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Git

What is Git

Git is the most commonly used version control system. Git tracks the changes you make to files, so you have a record of what has been done, and you can revert to specific versions should you ever need to. Git also makes collaboration easier, allowing changes by multiple people to all be merged into one source.

Version control means recording changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later.

1. Install Git

First, you need to install the Git version control
software for your operating system here: https://git-scm.com/downloads

2. Checking status of the repository

The git status command allows you to check the status of the project: If it is

  • initiated
  • modified
  • staged

We can use the command git status at any time. It is a means to check what is happening on your project.

3. Configure your name and your email

Open the Git bash if your device is Windows, or open the Mac terminal if your device is MacOS. global means the specified account will be used for all cloned repositories. Next, write up the following commands below:

git config --global user.name 'yourname'
git config --global user.email 'youremail'

4. Creating a local Git repository

In this step, you will create a folder (directory) for your project. A project is just a simple folder that stores all the files related to a certain project. A local repository is a project or a folder that is on your computer.

If Git Bash is not opened, search for Git Bash and open it. The terminal will pop up on Windows devices. If it's MacOS, just open the Mac terminal. Now type:

mkdir project_name
cd project_name

By the way, you can also create the folders the usual way using on the GUI(Graphical User Interface) of Windows or Mac.

5. Initialize Git

After creating a new local repository or in an existing local repository, initialize the repository by the following command:

   git init

Once, the repository is initialized git tracks the changes in the files and folders of the project.

6. Add file to the staging area

The file can be added to the staging area in multiple ways. To add a single file, we use the git add command followed by a file name

   git add filename

To add multiple files using their file names using the command git add followed by file names

   git add filename1 filename2

Sometimes, we make a lot of changes, and adding files one by one is time consuming. Therefore, we can use a short and productive way. The git add command followed by a dot allows adding files and folders at once to the staging area. Remember, there is a space between the add and the dot.

To add all files and folders at once

   git add .

7. Unstage a file

    git reset HEAD filename

8. Commit the changes

Commit means taking a snapshot or a copy of your file at that point in time. You may associate it with saving a file with a new name (save as).

   git commit -m 'your message'

Your commit message has to be associated with the changes or modifications you make.

To add and commit at the same time

   git commit -am 'commit message'

9. Git log

The git log command allows you to check the commit history of the project. It list down all the commit history

   git log

13. Creating a branch

Branch in Git is similar to the branch of a tree. Analogically, a tree branch is attached to the central part of the tree called the trunk. While branches can generate and fall off, the trunk remains compact and is the only part by which we can say the tree is alive and standing. Similarly, a branch in Git is a way to keep developing and coding a new feature or modification to the software and still not affecting the main part of the project. We can also say that branches create another line of development in the project. The primary or default branch in Git is the main branch (similar to a trunk of the tree). As soon as the repository creates, so does the main branch (or the default branch).

To create a branch (only create it):

git branch -u branch-name
  • To create and checkout to the branch at the same time:
git checkout -b branch-name

To switch between branches:

git checkout main
git checkout branch-name

To list down all the branches:

git branch