From 3052e6da0a8f3c19e0e604db5c35ea71afeee54c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 10:55:19 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] chore: open v2.7.3.9005 dev increment (PR #87)

---
 DESCRIPTION | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index ebbc16b1..0426059a 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 Package: ggRandomForests
 Type: Package
 Title: Visually Exploring Random Forests
-Version: 2.7.3.9004
-Date: 2026-05-20
+Version: 2.7.3.9005
+Date: 2026-05-21
 Authors@R: person("John", "Ehrlinger",
   role = c("aut", "cre"),
   email = "john.ehrlinger@gmail.com")

From c40862194f3ee05ba2fe08ce15bce92ca99c43ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 10:56:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] test: add three failing tests for
 gg_variable.randomForest classification (PR #87)

Tests verify that gg_variable.randomForest classification forests produce:
- Per-class vote fraction columns (yhat.setosa, yhat.versicolor, yhat.virginica)
- No bare yhat column for multi-class prediction
- Valid vote fractions (0-1) that row-sum to 1
- Plottable output for multi-xvar case
- Layer_data access on single-xvar plots

All three tests currently FAIL, as expected (TDD red phase).
Implementation fix comes in T2.
---
 tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
index 4c6633d1..6974ef8c 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
@@ -368,3 +368,42 @@ test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: class attr uses 'class' not
   expect_false("classification" %in% class(gg_dta))
   expect_s3_class(gg_dta, "gg_variable")
 })
+
+## ── randomForest classification (PR #87) ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: produces yhat.* columns not yhat", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+  gg <- gg_variable(rf)
+  # Must have one column per class
+  expect_true(all(c("yhat.setosa", "yhat.versicolor", "yhat.virginica")
+                  %in% names(gg)))
+  # Must NOT have a bare yhat column for multi-class
+  expect_false("yhat" %in% names(gg))
+  # Observed-class column must be present
+  expect_true("yvar" %in% names(gg))
+  # Vote fractions must be in [0, 1] and row-sum to ~1
+  vote_cols <- c("yhat.setosa", "yhat.versicolor", "yhat.virginica")
+  expect_true(all(gg[, vote_cols] >= 0))
+  expect_true(all(gg[, vote_cols] <= 1))
+  expect_true(all(abs(rowSums(gg[, vote_cols]) - 1) < 1e-6))
+})
+
+test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: plot returns patchwork for all xvar", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+  gg <- gg_variable(rf)
+  p  <- plot(gg)
+  expect_true(inherits(p, "patchwork") || inherits(p, "ggplot"))
+})
+
+test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: layer_data works on single-xvar plot", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+  gg <- gg_variable(rf)
+  p  <- plot(gg, xvar = "Sepal.Length")
+  expect_no_error(ggplot2::layer_data(p, 1L))
+})

From 35514ecf4fabeed8bdbadcbeee9c698f34745435 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 10:57:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] fix: gg_variable.randomForest classification uses
 object\$votes for yhat.* columns

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 R/gg_variable.R | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/R/gg_variable.R b/R/gg_variable.R
index 6ddcd8dc..3c26a1a4 100644
--- a/R/gg_variable.R
+++ b/R/gg_variable.R
@@ -307,10 +307,16 @@ gg_variable.randomForest <- function(object,
   }
 
   gg_dta <- predictors
-  # Append the forest's in-bag predicted values.
-  gg_dta$yhat <- as.vector(object$predicted)
+  # For classification forests use per-class OOB vote fractions (object$votes),
+  # stored as yhat.<classname> columns — the same shape gg_variable.rfsrc
+  # produces.  For regression a single numeric yhat column suffices.
   if (object$type == "classification") {
-    gg_dta$yvar <- response
+    preds           <- object$votes   # n × n_classes matrix of OOB vote fractions
+    colnames(preds) <- paste0("yhat.", colnames(preds))
+    gg_dta          <- cbind(gg_dta, preds)
+    gg_dta$yvar     <- response
+  } else {
+    gg_dta$yhat <- as.vector(object$predicted)
   }
 
   # randomForest uses object$type ("classification" / "regression"); the

From c35c4ea8e4a14541b2926bd3218a37ecf0cf8efc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 11:03:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] fix: normalise object\$votes rows to defend against
 norm.votes=FALSE; update stale oob comment

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 R/gg_variable.R                   | 14 ++++++++++----
 tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/R/gg_variable.R b/R/gg_variable.R
index 3c26a1a4..6337276a 100644
--- a/R/gg_variable.R
+++ b/R/gg_variable.R
@@ -271,10 +271,12 @@ gg_variable.randomForest <- function(object,
                                      ...) {
   arg_list <- list(...)
 
-  # randomForest objects do not store OOB predictions in a way that maps back
-  # to the predictor space, so we always use in-bag (full-forest) predictions.
+  # For randomForest the OOB vote matrix (object$votes) is used unconditionally —
+  # it is the only honest per-class probability estimate. The oob argument is
+  # silently overridden to TRUE; randomForest does not expose in-bag class
+  # probabilities through a consistent API.
   if (!is.null(arg_list$oob)) {
-    arg_list$oob <- FALSE
+    arg_list$oob <- TRUE
   }
 
   if (!inherits(object, "randomForest")) {
@@ -311,7 +313,11 @@ gg_variable.randomForest <- function(object,
   # stored as yhat.<classname> columns — the same shape gg_variable.rfsrc
   # produces.  For regression a single numeric yhat column suffices.
   if (object$type == "classification") {
-    preds           <- object$votes   # n × n_classes matrix of OOB vote fractions
+    preds    <- object$votes   # n × n_classes matrix; may be raw counts or fractions
+    rs       <- rowSums(preds)
+    if (any(rs > 1 + 1e-8, na.rm = TRUE)) {
+      preds  <- preds / rs   # normalise raw vote counts to [0, 1]
+    }
     colnames(preds) <- paste0("yhat.", colnames(preds))
     gg_dta          <- cbind(gg_dta, preds)
     gg_dta$yvar     <- response
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
index 6974ef8c..a4d9f154 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
@@ -407,3 +407,16 @@ test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: layer_data works on single-x
   p  <- plot(gg, xvar = "Sepal.Length")
   expect_no_error(ggplot2::layer_data(p, 1L))
 })
+
+test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: norm.votes=FALSE still gives [0,1] fractions", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L,
+                                   norm.votes = FALSE)
+  gg <- gg_variable(rf)
+  vote_cols <- c("yhat.setosa", "yhat.versicolor", "yhat.virginica")
+  expect_true(all(c("yhat.setosa", "yhat.versicolor", "yhat.virginica") %in% names(gg)))
+  expect_true(all(gg[, vote_cols] >= 0))
+  expect_true(all(gg[, vote_cols] <= 1))
+  expect_true(all(abs(rowSums(gg[, vote_cols]) - 1) < 1e-6))
+})

From 2b8e8b2420d45dc1e93a0624308c21e5f151cc7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 11:04:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] test: add failing tests for plot.gg_variable smooth
 bugs (PR #87)

---
 tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
index a4d9f154..293011ba 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
@@ -420,3 +420,30 @@ test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: norm.votes=FALSE still gives
   expect_true(all(gg[, vote_cols] <= 1))
   expect_true(all(abs(rowSums(gg[, vote_cols]) - 1) < 1e-6))
 })
+
+test_that("plot.gg_variable RF classification: smooth=TRUE layer_data smokeable (binary smooth aes bug)", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  # Two-class subset to exercise the *binary* classification path
+  set.seed(42L)
+  bin_data        <- iris[iris$Species != "virginica", ]
+  bin_data$Species <- droplevels(bin_data$Species)
+  rf  <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = bin_data, ntree = 50L)
+  gg  <- gg_variable(rf)
+  p   <- plot(gg, xvar = "Sepal.Length", smooth = TRUE)
+  # Before the fix, geom_smooth(...)  has no aes and layer_data errors with
+  # "stat_smooth() requires the following missing aesthetics: x and y"
+  expect_no_error(ggplot2::layer_data(p, 2L))
+})
+
+test_that("plot.gg_variable RF classification: smooth=TRUE works for multi-class (missing block)", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+  gg <- gg_variable(rf)
+  # Before the fix the multi-class numeric path silently skips smooth=TRUE
+  # but does not error; after the fix a smooth layer is present (layer 2).
+  p  <- plot(gg, xvar = "Sepal.Length", smooth = TRUE)
+  expect_s3_class(p, "ggplot")
+  ld <- ggplot2::layer_data(p, 2L)   # layer 2 = geom_smooth
+  expect_gt(nrow(ld), 0L)
+})

From cc5d13f89fbed03cd9e8e062459a89901b7ce7e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 11:15:49 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] fix: plot.gg_variable binary smooth aes + add
 multi-class smooth block (#87)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 NEWS.md              |  2 +-
 R/plot.gg_variable.R | 12 +++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 5d0a97a4..78d19a8b 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Package: ggRandomForests
-Version: 2.7.3.9004
+Version: 2.7.3.9005
 
 ggRandomForests v2.8.0 (development) — continued
 =================================================
diff --git a/R/plot.gg_variable.R b/R/plot.gg_variable.R
index e8a7f273..dd0c1c8d 100644
--- a/R/plot.gg_variable.R
+++ b/R/plot.gg_variable.R
@@ -516,7 +516,10 @@ plot.gg_variable <- function(x, # nolint: cyclocomp_linter
             }
             if (smooth) {
               gg_plt[[ind]] <- gg_plt[[ind]] +
-                ggplot2::geom_smooth(...)
+                ggplot2::geom_smooth(
+                  ggplot2::aes(x = .data$var, y = .data$yhat),
+                  ...
+                )
             }
           } else {
             # Factor predictor: jitter + boxplot coloured by observed class
@@ -550,6 +553,13 @@ plot.gg_variable <- function(x, # nolint: cyclocomp_linter
                 ),
                 ...
               )
+            if (smooth) {
+              gg_plt[[ind]] <- gg_plt[[ind]] +
+                ggplot2::geom_smooth(
+                  ggplot2::aes(x = .data$var, y = .data$yhat),
+                  ...
+                )
+            }
           } else {
             gg_plt[[ind]] <- gg_plt[[ind]] +
               ggplot2::geom_boxplot(

From b1f0726c6f8831ec8a307c810a730a15574592f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 11:19:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] test: add vdiffr snapshots for gg_variable RF
 classification (PR #87)

---
 tests/testthat/test_snapshots.R | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_snapshots.R b/tests/testthat/test_snapshots.R
index 7894ea9b..9c0b7738 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_snapshots.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_snapshots.R
@@ -274,4 +274,27 @@ local({
     })
   }
 
+## ── randomForest classification snapshots (PR #87) ───────────────────────────
+if (requireNamespace("randomForest", quietly = TRUE)) {
+  local({
+    set.seed(42L)
+    rf_iris <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+    gg_iris <- gg_variable(rf_iris)
+
+    test_that("snapshot: gg-variable-rf-classification-default", {
+      vdiffr::expect_doppelganger(
+        "gg-variable-rf-classification-default",
+        plot(gg_iris)
+      )
+    })
+
+    test_that("snapshot: gg-variable-rf-classification-smooth", {
+      vdiffr::expect_doppelganger(
+        "gg-variable-rf-classification-smooth",
+        plot(gg_iris, xvar = "Sepal.Length", smooth = TRUE)
+      )
+    })
+  })
+}
+
 } # end CI guard

From c5744c62fc179cb75060cf7edc3a51c4248cbbf2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 11:26:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] =?UTF-8?q?docs:=20update=20NEWS=20for=20PR=20#87=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=94=20gg=5Fvariable=20RF=20classification=20fix?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 NEWS.md | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 78d19a8b..6271461c 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -31,6 +31,19 @@ ggRandomForests v2.8.0 (development) — continued
 
 ggRandomForests v2.8.0 (development)
 ====================================
+* **`gg_variable.randomForest` classification fix (#87).**
+  - `gg_variable.randomForest()` for classification forests now stores
+    per-class OOB vote fractions as `yhat.<classname>` columns (from
+    `object$votes`), matching the `rfsrc` path.  Previously a single
+    `yhat` factor column (class labels from `object$predicted`) was
+    stored, which prevented the multi-class pivot in `plot.gg_variable`
+    from firing.  Vote fractions are row-normalised to `[0, 1]` even
+    when the forest was fit with `norm.votes = FALSE`.
+  - `plot.gg_variable` binary classification: `smooth = TRUE` now
+    correctly maps x/y aesthetics onto the smooth layer.
+  - `plot.gg_variable` multi-class numeric path: `smooth = TRUE` now
+    adds a smooth layer (was silently skipped).
+  - Closes stale issues #81 (fixed in PR #83) and #82.
 * **varPro partial dependence: `gg_partial_varpro()` (#84).**
   - `gg_partial_varpro()` replaces `gg_partialpro()` as the primary entry
     point for varPro partial dependence plots.  The new extractor accepts

From 100240094e5518c870e959e863279534f3cb1b91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 11:34:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] fix: plot.gg_variable multi-class facets use class
 names not integer indices

Strip the yhat. prefix from column names when building the outcome column
in the multi-class pivot loop (line ~169), so facet labels show "setosa"/
"versicolor"/"virginica" instead of 1/2/3. Add a regression test that
verifies p@data$outcome contains class names after plotting.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 R/plot.gg_variable.R              |  3 ++-
 tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/R/plot.gg_variable.R b/R/plot.gg_variable.R
index dd0c1c8d..bc20b0c0 100644
--- a/R/plot.gg_variable.R
+++ b/R/plot.gg_variable.R
@@ -166,7 +166,8 @@ plot.gg_variable <- function(x, # nolint: cyclocomp_linter
       gg_dta_y <- gg_dta[, grep("yhat.", colnames(gg_dta))]
       lng <- ncol(gg_dta_y)
       gg2 <- parallel::mclapply(seq_len(ncol(gg_dta_y)), function(ind) {
-        cbind(gg_dta_x, yhat = gg_dta_y[, ind], outcome = ind)
+        cbind(gg_dta_x, yhat = gg_dta_y[, ind],
+              outcome = sub("^yhat\\.", "", colnames(gg_dta_y)[ind]))
       })
       gg3 <- do.call(rbind, gg2)
       gg3$outcome <- factor(gg3$outcome)
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
index 293011ba..be9bb873 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
@@ -447,3 +447,18 @@ test_that("plot.gg_variable RF classification: smooth=TRUE works for multi-class
   ld <- ggplot2::layer_data(p, 2L)   # layer 2 = geom_smooth
   expect_gt(nrow(ld), 0L)
 })
+
+test_that("plot.gg_variable RF classification multi-class: outcome column is class names not integers", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+  gg <- gg_variable(rf)
+  p  <- plot(gg, xvar = "Sepal.Length")
+  expect_s3_class(p, "ggplot")
+  # The 'outcome' column in the plot data drives facet labels.
+  # It must contain class names, not integer indices.
+  # ggplot2 >= 3.5 uses S7 slots; fall back to $ accessor for older versions.
+  pd <- tryCatch(p@data, error = function(e) p$data)
+  expect_false(is.numeric(pd$outcome))
+  expect_true(all(c("setosa", "versicolor", "virginica") %in% as.character(pd$outcome)))
+})

From bd2779042c165130c7232289d95ab2213fb27781 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 11:59:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] test: tighten patchwork assertion to match corrected
 plan (#87 Copilot review)

Plan #87 was corrected (via PR #87 Copilot review) to assert patchwork
specifically for the 4-predictor iris default-plot case, rather than the
loose patchwork||ggplot form that wouldn't catch a regression to a bare
list (issue #80).  Align the implementation test to match.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
index be9bb873..85f5b920 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
@@ -396,7 +396,10 @@ test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: plot returns patchwork for a
   rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
   gg <- gg_variable(rf)
   p  <- plot(gg)
-  expect_true(inherits(p, "patchwork") || inherits(p, "ggplot"))
+  # iris has 4 predictors so the no-xvar default assembles a multi-panel
+  # patchwork; assert patchwork specifically to catch regressions to a bare
+  # list (#80).
+  expect_s3_class(p, "patchwork")
 })
 
 test_that("gg_variable.randomForest classification: layer_data works on single-xvar plot", {

From 99be00e27f9e094a40f426ada7be547ec0f68857 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Ehrlinger <john.ehrlinger@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 14:23:12 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] =?UTF-8?q?fix:=20address=20Copilot=20review=20on=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?PR=20#88=20=E2=80=94=20oob=20warning=20+=20factor=20level=20ord?=
 =?UTF-8?q?er?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- gg_variable.randomForest: replace silent no-op oob override with an
  explicit warning when oob=FALSE is supplied, since in-bag class
  probabilities are not available via the randomForest API.
- plot.gg_variable: set outcome factor levels from gg_dta_y column order
  rather than factor() default (alphabetical), so multi-class facet panels
  follow the model's class ordering regardless of locale.
- Add two new tests: oob=FALSE warning, and outcome factor level order.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 R/gg_variable.R                   | 16 ++++++++++------
 R/plot.gg_variable.R              |  5 ++++-
 tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/R/gg_variable.R b/R/gg_variable.R
index 6337276a..f6cc447c 100644
--- a/R/gg_variable.R
+++ b/R/gg_variable.R
@@ -271,12 +271,16 @@ gg_variable.randomForest <- function(object,
                                      ...) {
   arg_list <- list(...)
 
-  # For randomForest the OOB vote matrix (object$votes) is used unconditionally —
-  # it is the only honest per-class probability estimate. The oob argument is
-  # silently overridden to TRUE; randomForest does not expose in-bag class
-  # probabilities through a consistent API.
-  if (!is.null(arg_list$oob)) {
-    arg_list$oob <- TRUE
+  # randomForest uses object$votes (OOB vote matrix) unconditionally — it is the
+  # only honest per-class probability estimate.  In-bag class probabilities are
+  # not exposed through a consistent randomForest API, so oob=FALSE is not
+  # supported.  Warn the caller rather than silently ignoring the argument.
+  if (!is.null(arg_list$oob) && identical(arg_list$oob, FALSE)) {
+    warning(
+      "oob = FALSE is not supported for randomForest objects: ",
+      "in-bag class probabilities are unavailable. ",
+      "OOB vote fractions (object$votes) will be used instead."
+    )
   }
 
   if (!inherits(object, "randomForest")) {
diff --git a/R/plot.gg_variable.R b/R/plot.gg_variable.R
index bc20b0c0..e6d7ae38 100644
--- a/R/plot.gg_variable.R
+++ b/R/plot.gg_variable.R
@@ -170,7 +170,10 @@ plot.gg_variable <- function(x, # nolint: cyclocomp_linter
               outcome = sub("^yhat\\.", "", colnames(gg_dta_y)[ind]))
       })
       gg3 <- do.call(rbind, gg2)
-      gg3$outcome <- factor(gg3$outcome)
+      # Use column order from gg_dta_y (not alphabetical) so facet panels
+      # appear in the same order as the model's class levels.
+      outcome_levels <- sub("^yhat\\.", "", colnames(gg_dta_y))
+      gg3$outcome <- factor(gg3$outcome, levels = outcome_levels)
       gg_dta <- gg3
     }
   }
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
index 85f5b920..e4bd9e40 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gg_variable.R
@@ -465,3 +465,30 @@ test_that("plot.gg_variable RF classification multi-class: outcome column is cla
   expect_false(is.numeric(pd$outcome))
   expect_true(all(c("setosa", "versicolor", "virginica") %in% as.character(pd$outcome)))
 })
+
+test_that("plot.gg_variable RF classification multi-class: outcome factor levels match column order", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+  gg <- gg_variable(rf)
+  p  <- plot(gg, xvar = "Sepal.Length")
+  pd <- tryCatch(p@data, error = function(e) p$data)
+  # Levels must follow the yhat.* column order in gg_variable output,
+  # not alphabetical order (which factor() would impose by default).
+  expected_levels <- sub("^yhat\\.", "", grep("^yhat\\.", names(gg), value = TRUE))
+  expect_equal(levels(pd$outcome), expected_levels)
+})
+
+test_that("gg_variable.randomForest: oob=FALSE triggers a warning", {
+  skip_if_not_installed("randomForest")
+  set.seed(42L)
+  rf <- randomForest::randomForest(Species ~ ., data = iris, ntree = 50L)
+  # oob=FALSE is not supported for randomForest; a warning must be emitted
+  # and OOB vote fractions are still returned.
+  expect_warning(
+    gg <- gg_variable(rf, oob = FALSE),
+    regexp = "oob = FALSE is not supported"
+  )
+  expect_s3_class(gg, "gg_variable")
+  expect_true("yhat.setosa" %in% names(gg))
+})