docker · akristen · Jul 14, 2026
diff --git a/content/manuals/billing/3d-secure.md b/content/manuals/billing/3d-secure.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ---
 title: Use 3D Secure authentication for Docker billing
 linkTitle: 3D Secure authentication
-description: Docker billing supports 3D Secure (3DS) for secure payment authentication. Learn how 3DS works with Docker subscriptions.
-keywords: billing, renewal, payments, subscriptions, 3DS, credit card verification, secure payments, Docker billing security
+description: Learn how 3D Secure authentication works for Docker subscription payments and how to troubleshoot verification issues.
+keywords: billing, payments, subscriptions, 3D Secure, 3DS, credit card verification, payment authentication
 weight: 40
 ---
 
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ actions:
 - Starting a [paid subscription](../subscription/manage.md)
 - Changing your [billing cycle](/manuals/billing/cycle.md) from monthly to annual
 - [Upgrading your subscription](../subscription/manage.md#upgrade-plans)
-- [Adding seats](../admin/organization/manage/manage-seats.md) to an existing subscription
+- [Adding seats](../admin/organization/manage/manage-seats.md) to an existing
+  subscription
 
 If 3DS is required and your payment method supports it, the verification prompt
 will appear during checkout.
@@ -41,9 +42,8 @@ If you're unable to complete your payment due to 3DS:
 
 1. Retry your transaction. Make sure you're completing the verification
    prompt in the same browser tab.
-1. Use a different payment method. Some cards may not support 3DS properly
-   or be blocked.
-1. Contact your bank. Your bank may be blocking the payment or the 3DS
+1. Use a different payment method.
+1. Contact your bank to confirm whether it's blocking the payment or the 3DS
    verification attempt.
 
 > [!NOTE]

diff --git a/content/manuals/billing/_index.md b/content/manuals/billing/_index.md
@@ -8,30 +8,30 @@ params:
   sidebar:
     group: Platform
 grid_core:
-- title: Add or update a payment method
-  description: Learn how to add or update a payment method for your personal account or organization.
-  link: /billing/payment-method/
-  icon: credit-card
-- title: Update billing information
-  description: Discover how to update the billing information for your personal account or organization.
-  link: /billing/details/
-  icon: pencil-square
-- title: View billing history
-  description: Learn how to view billing history and download past invoices.
-  link: /billing/history/
-  icon: credit-card
-- title: Billing FAQs
-  description: Find the answers you need and explore common questions.
-  link: /billing/faqs/
-  icon: question-mark-circle
-- title: Register a tax certificate
-  description: Learn how to register a tax exemption certificate.
-  link: /billing/tax-certificate/
-  icon: book-open
-- title: 3D Secure authentication
-  description: Discover how Docker billing supports 3DS and how to troubleshoot potential issues.
-  link: /billing/3d-secure/
-  icon: wallet
+  - title: Add or update a payment method
+    description: Learn how to add or update a payment method for your personal account or organization.
+    link: /billing/payment-method/
+    icon: credit-card
+  - title: Update billing information
+    description: Learn how to update billing information for your personal account or organization.
+    link: /billing/details/
+    icon: pencil-square
+  - title: View billing history
+    description: Learn how to view billing history and download past invoices.
+    link: /billing/history/
+    icon: credit-card
+  - title: Billing FAQs
+    description: Find the answers you need and explore common questions.
+    link: /billing/faqs/
+    icon: question-mark-circle
+  - title: Submit a tax certificate
+    description: Learn how to submit a tax exemption certificate.
+    link: /billing/tax-certificate/
+    icon: book-open
+  - title: 3D Secure authentication
+    description: Learn how 3DS works and how to troubleshoot verification issues.
+    link: /billing/3d-secure/
+    icon: wallet
 aliases:
   - /billing/docker-hub-pricing/
 ---

diff --git a/content/manuals/billing/cycle.md b/content/manuals/billing/cycle.md
@@ -6,42 +6,43 @@ keywords: billing, cycle, payments, subscription
 ---
 
 You can choose between a monthly or annual billing cycle when purchasing a
-subscription. If you have a monthly billing cycle, you can choose to
-switch to an annual billing cycle.
-
-If you're on a monthly plan, you can switch to a yearly plan at any time.
-However, switching from a yearly to a monthly cycle isn't supported.
+subscription. If you have a monthly billing cycle, you can switch to an annual
+billing cycle at any time. Switching from an annual to a monthly billing cycle
+isn't supported.
 
 When you change your billing cycle:
 
 - Your next billing date reflects the new cycle. To find your next billing date,
-  see [View renewal date](history.md#view-renewal-date). All billing dates and renewal periods are calculated in UTC.
+  see [View renewal date](/manuals/billing/history.md#view-renewal-date). Docker
+  calculates all billing dates and renewal periods in UTC.
 - Your subscription's start date resets. For example, if the monthly
   subscription started on March 1 and ended on April 1, switching the billing
   duration on March 15, 2024, resets the new start date to March 15, 2024, with
   an end date of March 15, 2025.
 - Any unused portion of your monthly subscription is prorated and applied as
-  credit toward an annual subscription. For example, if your monthly cost is $10
-  and you're used value is $5, when you switch to an annual cycle ($100), the
-  final charge is $95 ($100-$5).
+  credit toward an annual subscription. For example, if your monthly cost is
+  $10 and the unused value is $5, when you switch to an annual cycle that costs
+  $100, the final charge is $95.
 
-## Change personal account to an annual cycle
+## Change a personal account to annual
 
 Pay by invoice is not available for subscription upgrades or changes.
 
 To change your billing cycle:
 
-1. Sign in to [Docker Home](https://app.docker.com/) and select
-   your organization.
+1. Sign in to [Docker Home](https://app.docker.com/) and select your personal
+   account.
 1. Select **Billing**.
 1. On the plans and usage page, select **Switch to annual billing**.
 1. Verify your billing information.
 1. Select **Continue to payment**.
-1. Verify payment information and select **Upgrade subscription**. If you choose to pay using a US bank account, you must verify the account. For more information, see [Verify a bank account](/manuals/billing/payment-method.md#verify-a-bank-account).
+1. Verify your payment information and select **Upgrade subscription**. If you
+   pay using a US bank account, you must
+   [verify the bank account](/manuals/billing/payment-method.md#verify-a-bank-account).
 
-The billing plans and usage page will now reflect your new annual plan details.
+The billing plans and usage page reflects your annual plan details.
 
-## Change organization to an annual cycle
+## Change an organization to annual
 
 You must be an organization owner to make changes to the payment information.
 
@@ -56,4 +57,6 @@ organization's Docker subscription:
 1. On the plans and usage page, select **Switch to annual billing**.
 1. Verify your billing information.
 1. Select **Continue to payment**.
-1. Verify payment information and select **Upgrade subscription**. If you choose to pay using a US bank account, you must verify the account. For more information, see [Verify a bank account](/manuals/billing/payment-method.md#verify-a-bank-account).
+1. Verify your payment information and select **Upgrade subscription**. If you
+   pay using a US bank account, you must
+   [verify the bank account](/manuals/billing/payment-method.md#verify-a-bank-account).
diff --git a/content/manuals/billing/details.md b/content/manuals/billing/details.md
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 ---
 title: Manage your billing information
 weight: 30
-description: Learn how to update your billing information in Docker Hub
+description: Learn how to update billing contact information, addresses, and tax IDs for Docker subscriptions.
 keywords: payments, billing, subscription, invoices, update billing email, change billing address, VAT ID, Docker billing account
 ---
 
 You can update the billing information for your personal account or for an
 organization. When you update your billing information, these changes apply to
-future billing invoices. The email address you provide for a billing account is
-where Docker sends all invoices and other billing related communications.
+future invoices. Docker sends invoices and other billing-related communications
+to the billing account's email address.
 
 > [!NOTE]
 >
@@ -21,18 +21,19 @@ where Docker sends all invoices and other billing related communications.
 
 To update your billing information:
 
-1. Sign in to [Docker Home](https://app.docker.com/) and select your
-   organization.
+1. Sign in to [Docker Home](https://app.docker.com/) and select your personal
+   account.
 1. Select **Billing**.
 1. Select **Billing information** from the left-hand navigation.
 1. On your billing information card, select **Change**.
 1. Update your billing contact and billing address information.
-1. Optional. To add or update a VAT ID, select the **I'm purchasing as a business** checkbox and enter your Tax ID.
+1. Optional. To add or update a VAT ID, select the
+   **I'm purchasing as a business** checkbox and enter your tax ID.
 
    > [!IMPORTANT]
    >
-   > Your VAT number must include your country prefix. For example, if you are
-   > entering a VAT number for Germany, you would enter `DE123456789`.
+   > Your VAT number must include your country prefix. For example, enter
+   > `DE123456789` for a German VAT number.
 
 1. Select **Update**.
 
@@ -50,12 +51,13 @@ To update your billing information:
 1. Select **Billing information** from the left-hand navigation.
 1. On your billing information card, select **Change**.
 1. Update your billing contact and billing address information.
-1. Optional. To add or update a VAT ID, select the **I'm purchasing as a business** checkbox and enter your Tax ID.
+1. Optional. To add or update a VAT ID, select the
+   **I'm purchasing as a business** checkbox and enter your tax ID.
 
    > [!IMPORTANT]
    >
-   > Your VAT number must include your country prefix. For example, if you are
-   > entering a VAT number for Germany, you would enter `DE123456789`.
+   > Your VAT number must include your country prefix. For example, enter
+   > `DE123456789` for a German VAT number.
 
 1. Select **Update**.
 
@@ -73,14 +75,14 @@ You can update the email address that receives billing invoices at any time.
 
 To update your billing email address:
 
-1. Sign in to [Docker Home](https://app.docker.com/) and select your
-   organization.
+1. Sign in to [Docker Home](https://app.docker.com/) and select your personal
+   account.
 1. Select **Billing**.
 1. Select **Billing information** from the left-hand navigation.
 1. On your billing information card, select **Change**.
 1. Update your billing contact information and select **Update**.
 
-### Organizations
+### Organization
 
 To update your billing email address:
 

diff --git a/content/manuals/billing/faqs.md b/content/manuals/billing/faqs.md
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 ---
 title: Billing FAQs
 linkTitle: FAQs
-description: Frequently asked questions related to billing
-keywords: billing, renewal, payments, faq
+description: Find answers to common questions about Docker billing, failed payments, taxes, and pay by invoice.
+keywords: billing, renewal, failed payments, sales tax, VAT, academic pricing, pay by invoice
 tags: [FAQ]
 weight: 60
 ---
 
-### What happens if my subscription payment fails?
+## What happens if my subscription payment fails?
 
 If your subscription payment fails, there is a grace period of 15 days,
-including the due date. Docker retries to collect the payment 3 times using the
-following schedule:
+including the due date. Docker attempts to collect the payment three times using
+the following schedule:
 
 - 3 days after the due date
 - 5 days after the previous attempt
@@ -21,39 +21,41 @@ Docker also sends an email notification
 `Action Required - Credit Card Payment Failed` with an attached unpaid invoice
 after each failed payment attempt.
 
-Once the grace period is over and the invoice is still not paid, the
+If the invoice remains unpaid after the grace period, the
 subscription downgrades to a free subscription and all paid features are
 disabled.
 
-### Can I manually retry a failed payment?
+## Can I manually retry a failed payment?
 
-No. Docker retries failed payments on a [retry schedule](/manuals/billing/faqs.md#what-happens-if-my-subscription-payment-fails).
+Yes. If your payment fails, select **Pay now** to retry the payment through
+Stripe.
 
-To ensure a retired payment is successful, verify your default payment is
-updated. If you need to update your default payment method, see
-[Manage payment method](/manuals/billing/payment-method.md#manage-payment-method).
+Before retrying, verify that your default payment method is up to date. For
+instructions, see
+[Manage a payment method](/manuals/billing/payment-method.md#manage-payment-method).
 
-### Does Docker collect sales tax and/or VAT?
+## Does Docker collect sales tax and VAT?
 
-Docker collects sales tax and/or VAT from the following:
+Docker collects sales tax or VAT from the following customers:
 
-- For United States customers, Docker began collecting sales tax on July 1, 2024.
+- For United States customers, Docker began collecting sales tax on
+  July 1, 2024.
 - For European customers, Docker began collecting VAT on March 1, 2025.
 - For United Kingdom customers, Docker began collecting VAT on May 1, 2025.
 
-To ensure that tax assessments are correct, make sure that your billing
-information and VAT/Tax ID, if applicable, are updated. See
-[Update the billing information](/manuals/billing/details.md).
+To help ensure correct tax assessments, keep your billing information and tax ID
+or VAT ID up to date. See
+[Manage your billing information](/manuals/billing/details.md).
 
 If you're exempt from sales tax, see
-[Register a tax certificate](/manuals/billing/tax-certificate.md).
+[Submit a tax certificate](/manuals/billing/tax-certificate.md).
 
-### Does Docker offer academic pricing?
+## Does Docker offer academic pricing?
 
 For academic pricing, contact the
 [Docker Sales Team](https://www.docker.com/company/contact).
 
-### Can I use pay by invoice for upgrades or additional seats?
+## Can I use pay by invoice for upgrades or additional seats?
 
 No. Pay by invoice is only available for renewing annual subscriptions, not for
 purchasing upgrades or additional seats. You must use card payment or US bank