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docs/book/v2/setup/installation.md

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New password:
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```
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Depending on the strength of your password, you might get a `BAD PASSWORD: <some-reason>` message.
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Depending on the strength of your password, you might get a `BAD PASSWORD: <some-reason>` message.
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If you want to choose a different password, hit `Enter` and you are taken back to the previous step or continue with retyping your password.
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Next, you are asked to retype your password:

public/llms-content/faq.md

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# AlmaLinux 10 Frequently asked questions
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Quick answers to common questions about switching PHP/Node.js versions, fixing permissions, finding logs, and maintaining your development environment.
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## How do I switch to a different version of PHP?
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Execute the following command:
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```shell
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sudo dnf module switch-to php:remi-{major}.{minor} -y
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```
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where `{major}.{minor}` is one of the supported PHP versions: `8.5`, `8.4`, `8.3`, `8.2` and `8.1`.
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Additionally, our setup includes predefined aliases for executing the above command.
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The aliases are the following:
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* `php81`: switch to PHP 8.1
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* `php82`: switch to PHP 8.2
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* `php83`: switch to PHP 8.3
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* `php84`: switch to PHP 8.4
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* `php85`: switch to PHP 8.5
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After switching to a different PHP version, test with the following command:
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```shell
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php -v
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```
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Depending on the selected PHP version, the output should look similar to the below:
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```terminaloutput
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PHP 8.4.8 (cli) (built: Jun 3 2025 16:29:26) (NTS gcc x86_64)
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Copyright (c) The PHP Group
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Built by Remi's RPM repository <https://rpms.remirepo.net/> #StandWithUkraine
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Zend Engine v4.4.8, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
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```
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## How do I switch to a different version of Node.js?
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Execute the following commands:
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```shell
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sudo dnf remove nodejs -y
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curl -fsSL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_{major}.x | sudo bash -
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sudo dnf install nodejs -y
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```
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where `{major}` is the Node.js version you want to switch to.
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Additionally, our setup includes predefined aliases for the above commands.
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The aliases are the following:
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* `node24`: switch to Node.js 24
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* `node22`: switch to Node.js 22
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* `node20`: switch to Node.js 20
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* `node18`: switch to Node.js 18
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After switching to a different Node.js version, test with the following command:
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```shell
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node -v
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```
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Depending on the selected Node.js version, the output should look similar to the below:
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```terminaloutput
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v24.13.0
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```
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Check npm version:
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```shell
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npm -v
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```
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Depending on the current npm version, the output should look similar to the below:
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```terminaloutput
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11.9.0
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```
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## How do I fix common permission issues?
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If running your project, you encounter permission issues, follow the below steps.
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`chmod -R 777` grants read/write/execute access to everyone, which is only appropriate for a local development environment like this one.
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Avoid carrying this habit into staging or production, where permissions should be scoped more narrowly (for example, to the web server's user/group).
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### Error
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PHP Fatal error: Uncaught InvalidArgumentException: The directory "`<path-to-project>`/data" is not writable...
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PHP Fatal error: Uncaught InvalidArgumentException: The directory "`<path-to-project>`/data/cache" is not writable...
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PHP Fatal error: Uncaught InvalidArgumentException: The directory "`<path-to-project>`/data/cache/doctrine" is not writable...
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### Solution
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```shell
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chmod -R 777 data
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```
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### Error
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PHP Fatal error: Uncaught InvalidArgumentException: The directory "`<path-to-project>`/public/uploads" is not writable...
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### Solution
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```shell
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chmod -R 777 public/uploads
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```
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### Error
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PHP Fatal error: Uncaught ErrorException: fopen(`<path-to-project>`/log/error-log-yyyy-mm-dd.log): Failed to open stream: Permission denied...
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### Solution
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```shell
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chmod -R 777 log
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```
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## Where are the error log files?
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From time to time, you are encountering various errors which are not displayed. Or you can get errors 500 in a browser.
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To find the error messages, you need to read the error log files.
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### Apache log files
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```text
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/var/log/httpd/error_log
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```
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### PHP-FPM log files
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```text
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/var/log/php-fpm/error.log
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/var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log
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```
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## How do I update Composer?
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Before updating, check your current Composer version by executing:
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```shell
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composer --version
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```
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The output should be similar to:
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```text
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Composer version 2.8.5 2025-01-21 15:23:40
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PHP version 8.3.20 (/usr/bin/php)
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Run the "diagnose" command to get more detailed diagnostics output.
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```
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Update Composer using its own `self-update` command:
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```shell
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sudo /usr/local/bin/composer self-update
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```
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The output should be similar to:
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```text
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Upgrading to version 2.9.0 (stable channel).
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Use composer self-update --rollback to return to version 2.8.5
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```
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After updating, check again your Composer version by executing:
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```shell
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composer --version
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```
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The output should be similar to:
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```text
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Composer version 2.9.0 2025-11-13 10:37:16
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PHP version 8.5.0 (/usr/bin/php)
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Run the "diagnose" command to get more detailed diagnostics output.
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```
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## How do I update phpMyAdmin?
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Being installed as a system package, it can be updated using the command which updates the rest of the system packages:
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```shell
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sudo dnf upgrade -y
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```
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## How do I upgrade MariaDB?
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Initially, MariaDB was at version 11.4 LTS.
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In case you want to upgrade to a different version, for instance [11.8 LTS](https://mariadb.org/11-8-is-lts/), use the below steps:
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* Open the MariaDB.repo file in any text editor.
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```shell
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sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
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```
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* Modify the **baseurl** variable to match the desired version, for instance `11.8` instead of `11.4`.
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* Clean dnf cache
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```shell
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sudo dnf clean all
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```
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* Stop MariaDB
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```shell
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sudo systemctl stop mariadb
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```
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* Upgrade MariaDB
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```shell
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sudo dnf update -y
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```
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* Start MariaDB
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```shell
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sudo systemctl start mariadb
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```
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* Upgrade databases
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```shell
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sudo mariadb-upgrade -uroot -p
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```
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* Restart MariaDB
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```shell
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sudo systemctl restart mariadb
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```
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## How do I delete a virtualhost?
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If for whatever reason you want to delete a virtualhost, for instance `to-be-deleted.localhost` you need to do the following:
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* Delete the folder where the files are located
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```shell
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sudo rm -rf /var/www/to-be-deleted.localhost
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```
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* Delete the Apache configuration file
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```shell
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sudo rm -f /etc/httpd/sites-available/to-be-deleted.localhost.conf
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```
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* Delete the enabled site symlink
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```shell
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sudo rm -f /etc/httpd/sites-enabled/to-be-deleted.localhost.conf
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```
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* Restart httpd server
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```shell
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sudo systemctl restart httpd
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```
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## How do I create command aliases?
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From either your terminal or file explorer, navigate to your home directory (`/home/<your-username>/`).
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Using your preferred text editor, open the file: `.bash_profile` (if it does not exist, create it first).
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Move to the end of the file and enter on a new line:
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```text
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alias command_alias="command to execute"
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```
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where:
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* `command_alias` is the name by which you want to call your original command
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* `command to execute`: the original command to be executed on alias call
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### Example
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```text
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alias list_files="ls -Al"
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```
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will create an alias called `list_files` that will run the command `ls -Al`.
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Then, you can execute your custom alias in a terminal just as a regular command:
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```shell
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list_files
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```

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