diff --git a/resources/bundles/org.eclipse.core.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/internal/events/BuildManager.java b/resources/bundles/org.eclipse.core.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/internal/events/BuildManager.java
index 11db4470a65..170f4d33de5 100644
--- a/resources/bundles/org.eclipse.core.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/internal/events/BuildManager.java
+++ b/resources/bundles/org.eclipse.core.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/internal/events/BuildManager.java
@@ -288,7 +288,11 @@ private void basicBuild(int trigger, IncrementalProjectBuilder builder, Map<Stri
 				depth = getWorkManager().beginUnprotected();
 				// Acquire the rule required for running this builder
 				if (rule != null) {
-					Job.getJobManager().beginRule(rule, monitor);
+					try {
+						Job.getJobManager().beginRule(rule, monitor);
+					} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+						throw handleRuleConflict(true, currentBuilder, e);
+					}
 					// Now that we've acquired the rule, changes may have been made concurrently, ensure we're pointing at the
 					// correct currentTree so delta contains concurrent changes made in areas guarded by the scheduling rule
 					if (currentTree != null) {
@@ -303,7 +307,11 @@ private void basicBuild(int trigger, IncrementalProjectBuilder builder, Map<Stri
 					getWorkManager().endUnprotected(depth);
 				}
 				if (rule != null) {
-					Job.getJobManager().endRule(rule);
+					try {
+						Job.getJobManager().endRule(rule);
+					} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+						throw handleRuleConflict(false, currentBuilder, e);
+					}
 				}
 				// Be sure to clean up after ourselves.
 				if (clean || currentBuilder.wasForgetStateRequested()) {
@@ -395,6 +403,35 @@ protected void basicBuild(IBuildConfiguration buildConfiguration, final int trig
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Wraps an {@link IllegalArgumentException} thrown by
+	 * {@link org.eclipse.core.runtime.jobs.IJobManager#beginRule(ISchedulingRule, IProgressMonitor)
+	 * beginRule} or
+	 * {@link org.eclipse.core.runtime.jobs.IJobManager#endRule(ISchedulingRule)
+	 * endRule} with builder context (label, class, plugin id, project) so the
+	 * offending builder can be identified from the stack trace. The conflicting
+	 * rule and the underlying error are preserved via the wrapped cause.
+	 *
+	 * @param beginRule {@code true} if the failure occurred during
+	 *                  {@code beginRule}, {@code false} for {@code endRule}
+	 */
+	private static IllegalArgumentException handleRuleConflict(boolean beginRule, InternalBuilder currentBuilder,
+			IllegalArgumentException e) {
+		String label = currentBuilder.getLabel();
+		String pluginId = currentBuilder.getPluginId();
+		IProject project = currentBuilder.getProject();
+		String projectName = project != null ? project.getFullPath().toString() : "<unknown>"; //$NON-NLS-1$
+		String op = beginRule ? "beginRule" : "endRule"; //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
+		String enhancedMessage = String.format("%s failed for builder %s ('%s', plugin %s) on project %s: %s", //$NON-NLS-1$
+				op,
+				currentBuilder.getClass().getName(),
+				label != null ? label : "<unknown>", //$NON-NLS-1$
+				pluginId != null ? pluginId : "<unknown>", //$NON-NLS-1$
+				projectName,
+				e.getMessage());
+		return new IllegalArgumentException(enhancedMessage, e);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Runs all builders on the given project config.
 	 * @return A status indicating if the build succeeded or failed
diff --git a/resources/tests/org.eclipse.core.tests.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/tests/internal/events/AllEventsTests.java b/resources/tests/org.eclipse.core.tests.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/tests/internal/events/AllEventsTests.java
index 4c06ebf6fef..7b06de667fc 100644
--- a/resources/tests/org.eclipse.core.tests.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/tests/internal/events/AllEventsTests.java
+++ b/resources/tests/org.eclipse.core.tests.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/tests/internal/events/AllEventsTests.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 @Suite
 @SelectClasses({ //
+		BuildManagerRuleConflictMessageTest.class, //
 		BuildProjectFromMultipleJobsTest.class, //
 })
 public class AllEventsTests {
diff --git a/resources/tests/org.eclipse.core.tests.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/tests/internal/events/BuildManagerRuleConflictMessageTest.java b/resources/tests/org.eclipse.core.tests.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/tests/internal/events/BuildManagerRuleConflictMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e5f3a4a72e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/tests/org.eclipse.core.tests.resources/src/org/eclipse/core/tests/internal/events/BuildManagerRuleConflictMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Vogella GmbH and others.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0
+ * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
+ *
+ * Contributors:
+ *     Lars Vogel <Lars.Vogel@vogella.com> - initial API and implementation
+ *******************************************************************************/
+package org.eclipse.core.tests.internal.events;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.eclipse.core.internal.events.BuildManager;
+import org.eclipse.core.internal.events.InternalBuilder;
+import org.eclipse.core.resources.IBuildConfiguration;
+import org.eclipse.core.resources.IProject;
+import org.eclipse.core.resources.IncrementalProjectBuilder;
+import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IPath;
+import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IProgressMonitor;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Verifies the format of the enhanced {@link IllegalArgumentException} that
+ * {@code BuildManager} throws when a builder hits a scheduling-rule conflict
+ * during {@code beginRule} or {@code endRule}. The wrapped message has to
+ * identify the offending builder so it can be diagnosed from a stack trace.
+ */
+public class BuildManagerRuleConflictMessageTest {
+
+	private static final String BUILDER_LABEL = "My Awesome Builder";
+	private static final String PLUGIN_ID = "com.example.builders";
+	private static final String PROJECT_PATH = "/MyProject";
+
+	@Test
+	public void beginRuleConflictMessageIdentifiesOffendingBuilder() throws Exception {
+		InternalBuilder builder = newStubBuilder(stubProject(PROJECT_PATH));
+		IllegalArgumentException original = new IllegalArgumentException(
+				"Attempted to beginRule: P/MyProject/foo, does not match outer scope rule: P/Other");
+
+		IllegalArgumentException result = invokeHandleRuleConflict(true, builder, original);
+
+		assertThat(result.getMessage()) //
+				.startsWith("beginRule failed for builder " + builder.getClass().getName()) //
+				.contains("'" + BUILDER_LABEL + "'") //
+				.contains("plugin " + PLUGIN_ID) //
+				.contains("on project " + PROJECT_PATH) //
+				.endsWith(": " + original.getMessage());
+		assertSame(original, result.getCause());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void endRuleConflictMessageIdentifiesOffendingBuilder() throws Exception {
+		InternalBuilder builder = newStubBuilder(stubProject(PROJECT_PATH));
+		IllegalArgumentException original = new IllegalArgumentException(
+				"Attempted to endRule: P/MyProject/foo, does not match the rule of current entry: P/MyProject");
+
+		IllegalArgumentException result = invokeHandleRuleConflict(false, builder, original);
+
+		assertThat(result.getMessage()) //
+				.startsWith("endRule failed for builder " + builder.getClass().getName()) //
+				.contains("'" + BUILDER_LABEL + "'") //
+				.contains("plugin " + PLUGIN_ID) //
+				.contains("on project " + PROJECT_PATH) //
+				.endsWith(": " + original.getMessage());
+		assertSame(original, result.getCause());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void messageFallsBackToPlaceholdersWhenBuilderMetadataMissing() throws Exception {
+		InternalBuilder builder = newStubBuilder(null);
+		IllegalArgumentException original = new IllegalArgumentException("boom");
+		setInternalBuilderField(builder, "label", null);
+		setInternalBuilderField(builder, "pluginId", null);
+
+		IllegalArgumentException result = invokeHandleRuleConflict(true, builder, original);
+
+		assertThat(result.getMessage()) //
+				.contains("'<unknown>'") //
+				.contains("plugin <unknown>") //
+				.contains("on project <unknown>");
+	}
+
+	private static InternalBuilder newStubBuilder(IProject project) throws Exception {
+		IncrementalProjectBuilder builder = new IncrementalProjectBuilder() {
+			@Override
+			protected IProject[] build(int kind, Map<String, String> args, IProgressMonitor monitor) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		};
+		setInternalBuilderField(builder, "label", BUILDER_LABEL);
+		setInternalBuilderField(builder, "pluginId", PLUGIN_ID);
+		setInternalBuilderField(builder, "buildConfiguration", stubBuildConfiguration(project));
+		return builder;
+	}
+
+	private static IBuildConfiguration stubBuildConfiguration(IProject project) {
+		return (IBuildConfiguration) Proxy.newProxyInstance(IBuildConfiguration.class.getClassLoader(),
+				new Class<?>[] { IBuildConfiguration.class }, (proxy, method, args) -> {
+					if ("getProject".equals(method.getName())) {
+						return project;
+					}
+					return defaultReturnValue(method.getReturnType());
+				});
+	}
+
+	private static IProject stubProject(String path) {
+		IPath fullPath = IPath.fromPortableString(path);
+		return (IProject) Proxy.newProxyInstance(IProject.class.getClassLoader(),
+				new Class<?>[] { IProject.class }, (proxy, method, args) -> {
+					if ("getFullPath".equals(method.getName())) {
+						return fullPath;
+					}
+					return defaultReturnValue(method.getReturnType());
+				});
+	}
+
+	private static Object defaultReturnValue(Class<?> returnType) {
+		if (!returnType.isPrimitive()) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		if (returnType == boolean.class) {
+			return Boolean.FALSE;
+		}
+		if (returnType == void.class) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	private static void setInternalBuilderField(InternalBuilder target, String name, Object value) throws Exception {
+		Field field = InternalBuilder.class.getDeclaredField(name);
+		field.setAccessible(true);
+		field.set(target, value);
+	}
+
+	private static IllegalArgumentException invokeHandleRuleConflict(boolean beginRule, InternalBuilder builder,
+			IllegalArgumentException original) throws Exception {
+		Method method = BuildManager.class.getDeclaredMethod("handleRuleConflict", boolean.class, InternalBuilder.class,
+				IllegalArgumentException.class);
+		method.setAccessible(true);
+		try {
+			return (IllegalArgumentException) method.invoke(null, beginRule, builder, original);
+		} catch (java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException e) {
+			Throwable cause = e.getCause();
+			if (cause instanceof RuntimeException re) {
+				throw re;
+			}
+			throw new RuntimeException(cause);
+		}
+	}
+}