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ ST_ASWKT(<geometry>)
 
 | Arguments    | Description                                          |
 |--------------|------------------------------------------------------|
-| `<geometry>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY. |
+| `<geometry_or_geography>` | The argument must be an expression of type GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY. |
 
 ## Return Type
 
 String.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### GEOMETRY examples
+
 ```sql
 SELECT
   ST_ASWKT(
@@ -56,3 +58,20 @@ SELECT
 │ POINT(-122.35 37.55) │
 └──────────────────────┘
 ```
+
+### GEOGRAPHY examples
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  ST_ASWKT(
+    ST_GEOGFROMWKT(
+      'SRID=4326;POINT(-122.35 37.55)'
+    )
+  ) AS pipeline_wkt;
+
+╭──────────────────────╮
+│     pipeline_wkt     │
+├──────────────────────┤
+│ POINT(-122.35 37.55) │
+╰──────────────────────╯
+```