[UX]: Replace conda with uv in dstack's default Docker image #2625

* Updated CUDA to 12.1.1
* Use NVIDIA's devel image

Author: peterschmidt85

docker/base/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.1.0-base-ubuntu20.04
+FROM nvidia/cuda:12.1.1-base-ubuntu20.04
 
 ARG PYTHON
 ARG _UV_HOME="/opt/uv"

docker/base/devel.Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,26 @@
+FROM nvidia/cuda:12.1.1-devel-ubuntu20.04
+
 ARG PYTHON
-ARG VERSION
+ARG _UV_HOME="/opt/uv"
+ENV UV_PYTHON="${PYTHON}"
+ENV UV_INSTALL_DIR="${_UV_HOME}/bin"
+ENV UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR="${_UV_HOME}/python"
+ENV UV_PYTHON_BIN_DIR="${UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR}/bin"
+ENV UV_MANAGED_PYTHON=1
+ENV LANG=C.UTF-8 LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+
+ENV PATH="${UV_INSTALL_DIR}:${UV_PYTHON_BIN_DIR}:${PATH}"
 
-FROM dstackai/base:py$PYTHON-$VERSION-cuda-12.1
+RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && \
+    apt-key adv --fetch-keys https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64/3bf863cc.pub && \
+    apt-get update --fix-missing && \
+    apt-get upgrade -y && \
+    ln -fs /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York /etc/localtime && \
+    apt-get install -y tzdata && \
+    dpkg-reconfigure --frontend noninteractive tzdata && \
+    apt-get install -y bzip2 ca-certificates curl build-essential git libglib2.0-0 libsm6 libxext6 libxrender1 mercurial openssh-server subversion wget && \
+    sed -i "s/.*PasswordAuthentication.*/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && mkdir /run/sshd && \
+    mkdir ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh && touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
 
-RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y cuda-12-1
+RUN curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | INSTALLER_NO_MODIFY_PATH=1 sh && \
+    uv python install --preview --default