From 5a49b928ce96c84f7fb713ea2989c9f8cb8d8285 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ruslan Strazhnyk <strazhnyk@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 May 2026 22:09:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Add example: live Playwright browser feed via noVNC

Run a headed Playwright test inside an E2B sandbox and watch the
browser drive itself in real time from any tab. Boots
Xvfb + x11vnc + websockify + noVNC inside the sandbox, exposes port
6080 via sandbox.getHost(6080), returns a https:// URL the operator
opens in a browser tab.

Two runnable scripts:
- examples/01-watch-live-test.ts -- passing test against playwright.dev,
  prints URL, holds sandbox after the run so the final state stays
  visible in the noVNC tab.
- examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts -- pause-on-failure pattern. Deliberately
  failing test, sandbox kept alive long enough for the operator to
  reload the noVNC URL and visually diagnose what went wrong.

Same VNC stack that powers the qualitymax.io execution-view "Live"
tab, trimmed to a self-contained cookbook example. Complements the
self-healing example (PR #93): the snapshot pattern tells the LLM
what the DOM was at failure, the live feed tells the human watching
what the page looked like.

typecheck clean.
---
 README.md                                     |   1 +
 .../playwright-live-vnc-feed/.env.template    |   8 +
 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/README.md   | 160 ++++
 .../examples/01-watch-live-test.ts            |  82 +++
 .../examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts            |  72 ++
 .../package-lock.json                         | 691 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../playwright-live-vnc-feed/package.json     |  36 +
 .../playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/index.ts     |   9 +
 .../playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/runner.ts    | 102 +++
 .../playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/vnc-setup.ts | 123 ++++
 .../playwright-live-vnc-feed/tsconfig.json    |  17 +
 11 files changed, 1301 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/.env.template
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/README.md
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/01-watch-live-test.ts
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package-lock.json
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package.json
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/index.ts
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/runner.ts
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/vnc-setup.ts
 create mode 100644 examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/tsconfig.json

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5751550b..a4e9afb6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -235,3 +235,4 @@ Read more about E2B on the [E2B website](https://e2b.dev) and the official [E2B
 - Next.js app with LLM + Code Interpreter and streaming - [TypeScript](./examples/nextjs-code-interpreter)
 - How to run a Docker container in E2B - [Python/TypeScript](./examples/docker-in-e2b)
 - How to run Playwright in E2B - [TypeScript](./examples/playwright-in-e2b)
+- Watch a Playwright test live in your browser via noVNC - [TypeScript](./examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed)
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/.env.template b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/.env.template
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8efb6eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/.env.template
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# E2B sandbox API key — get one at https://e2b.dev
+E2B_API_KEY=
+
+# How long to keep the sandbox alive after the test finishes, in seconds.
+# A short hold lets you re-load the noVNC tab and inspect the final page
+# state (or DevTools, if you opened them) before the sandbox is killed.
+# Default: 60. Set to 0 to kill immediately.
+POST_RUN_HOLD_SECONDS=60
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/README.md b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11c54c5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# Live Browser Feed for Playwright Tests in E2B
+
+Run a headed Playwright test inside an E2B sandbox and watch the browser
+drive itself in real time from any browser tab. No screen-sharing
+software, no separate desktop, no recording — just a `https://` URL the
+sandbox publishes that streams the test as it runs.
+
+Battle-tested at [qualitymax.io](https://qualitymax.io): this is the
+same stack that powers the platform's "Live" tab in the execution view,
+trimmed to the smallest reproducible cookbook example.
+
+## What it shows
+
+- Boot `Xvfb + x11vnc + websockify + noVNC` inside a fresh
+  `playwright-chromium` sandbox.
+- Get the publicly-reachable noVNC URL from `sandbox.getHost(6080)`.
+- Run a headed Playwright test against `DISPLAY=:99` so x11vnc captures
+  the rendered surface.
+- Optionally hold the sandbox alive *after* the run so the browser tab
+  can still display the final page state (or the broken state when a
+  test fails).
+
+## Architecture
+
+```
+┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                         E2B sandbox                                  │
+│                                                                      │
+│  Xvfb :99 (1280x720x24)  ◀─ DISPLAY=:99 ─  Playwright + Chromium     │
+│       │                                                              │
+│       ▼                                                              │
+│  x11vnc → RFB on :5900                                               │
+│       │                                                              │
+│       ▼                                                              │
+│  websockify → :6080  (also serves noVNC client from /usr/share/novnc)│
+│                                                                      │
+└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+                                  ▲
+                                  │  https://<getHost(6080)>/vnc.html
+                                  │
+                            Your browser tab
+```
+
+A single port (`6080`) does two jobs: it serves the noVNC HTML/JS client
+*and* it's the WebSocket endpoint the client connects to for the VNC
+stream. E2B routes `https://<getHost(6080)>/*` to it transparently. TLS
+is terminated at E2B's edge, so the URL is always `https://` — plain
+`http://` to a `getHost` URL produces a connection error.
+
+## Setup
+
+```bash
+npm install
+cp .env.template .env    # then fill in E2B_API_KEY
+npm run typecheck        # sanity check
+npm run example:watch    # watch a passing test live
+npm run example:hold     # see the pause-on-failure pattern
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+| Script | What it shows |
+| --- | --- |
+| `examples/01-watch-live-test.ts` | Run a passing test against `playwright.dev` while you watch in the noVNC tab. Holds the sandbox for 60s after the run so you can confirm the final state. |
+| `examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts` | Deliberately failing test that demonstrates the pause-on-failure pattern: when the test errors out, the sandbox stays alive long enough for you to reload the noVNC URL and see what the page actually looked like at failure. |
+
+## How it works
+
+### 1. Boot the VNC stack
+
+`src/vnc-setup.ts` runs a single bash blob inside the freshly-created
+sandbox that:
+
+- `apt-get install -y x11vnc novnc websockify` (only if missing — the
+  `playwright-chromium` template doesn't ship them by default).
+- `Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1280x720x24 &` — a virtual X server for Chromium
+  to render into.
+- `x11vnc -display :99 -rfbport 5900 -bg` — captures the framebuffer
+  and serves it as RFB on port 5900.
+- `websockify --web=/usr/share/novnc 6080 localhost:5900 &` — wraps the
+  RFB stream as WebSocket on port 6080 *and* serves the noVNC HTML
+  client from the same port.
+
+All four daemons inherit the sandbox's lifetime; killing the sandbox
+tears them down. Logs go to `/tmp/vnc-*.log` for debugging if the
+noVNC tab refuses to connect.
+
+### 2. Drive a headed Playwright test
+
+`src/runner.ts` writes the test file and a Playwright config into
+`/home/user/work`, then runs:
+
+```
+DISPLAY=:99 PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=... npx playwright test
+```
+
+The config sets `headless: false` and `slowMo: 250` so the human
+watching the noVNC tab actually has time to see the actions land. Two
+non-obvious settings:
+
+- `viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 }` matches the Xvfb screen
+  size. Mismatched sizes cause Chromium to scroll the rendered surface
+  inside the framebuffer.
+- `launchOptions.env = { DISPLAY: ':99' }` is belt-and-braces — the
+  shell env already exports DISPLAY, but Playwright reads `process.env`
+  at browser launch and the SDK's command runner doesn't always
+  propagate inherited env. Without this, Chromium can launch against
+  the wrong display and you see a blank noVNC tab.
+
+### 3. Hold the sandbox after the run
+
+`POST_RUN_HOLD_SECONDS` keeps the sandbox alive after the test finishes
+or fails. This matters because the moment you call `sandbox.kill()`,
+websockify dies and the noVNC tab goes 502. Without a hold, the live
+view disappears at exactly the moment a human would want to inspect it.
+
+`examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts` shows the failure variant: when the
+test fails, keep the sandbox up so the operator can reload the noVNC
+URL and visually diagnose what went wrong with the page.
+
+## Adapting it
+
+- **Pre-bake the VNC stack into your own template** to drop the cold-start
+  cost of the `apt-get install` step (saves ~5-10s on first run per
+  fresh sandbox). Build an E2B template based on `playwright-chromium`
+  with `x11vnc`, `novnc`, `websockify` already installed and the
+  `Xvfb/x11vnc/websockify` daemons supervised by systemd or `tini`.
+- **Plug it into the self-healing example** (`../self-healing-playwright-tests`).
+  The healer's failure-snapshot loop and the live VNC feed are
+  complementary: the snapshot tells the LLM what the DOM was at
+  failure, the VNC feed tells the human watching what the *page*
+  looked like.
+- **Embed the noVNC URL in your UI.** It's just a `<iframe src=…>` —
+  the noVNC client is plain HTML/JS served from inside the sandbox.
+  This is exactly how the qualitymax.io execution-view "Live" tab is
+  built.
+- **Tighten the hold window.** A long hold is a real cost (sandbox
+  uptime is billed). Tier it: hold longer for failed runs (the operator
+  wants to inspect), shorter for successful ones.
+
+## Caveats
+
+- **Audio is not captured.** x11vnc forwards X11 only. If your tests
+  rely on audio you'll need to route PulseAudio over the same WebSocket
+  or use a different streaming layer (e.g. GStreamer).
+- **Bandwidth.** The noVNC stream is full-framebuffer; ~1280x720 at the
+  rates Playwright drives runs cheap, but parallel streams to many tabs
+  add up. For agent fleets running many tests in parallel, prefer the
+  self-healing snapshot pattern and use the live feed only for the
+  ones a human is actively watching.
+- **First-run install latency.** ~5-10s for `apt-get install x11vnc novnc
+  websockify` on a cold sandbox. Pre-bake into a custom template to
+  remove this from the critical path.
+
+## Credits
+
+- VNC pattern inspired by [qualitymax.io](https://qualitymax.io)'s
+  execution-view live tab.
+- Sandbox runtime: [E2B](https://e2b.dev).
+- noVNC: <https://novnc.com>.
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/01-watch-live-test.ts b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/01-watch-live-test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80c2af7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/01-watch-live-test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+ * Example 1 — watch a Playwright test drive a remote browser live.
+ *
+ * What you'll see when you run this:
+ *
+ *   1. The script creates a fresh E2B sandbox and boots Xvfb + x11vnc +
+ *      websockify + noVNC inside it.
+ *   2. The script prints a `https://...` URL. Open it in any browser
+ *      tab — the noVNC client connects to the sandbox automatically.
+ *   3. The script installs `@playwright/test` in the sandbox and runs
+ *      a headed test against https://playwright.dev — you'll see
+ *      Chromium drive the navigation in the noVNC tab in real time.
+ *   4. After the test finishes the script sleeps for
+ *      `POST_RUN_HOLD_SECONDS` (default 60s) so you can keep inspecting
+ *      the final state. Then it kills the sandbox.
+ *
+ * Run:  pnpm tsx examples/01-watch-live-test.ts
+ */
+
+import 'dotenv/config';
+
+import { createLiveSandbox } from '../src/vnc-setup.js';
+import { runLiveTest } from '../src/runner.js';
+
+const TEST_CODE = `
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+
+test('navigates and finds get started', async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.goto('https://playwright.dev');
+  await page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Get started' }).click();
+  await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Installation' })).toBeVisible();
+});
+`;
+
+async function main(): Promise<void> {
+  if (!process.env.E2B_API_KEY) {
+    throw new Error('E2B_API_KEY is not set. Copy .env.template to .env and fill it in.');
+  }
+
+  console.log('booting sandbox + VNC stack...');
+  const { sandbox, noVncUrl, display } = await createLiveSandbox();
+
+  console.log('');
+  console.log('━'.repeat(72));
+  console.log('  Open this URL in your browser to watch the test live:');
+  console.log('');
+  console.log(`  ${noVncUrl}`);
+  console.log('━'.repeat(72));
+  console.log('');
+  console.log('starting test in 5s so you have time to open the URL...');
+  await sleep(5000);
+
+  try {
+    const result = await runLiveTest(sandbox, TEST_CODE, display);
+    console.log('');
+    console.log(`test ${result.passed ? '✓ passed' : '✗ failed'} (exit ${result.exitCode})`);
+    if (!result.passed) {
+      console.log('--- stderr ---');
+      console.log(result.stderr.slice(-2000));
+    }
+
+    const holdSeconds = Number.parseInt(process.env.POST_RUN_HOLD_SECONDS ?? '60', 10);
+    if (holdSeconds > 0) {
+      console.log('');
+      console.log(`sandbox held for ${holdSeconds}s — reload the noVNC tab to see final state.`);
+      console.log('(set POST_RUN_HOLD_SECONDS=0 in your env to skip this.)');
+      await sleep(holdSeconds * 1000);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    console.log('killing sandbox.');
+    await sandbox.kill();
+  }
+}
+
+function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error(err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85d8a728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Example 2 — pause-on-failure: when a test fails, keep the sandbox
+ * alive so you can open the noVNC tab and inspect the broken state.
+ *
+ * This is the "Live tab stays after the test fails" pattern from the
+ * qualitymax.io execution view. Without it, the moment the test errors
+ * out the sandbox gets killed in the `finally` block and the noVNC
+ * tab goes 502 — you never get to see what the page actually looked
+ * like at failure.
+ *
+ * Run:  pnpm tsx examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts
+ */
+
+import 'dotenv/config';
+
+import { createLiveSandbox } from '../src/vnc-setup.js';
+import { runLiveTest } from '../src/runner.js';
+
+// This test is *deliberately broken* — it looks for a heading that
+// doesn't exist on the page so the failure path runs.
+const FAILING_TEST_CODE = `
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+
+test('intentionally fails so we can inspect', async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.goto('https://playwright.dev');
+  await expect(
+    page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'This Heading Does Not Exist' }),
+  ).toBeVisible({ timeout: 5000 });
+});
+`;
+
+async function main(): Promise<void> {
+  if (!process.env.E2B_API_KEY) {
+    throw new Error('E2B_API_KEY is not set. Copy .env.template to .env and fill it in.');
+  }
+
+  console.log('booting sandbox + VNC stack...');
+  const { sandbox, noVncUrl, display } = await createLiveSandbox();
+
+  console.log(`\nLive URL: ${noVncUrl}\n`);
+
+  try {
+    const result = await runLiveTest(sandbox, FAILING_TEST_CODE, display);
+    console.log(`test ${result.passed ? '✓ passed' : '✗ failed'} (exit ${result.exitCode})`);
+
+    if (!result.passed) {
+      // Pause-on-failure window. The browser is still up, still rendered
+      // into the Xvfb display, still streamed via noVNC. Reload the URL
+      // and you'll see whatever the page looks like at the moment of
+      // failure — useful for diagnosing selector drift visually.
+      const holdSeconds = Number.parseInt(process.env.POST_RUN_HOLD_SECONDS ?? '120', 10);
+      console.log('');
+      console.log(`✗ test failed — holding sandbox for ${holdSeconds}s so you can inspect.`);
+      console.log(`  Reload the noVNC URL in your browser to see the failing page state:`);
+      console.log(`  ${noVncUrl}`);
+      console.log('');
+      await sleep(holdSeconds * 1000);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    console.log('killing sandbox.');
+    await sandbox.kill();
+  }
+}
+
+function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error(err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package-lock.json b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..58aa30fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+{
+  "name": "playwright-live-vnc-feed",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "playwright-live-vnc-feed",
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@e2b/code-interpreter": "^1.5.0",
+        "dotenv": "^16.4.5"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@types/node": "^22.0.0",
+        "tsx": "^4.19.0",
+        "typescript": "^5.6.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@bufbuild/protobuf": {
+      "version": "2.12.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@bufbuild/protobuf/-/protobuf-2.12.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-B/XlCaFIP8LOwzo+bz5uFzATYokcwCKQcghqnlfwSmM5eX/qTkvDBnDPs+gXtX/RyjxJ4DRikECcPJbyALA8FA==",
+      "license": "(Apache-2.0 AND BSD-3-Clause)"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@connectrpc/connect": {
+      "version": "2.0.0-rc.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@connectrpc/connect/-/connect-2.0.0-rc.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ARBt64yEyKbanyRETTjcjJuHr2YXorzQo0etyS5+P6oSeW8xEuzajA9g+zDnMcj1hlX2dQE93foIWQGfpru7gQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@bufbuild/protobuf": "^2.2.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@connectrpc/connect-web": {
+      "version": "2.0.0-rc.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@connectrpc/connect-web/-/connect-web-2.0.0-rc.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-w88P8Lsn5CCsA7MFRl2e6oLY4J/5toiNtJns/YJrlyQaWOy3RO8pDgkz+iIkG98RPMhj2thuBvsd3Cn4DKKCkw==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@bufbuild/protobuf": "^2.2.0",
+        "@connectrpc/connect": "2.0.0-rc.3"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@e2b/code-interpreter": {
+      "version": "1.5.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@e2b/code-interpreter/-/code-interpreter-1.5.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mkyKjAW2KN5Yt0R1I+1lbH3lo+W/g/1+C2lnwlitXk5wqi/g94SEO41XKdmDf5WWpKG3mnxWDR5d6S/lyjmMEw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "e2b": "^1.4.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
+      "version": "0.27.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.27.7.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "aix"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm": {
+      "version": "0.27.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm/-/android-arm-0.27.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jbPXvB4Yj2yBV7HUfE2KHe4GJX51QplCN1pGbYjvsyCZbQmies29EoJbkEc+vYuU5o45AfQn37vZlyXy4YJ8RQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.27.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm64/-/android-arm64-0.27.7.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-x64": {
+      "version": "0.27.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-x64/-/android-x64-0.27.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-x5VpMODneVDb70PYV2VQOmIUUiBtY3D3mPBG8NxVk5CogneYhkR7MmM3yR/uMdITLrC1ml/NV1rj4bMJuy9MCg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
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+    "node_modules/resolve-pkg-maps": {
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/resolve-pkg-maps/-/resolve-pkg-maps-1.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-seS2Tj26TBVOC2NIc2rOe2y2ZO7efxITtLZcGSOnHHNOQ7CkiUBfw0Iw2ck6xkIhPwLhKNLS8BO+hEpngQlqzw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/privatenumber/resolve-pkg-maps?sponsor=1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/tsx": {
+      "version": "4.21.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tsx/-/tsx-4.21.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5C1sg4USs1lfG0GFb2RLXsdpXqBSEhAaA/0kPL01wxzpMqLILNxIxIOKiILz+cdg/pLnOUxFYOR5yhHU666wbw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "esbuild": "~0.27.0",
+        "get-tsconfig": "^4.7.5"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "tsx": "dist/cli.mjs"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "fsevents": "~2.3.3"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/typescript": {
+      "version": "5.9.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.9.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "bin": {
+        "tsc": "bin/tsc",
+        "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.17"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/undici-types": {
+      "version": "6.21.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici-types/-/undici-types-6.21.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iwDZqg0QAGrg9Rav5H4n0M64c3mkR59cJ6wQp+7C4nI0gsmExaedaYLNO44eT4AtBBwjbTiGPMlt2Md0T9H9JQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package.json b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5b961af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "name": "playwright-live-vnc-feed",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "description": "Cookbook example: run a headed Playwright test in an E2B sandbox and stream the browser to a noVNC URL you can open in any tab. Battle-tested at qualitymax.io for live test debugging.",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "author": "Ruslan Strazhnyk <strazhnyk@gmail.com>",
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "example:watch": "tsx examples/01-watch-live-test.ts",
+    "example:hold": "tsx examples/02-hold-on-failure.ts",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@e2b/code-interpreter": "^1.5.0",
+    "dotenv": "^16.4.5"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/node": "^22.0.0",
+    "tsx": "^4.19.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.6.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
+  "keywords": [
+    "e2b",
+    "playwright",
+    "vnc",
+    "novnc",
+    "live-browser",
+    "remote-browser",
+    "sandbox",
+    "test-debugging",
+    "cookbook"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/index.ts b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9989c13c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Public entry points for the cookbook example.
+ */
+
+export { createLiveSandbox } from './vnc-setup.js';
+export type { LiveSandbox } from './vnc-setup.js';
+
+export { runLiveTest } from './runner.js';
+export type { LiveRunResult } from './runner.js';
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/runner.ts b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/runner.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc3e5b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/runner.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/**
+ * Drive a Playwright test inside a sandbox that already has a VNC
+ * stack running (see `createLiveSandbox`).
+ *
+ * The test runs headed against Xvfb display :99; whatever Chromium
+ * renders is what the noVNC URL streams to the user's tab.
+ */
+
+import { CommandExitError, type Sandbox } from '@e2b/code-interpreter';
+
+const WORK_DIR = '/home/user/work';
+const BROWSERS_PATH = '/app/node_modules/playwright-core/.local-browsers';
+const TEST_FILE_PATH = `${WORK_DIR}/test.spec.ts`;
+
+// Same pin reasoning as the self-healing example: @playwright/test
+// needs to match the `playwright` version baked into the template, or
+// the runner picks a different Chromium revision than the one on disk.
+const PLAYWRIGHT_VERSION = '1.51.1';
+
+const PLAYWRIGHT_CONFIG = (display: string): string => `import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
+export default defineConfig({
+  testDir: '${WORK_DIR}',
+  reporter: 'list',
+  // headless:false drives a real Chromium window into the Xvfb display
+  // so x11vnc has something to capture. headless mode renders off-screen
+  // and the noVNC tab would show a blank desktop.
+  use: {
+    headless: false,
+    // 1280x720 matches the Xvfb screen we booted in vnc-setup.ts —
+    // matching the viewport to the X screen keeps Chromium from
+    // scrolling the rendered surface inside the framebuffer.
+    viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
+    // Slow each action down so the human watching the noVNC tab can
+    // actually see what's happening. Drop or override per-test if you
+    // need raw speed instead of demo cadence.
+    actionTimeout: 15000,
+    launchOptions: {
+      // env DISPLAY is set on the npx command, but Playwright reads
+      // process.env at launch time so this is belt-and-braces. The
+      // sandbox env may or may not propagate DISPLAY depending on
+      // how the SDK builds the child process.
+      env: { DISPLAY: '${display}' },
+      slowMo: 250,
+    },
+  },
+});
+`;
+
+export interface LiveRunResult {
+  passed: boolean;
+  exitCode: number;
+  stdout: string;
+  stderr: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Upload `test.spec.ts` and a Playwright config, install
+ * `@playwright/test`, and run the test against the live display.
+ *
+ * The sandbox is *not* killed here — callers usually want to keep it
+ * alive after the run so the noVNC tab can still load the final page
+ * state. Kill it explicitly from the caller (or rely on the SDK's
+ * default sandbox timeout to reap it).
+ */
+export async function runLiveTest(
+  sandbox: Sandbox,
+  testCode: string,
+  display: string,
+): Promise<LiveRunResult> {
+  await sandbox.files.write(TEST_FILE_PATH, testCode);
+  await sandbox.files.write(`${WORK_DIR}/playwright.config.ts`, PLAYWRIGHT_CONFIG(display));
+
+  await sandbox.commands.run(
+    `mkdir -p ${WORK_DIR} && cd ${WORK_DIR} && ` +
+      `npm init -y >/dev/null && ` +
+      `npm install --no-audit --no-fund --silent @playwright/test@${PLAYWRIGHT_VERSION}`,
+    { timeoutMs: 120 * 1000 },
+  );
+
+  // Same `CommandExitError implements CommandResult` trick as the
+  // self-healing example — a failed test is a *signal*, not a
+  // try/catch fault. We need exitCode/stdout/stderr from the error
+  // instance, not the rethrow.
+  let exec: { exitCode: number; stdout: string; stderr: string };
+  try {
+    exec = await sandbox.commands.run(
+      `DISPLAY=${display} PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=${BROWSERS_PATH} ` +
+        `npx playwright test --reporter=list 2>&1`,
+      { cwd: WORK_DIR, timeoutMs: 5 * 60 * 1000 },
+    );
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (!(err instanceof CommandExitError)) throw err;
+    exec = err;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    passed: exec.exitCode === 0,
+    exitCode: exec.exitCode,
+    stdout: exec.stdout,
+    stderr: exec.stderr,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/vnc-setup.ts b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/vnc-setup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..58b7f502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/src/vnc-setup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/**
+ * Boot a VNC stack inside a fresh E2B sandbox and return a public noVNC
+ * URL the caller can open in any browser tab.
+ *
+ * The stack:
+ *   Xvfb :99 (1280x720x24)
+ *      ▲
+ *      │ DISPLAY=:99
+ *      │
+ *   Playwright / Chromium (headed)
+ *      ▲
+ *      │ X11 framebuffer at :99
+ *      │
+ *   x11vnc → RFB on :5900
+ *      ▲
+ *      │
+ *   websockify → wraps :5900 as WebSocket on :6080
+ *      ▲
+ *      │ (E2B routes https://<host>/* → sandbox:6080)
+ *      │
+ *   noVNC (served from /usr/share/novnc, same :6080)
+ *      ▲
+ *      │
+ *   Your browser tab
+ *
+ * E2B's edge serves whatever your sandbox publishes on a port over HTTPS,
+ * so the externally-visible URL is always `https://<getHost(6080)>/...`
+ * (no `http://` — TLS terminates at E2B's edge).
+ *
+ * Battle-tested at qualitymax.io: this exact stack is what powers the
+ * "Live" tab in the platform's execution view. The pattern is small
+ * enough to copy directly into any E2B-driven test runner.
+ */
+
+import { Sandbox } from '@e2b/code-interpreter';
+
+const TEMPLATE = 'playwright-chromium';
+
+// Standard X / VNC ports. Xvfb display :99 maps to TCP port 5999 in
+// theory but we don't expose that directly; x11vnc proxies it to a
+// regular VNC port (5900) and websockify wraps that as WebSocket on
+// 6080 so a browser-side noVNC client can connect.
+const VNC_DISPLAY = ':99';
+const VNC_PORT = 5900;
+const NOVNC_PORT = 6080;
+
+/**
+ * Shell script that installs (if missing) and starts the VNC stack.
+ *
+ * Why "install if missing": the `playwright-chromium` template doesn't
+ * ship `x11vnc` / `novnc` / `websockify`. The install runs ~once per
+ * fresh sandbox cold-start (~5-10s on a warm apt cache). If you run
+ * this often enough that the install latency matters, build your own
+ * E2B template on top of `playwright-chromium` with these pre-baked.
+ *
+ * The Xvfb/x11vnc/websockify processes are started in the background
+ * and inherit the sandbox's lifetime; killing the sandbox tears them
+ * down. The `bg=` redirections capture each daemon's log to /tmp for
+ * post-mortem debugging if the noVNC URL refuses to connect.
+ */
+const VNC_BOOT_SCRIPT = `bash -lc '
+set +e
+echo "VNC:install_check"
+if ! command -v x11vnc >/dev/null 2>&1 || ! command -v websockify >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "VNC:installing"
+  apt-get update -qq >/tmp/vnc-apt-update.log 2>&1
+  apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends x11vnc novnc websockify \\
+    >/tmp/vnc-apt-install.log 2>&1
+fi
+echo "VNC:xvfb_start"
+Xvfb ${VNC_DISPLAY} -screen 0 1280x720x24 >/tmp/vnc-xvfb.log 2>&1 &
+sleep 0.5
+echo "VNC:x11vnc_start"
+x11vnc -display ${VNC_DISPLAY} -forever -shared -nopw \\
+  -rfbport ${VNC_PORT} -bg -o /tmp/vnc-x11vnc.log 2>/dev/null
+sleep 0.3
+echo "VNC:websockify_start"
+# --web=/usr/share/novnc serves the noVNC client from the same port
+# that proxies the VNC stream, so a single getHost(6080) URL works.
+websockify --web=/usr/share/novnc ${NOVNC_PORT} localhost:${VNC_PORT} \\
+  >/tmp/vnc-websockify.log 2>&1 &
+sleep 0.5
+echo "VNC:ready"
+'`;
+
+export interface LiveSandbox {
+  /** The underlying sandbox handle. Call `.kill()` when done. */
+  sandbox: Sandbox;
+  /**
+   * noVNC URL the caller can open in a browser tab. Includes the
+   * `autoconnect=true&resize=scale` query so the page connects on load.
+   */
+  noVncUrl: string;
+  /**
+   * X display the headed browser should target. Pass this to the
+   * Playwright runner as `DISPLAY=:99` (or set it in `env`).
+   */
+  display: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Spin up a fresh sandbox with the VNC stack running and return the
+ * URL the user should open to watch the browser.
+ *
+ * Caller owns the returned `sandbox` and must `.kill()` it when done.
+ */
+export async function createLiveSandbox(): Promise<LiveSandbox> {
+  const sandbox = await Sandbox.create(TEMPLATE);
+
+  // Boot the VNC stack synchronously so the noVNC URL is connectable
+  // by the time we return. The script runs to completion in ~1-2s on
+  // a warm cache, ~10s on cold install of x11vnc/novnc.
+  await sandbox.commands.run(VNC_BOOT_SCRIPT, { timeoutMs: 60 * 1000 });
+
+  // `getHost(port)` returns the host portion of the public URL E2B
+  // routes to that port. The scheme is always `https://` at the edge —
+  // plain `http://` to a getHost URL produces a connection error
+  // because TLS is terminated by E2B, not the in-sandbox process.
+  const host = sandbox.getHost(NOVNC_PORT);
+  const noVncUrl = `https://${host}/vnc.html?autoconnect=true&resize=scale&reconnect=true&reconnect_delay=1500`;
+
+  return { sandbox, noVncUrl, display: VNC_DISPLAY };
+}
diff --git a/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/tsconfig.json b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..319f471d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/playwright-live-vnc-feed/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2022",
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "types": ["node"]
+  },
+  "include": ["src/**/*.ts", "examples/**/*.ts"]
+}