mcp-debugger

A headless, agentic debugger over MCP — let your AI agents debug running programs in six languages.

🎯 Overview

mcp-debugger is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that exposes step-through debugging as structured tool calls. It lets AI agents set breakpoints, inspect variables, evaluate expressions, and step through running programs across six languages — driving real language debuggers through the Debug Adapter Protocol (DAP).

🆕 v0.21.0 — the minimum runtime is now Node.js 22+ (Node 20 reached end-of-life). See the CHANGELOG for the full release history.

✨ Key Features

• 🌐 Multi-language support – Clean adapter pattern for any language
• 🐍 Python debugging via debugpy – Full DAP protocol support
• 🟨 JavaScript (Node.js) debugging via js-debug – VSCode's proven debugger
• 🦀 Rust debugging via CodeLLDB – Debug Rust & Cargo projects (Linux/macOS; Windows needs the GNU toolchain — see Rust on Windows)
• 🐹 Go debugging via Delve – Full DAP support for Go programs
• ☕ Java debugging via JDI bridge – Launch and attach modes with JDK 21+
• 🔷 .NET/C# debugging via netcoredbg – Debug .NET applications with full DAP support
• 🧪 Mock adapter for testing – Test without external dependencies
• 🛰️ Out-of-IDE & remote attach – Attach over host/port to a process on another machine or inside a container (Python via debugpy, Java via JDWP), with source-path mapping
• 🔌 STDIO and Streamable HTTP transports – Works with any MCP client (legacy SSE transport is deprecated)
• 📦 Zero-runtime dependencies – Self-contained bundles via esbuild + tsup
• ⚡ npx ready – Run directly with npx @debugmcp/mcp-debugger - no installation needed
• 🐳 Docker and npm packages – Deploy anywhere
• 🤖 Built for AI agents – Structured JSON responses for easy parsing
• 🛡️ Path validation – Prevents crashes from non-existent files
• 📝 AI-aware line context – Intelligent breakpoint placement with code context
• ✅ Comprehensive test suite – unit, integration, and end-to-end coverage across every adapter (CI status)

🚀 Quick Start

Requirements: Node.js 22+ for the server. Each language you debug also needs its own toolchain installed (Python + debugpy, Node.js, Go + Delve, JDK 21+, .NET SDK, or the Rust toolchain).

For MCP Clients (Claude Desktop, etc.)

Add to your MCP settings configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "mcp-debugger": {
      "command": "node",
      "args": ["C:/path/to/mcp-debugger/dist/index.js", "stdio", "--log-level", "debug", "--log-file", "C:/path/to/logs/debug-mcp-server.log"],
      "disabled": false,
      "autoApprove": ["create_debug_session", "set_breakpoint", "get_variables"]
    }
  }
}

For Claude Code CLI

For Claude Code users, we provide an automated installation script:

Prerequisite: The Claude CLI must be installed and available on your PATH before running the installation script. See Claude Code documentation for installation instructions.

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/debugmcp/mcp-debugger.git
cd mcp-debugger

# Run the installation script
./scripts/install-claude-mcp.sh

# Verify the connection (use 'claude mcp list' if claude is on your PATH)
claude mcp list

Important: The stdio argument is required to prevent console output from corrupting the JSON-RPC protocol. See CLAUDE.md for detailed setup and troubleshooting.

Using Docker

docker run -v $(pwd):/workspace debugmcp/mcp-debugger:latest

⚠️ The Docker image ships Python, JavaScript, Go, Java, and .NET adapters. Rust debugging requires the local, SSE, or packed deployments where the adapter runs next to your toolchain. Note: adapters are loaded dynamically at runtime — only those whose toolchain is installed and detected will be reported as available by list_supported_languages.

Using npm

npm install -g @debugmcp/mcp-debugger
mcp-debugger --help

Or use without installation via npx:

npx @debugmcp/mcp-debugger --help

📚 How It Works

mcp-debugger exposes debugging operations as MCP tools that can be called with structured JSON parameters:

// Tool: create_debug_session
// Request:
{
  "language": "python",  // or "javascript", "rust", "go", "java", "dotnet", or "mock" for testing
  "name": "My Debug Session"
}
// Response:
{
  "success": true,
  "sessionId": "a4d1acc8-84a8-44fe-a13e-28628c5b33c7",
  "message": "Created python debug session: My Debug Session"
}

🛠️ Available Tools

Tool	Description	Status
create_debug_session	Create a new debugging session	✅ Implemented
list_debug_sessions	List all active sessions	✅ Implemented
list_supported_languages	Show available language adapters	✅ Implemented
set_breakpoint	Set a breakpoint in a file	✅ Implemented
start_debugging	Start debugging a script	✅ Implemented
attach_to_process	Attach debugger to a running process	✅ Implemented
detach_from_process	Detach debugger from a process	✅ Implemented
get_stack_trace	Get the current stack trace	✅ Implemented
list_threads	List all threads in the debug session	✅ Implemented
get_scopes	Get variable scopes for a frame	✅ Implemented
get_variables	Get variables in a scope	✅ Implemented
get_local_variables	Get local variables in current frame	✅ Implemented
step_over	Step over the current line	✅ Implemented
step_into	Step into a function	✅ Implemented
step_out	Step out of a function	✅ Implemented
continue_execution	Continue running	✅ Implemented
pause_execution	Pause running execution	✅ Implemented
evaluate_expression	Evaluate expressions in debug context	✅ Implemented
get_source_context	Get source code context	✅ Implemented
close_debug_session	Close a session	✅ Implemented
redefine_classes	Hot-swap changed Java classes into a running JVM (Java only)	✅ Implemented

🏗️ Architecture: Dynamic Adapter Loading

Version 0.10.0 introduces a clean adapter pattern that separates language-agnostic core functionality from language-specific implementations:

┌─────────────┐     ┌────────────────┐     ┌──────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐
│ MCP Client  │────▶│ DebugMcpServer │────▶│SessionManager│────▶│ AdapterRegistry │
└─────────────┘     └────────────────┘     └──────────────┘     └─────────────────┘
                            │                      │
                            ▼                      ▼
                    ┌──────────────┐      ┌─────────────────┐
                    │ ProxyManager │◀─────│ Language Adapter│
                    └──────────────┘      └─────────────────┘
                                                   │
                          ┌──────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┐
                          │                                                          │
              ┌───────────┼───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┐          │
              │           │           │           │           │           │          │
        ┌─────▼────┐┌─────▼────┐┌─────▼────┐┌─────▼────┐┌─────▼────┐┌─────▼────┐
        │Python    ││JavaScript││Rust      ││Go        ││Java      ││Dotnet    ││Mock      │
        │Adapter   ││Adapter   ││Adapter   ││Adapter   ││Adapter   ││Adapter   ││Adapter   │
        └──────────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘└──────���───┘

Adding Language Support

Want to add debugging support for your favorite language? Check out the Adapter Development Guide!

💡 Example: Debugging Python Code

Here's a complete debugging session example:

# buggy_swap.py
def swap_variables(a, b):
    a = b  # Bug: loses original value of 'a'
    b = a  # Bug: 'b' gets the new value of 'a'
    return a, b

Step 1: Create a Debug Session

// Tool: create_debug_session
// Request:
{
  "language": "python",
  "name": "Swap Bug Investigation"
}
// Response:
{
  "success": true,
  "sessionId": "a4d1acc8-84a8-44fe-a13e-28628c5b33c7",
  "message": "Created python debug session: Swap Bug Investigation"
}

Step 2: Set Breakpoints

// Tool: set_breakpoint
// Request:
{
  "sessionId": "a4d1acc8-84a8-44fe-a13e-28628c5b33c7",
  "file": "buggy_swap.py",
  "line": 2
}
// Response:
{
  "success": true,
  "breakpointId": "28e06119-619e-43c0-b029-339cec2615df",
  "file": "C:\\path\\to\\buggy_swap.py",
  "line": 2,
  "verified": false,
  "message": "Breakpoint set at C:\\path\\to\\buggy_swap.py:2"
}

Step 3: Start Debugging

// Tool: start_debugging
// Request:
{
  "sessionId": "a4d1acc8-84a8-44fe-a13e-28628c5b33c7",
  "scriptPath": "buggy_swap.py"
}
// Response:
{
  "success": true,
  "state": "paused",
  "message": "Debugging started for buggy_swap.py. Current state: paused",
  "data": {
    "message": "Debugging started for buggy_swap.py. Current state: paused",
    "reason": "breakpoint"
  }
}

Step 4: Inspect Variables

First, get the scopes:

// Tool: get_scopes
// Request:
{
  "sessionId": "a4d1acc8-84a8-44fe-a13e-28628c5b33c7",
  "frameId": 3
}
// Response:
{
  "success": true,
  "scopes": [
    {
      "name": "Locals",
      "variablesReference": 5,
      "expensive": false,
      "presentationHint": "locals",
      "source": {}
    },
    {
      "name": "Globals", 
      "variablesReference": 6,
      "expensive": false,
      "source": {}
    }
  ]
}

Then get the local variables:

// Tool: get_variables
// Request:
{
  "sessionId": "a4d1acc8-84a8-44fe-a13e-28628c5b33c7",
  "scope": 5
}
// Response:
{
  "success": true,
  "variables": [
    {"name": "a", "value": "10", "type": "int", "variablesReference": 0, "expandable": false},
    {"name": "b", "value": "20", "type": "int", "variablesReference": 0, "expandable": false}
  ],
  "count": 2,
  "variablesReference": 5
}

📖 Documentation

• 📘 Tool Reference – Complete API documentation
• 🚦 Getting Started Guide – First-time setup
• 🏗️ Architecture Overview – Multi-language design
• 🔧 Adapter Development – Add new languages
• 🔌 Dynamic Loading Architecture – Runtime discovery, lazy loading, caching
• 🧩 Adapter API Reference – Adapter, factory, loader, and registry contracts
• 🔄 Migration Guide – Upgrading to v0.15.0 (dynamic loading)
• 🐍 Python Debugging Guide – Python-specific features
• 🟨 JavaScript Debugging Guide – JavaScript/TypeScript features
• 🐹 Go Debugging Guide – Go debugging with Delve
• ☕ Java Debugging Guide – Java debugging with JDI bridge
• Rust Debugging on Windows - Toolchain requirements and troubleshooting
• 🔧 Troubleshooting – Common issues & solutions

🤝 Contributing

We welcome contributions! See CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.

# Development setup
git clone https://github.com/debugmcp/mcp-debugger.git
cd mcp-debugger

# Install dependencies and vendor debug adapters
pnpm install
# All debug adapters (JavaScript js-debug, Rust CodeLLDB) are automatically downloaded

# Build the project
pnpm build

# Run tests
pnpm test

# Check adapter vendoring status
pnpm vendor:status

# Force re-vendor all adapters (if needed)
pnpm vendor:force

Debug Adapter Vendoring

The project automatically vendors debug adapters during pnpm install:

• JavaScript: Downloads Microsoft's js-debug from GitHub releases
• Rust: Downloads CodeLLDB binaries for the current platform
• CI Environment: Set SKIP_ADAPTER_VENDOR=true to skip vendoring

To manually manage adapters:

# Check current vendoring status
pnpm vendor:status

# Re-vendor all adapters
pnpm vendor

# Clean and re-vendor (force)
pnpm vendor:force

# Clean vendor directories only
pnpm clean:vendor

Running Container Tests Locally

We use Act to run GitHub Actions workflows locally:

# Build the Docker image first
docker build -t mcp-debugger:local .

# Run tests with Act (use WSL2 on Windows)
act -j build-and-test --matrix os:ubuntu-latest

See tests/README.md for detailed testing instructions.

📊 Project Status

• ✅ Production Ready: v0.21.0 with six language adapters and polished multi-language distribution
• ✅ Clean architecture with a dynamic adapter pattern
• ✅ Python · JavaScript/TypeScript · Go · Java · .NET/C#: Full step-through debugging
• 🦀 Rust: Full support on Linux/macOS/Windows (Windows requires the GNU toolchain; MSVC is not supported by CodeLLDB)
• 🟢 Runtime: Node.js 22+
• 📈 Active Development: Regular updates and improvements

📄 License

MIT License - see LICENSE for details.

👥 Contributors

• @swinyx — Go adapter (Delve)
• @roofpig95008 — Java adapter (JDI bridge)

🙏 Acknowledgments

Built with:

• Model Context Protocol by Anthropic
• Debug Adapter Protocol by Microsoft
• debugpy for Python debugging

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Give your AI agents a real debugger — in any language.