Filter fatal exceptions from Task.FromException in async paths

Fatal exceptions (OOM, StackOverflow, ThreadAbort, NullReference,
AccessViolation) must not be wrapped in Task.FromException or
TrySetException — they should propagate synchronously. Add
ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType guards matching the existing pattern
used elsewhere in SqlDataReader.

Sites fixed:
- SqlBulkCopy.cs: 8 catch blocks guarded with exception filter
- SqlDataReader.cs (InvokeAsyncCall): exception filter added
- SqlCommand.Reader.cs: exception filter added
- SqlCommand.Xml.cs: exception filter added

Co-authored-by: Copilot App <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: cheenamalhotra

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlBulkCopy.cs

@@ -1360,6 +1360,10 @@ private Task ReadFromRowSourceAsync(CancellationToken cts)
                 {
                     if (_isAsyncBulkCopy)
                     {
+                        if (!ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
+                        {
+                            throw;
+                        }
                         return Task.FromException<bool>(ex);
                     }
                     else
@@ -2530,7 +2534,7 @@ private Task CopyColumnsAsync(int col, TaskCompletionSource<object> source = nul
                     source.SetResult(null);
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 if (source != null)
                 {
@@ -2739,7 +2743,7 @@ private Task CopyRowsAsync(int rowsSoFar, int totalRows, CancellationToken cts,
                     source.TrySetResult(null); // This is set only on the last call of async copy. But may not be set if everything runs synchronously.
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 if (source != null)
                 {
@@ -2816,7 +2820,7 @@ private Task CopyBatchesAsync(BulkCopySimpleResultSet internalResults, string up
                     }
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 if (source != null)
                 {
@@ -2888,7 +2892,7 @@ private Task CopyBatchesAsyncContinued(BulkCopySimpleResultSet internalResults,
                     return CopyBatchesAsyncContinuedOnSuccess(internalResults, updateBulkCommandText, cts, source);
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 if (source != null)
                 {
@@ -2950,7 +2954,7 @@ private Task CopyBatchesAsyncContinuedOnSuccess(BulkCopySimpleResultSet internal
                     return source.Task;
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 if (source != null)
                 {
@@ -3122,7 +3126,7 @@ private void WriteToServerInternalRestContinuedAsync(BulkCopySimpleResultSet int
                     }
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 _localColumnMappings = null;
 
@@ -3299,7 +3303,7 @@ private void WriteToServerInternalRestAsync(CancellationToken cts, TaskCompletio
                     WriteToServerInternalRestContinuedAsync(internalResults, cts, source); // internalResults is valid here.
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 if (source != null)
                 {
@@ -3376,7 +3380,7 @@ private Task WriteToServerInternalAsync(CancellationToken ctoken)
                     return resultTask;
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
             {
                 if (source != null)
                 {

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.Reader.cs

@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ private void BeginExecuteReaderInternalReadStage(TaskCompletionSource<object> co
                 _stateObj.ReadSni(completion);
             }
             // @TODO: CER Exception Handling was removed here (see GH#3581)
-            catch (Exception e)
+            catch (Exception e) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(e))
             {
                 // Similarly, if an exception occurs put the stateObj back into the pool.
                 // and reset async cache information to allow a second async execute

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.Xml.cs

@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ private void BeginExecuteXmlReaderInternalReadStage(TaskCompletionSource<object>
                 _stateObj.ReadSni(completion);
             }
             // @TODO: CER Exception Handling was removed here (see GH#3581)
-            catch (Exception e)
+            catch (Exception e) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(e))
             {
                 // Similarly, if an exception occurs put the stateObj back into the pool.
                 // and reset async cache information to allow a second async execute

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlDataReader.cs

@@ -5476,7 +5476,7 @@ private Task<T> InvokeAsyncCall<T>(SqlDataReaderBaseAsyncCallContext<T> context)
                 {
                     task = context.Execute(null, context);
                 }
-                catch (Exception ex)
+                catch (Exception ex) when (ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(ex))
                 {
                     task = Task.FromException<T>(ex);
                 }