diff --git a/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitAnnotatedTypeFactory.java b/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitAnnotatedTypeFactory.java
index befbe2fb9937..2419e4366fda 100644
--- a/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitAnnotatedTypeFactory.java
+++ b/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitAnnotatedTypeFactory.java
@@ -113,6 +113,14 @@ public class NullnessNoInitAnnotatedTypeFactory
     private final ExecutableElement mapGet =
             TreeUtils.getMethod("java.util.Map", "get", 1, processingEnv);
 
+    /** The Collection.isEmpty method. */
+    private final ExecutableElement collectionIsEmpty =
+            TreeUtils.getMethod("java.util.Collection", "isEmpty", 0, processingEnv);
+
+    /** The Queue.poll method. */
+    private final ExecutableElement queuePoll =
+            TreeUtils.getMethod("java.util.Queue", "poll", 0, processingEnv);
+
     // List is in alphabetical order.  If you update it, also update
     // ../../../../../../../../docs/manual/nullness-checker.tex
     // and make a pull request for variables NONNULL_ANNOTATIONS and BASE_COPYABLE_ANNOTATIONS in
@@ -1072,4 +1080,24 @@ private AnnotationMirror ensuresNonNullAnno(String expression) {
     public boolean isMapGet(Node node) {
         return NodeUtils.isMethodInvocation(node, mapGet, getProcessingEnv());
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {@code node} is an invocation of Collection.isEmpty.
+     *
+     * @param node a CFG node
+     * @return true if {@code node} is an invocation of Collection.isEmpty
+     */
+    public boolean isCollectionIsEmpty(Node node) {
+        return NodeUtils.isMethodInvocation(node, collectionIsEmpty, getProcessingEnv());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {@code node} is an invocation of Queue.poll.
+     *
+     * @param node a CFG node
+     * @return true if {@code node} is an invocation of Queue.poll
+     */
+    public boolean isQueuePoll(Node node) {
+        return NodeUtils.isMethodInvocation(node, queuePoll, getProcessingEnv());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitStore.java b/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitStore.java
index 27fccb002789..1b927056c38f 100644
--- a/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitStore.java
+++ b/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitStore.java
@@ -1,18 +1,29 @@
 package org.checkerframework.checker.nullness;
 
+import com.sun.source.tree.MethodInvocationTree;
+
 import org.checkerframework.checker.initialization.InitializationAnnotatedTypeFactory;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.PolyNull;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.cfg.node.MethodInvocationNode;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.cfg.node.Node;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.cfg.visualize.CFGVisualizer;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.expression.FieldAccess;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.expression.JavaExpression;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.util.PurityUtils;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.flow.CFAbstractAnalysis;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.flow.CFAbstractStore;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.MonotonicQualifier;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.type.GenericAnnotatedTypeFactory;
+import org.checkerframework.javacutil.TreeUtils;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
 
 /**
  * In addition to the base class behavior, tracks whether {@link PolyNull} is known to be {@link
@@ -40,6 +51,9 @@ public class NullnessNoInitStore extends CFAbstractStore<NullnessNoInitValue, Nu
      */
     protected Map<FieldAccess, NullnessNoInitValue> initializedFields;
 
+    /** Receivers that are currently known to be non-empty queues. */
+    protected Set<JavaExpression> nonEmptyQueueReceivers;
+
     /**
      * Create a NullnessStore.
      *
@@ -53,6 +67,7 @@ public NullnessNoInitStore(
         super(analysis, sequentialSemantics);
         isPolyNullNonNull = false;
         isPolyNullNull = false;
+        nonEmptyQueueReceivers = new HashSet<>();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -67,6 +82,56 @@ public NullnessNoInitStore(NullnessNoInitStore s) {
         if (s.initializedFields != null) {
             initializedFields = s.initializedFields;
         }
+        nonEmptyQueueReceivers = new HashSet<>(s.nonEmptyQueueReceivers);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Marks the receiver as a queue known to be non-empty.
+     *
+     * @param receiver a queue receiver expression
+     */
+    public void markQueueAsNonEmpty(JavaExpression receiver) {
+        nonEmptyQueueReceivers.add(receiver);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the receiver is known to be a non-empty queue.
+     *
+     * @param receiver a queue receiver expression
+     * @return true if the receiver is known to be a non-empty queue
+     */
+    public boolean isQueueNonEmpty(JavaExpression receiver) {
+        return nonEmptyQueueReceivers.contains(receiver);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateForAssignment(Node n, @Nullable NullnessNoInitValue val) {
+        super.updateForAssignment(n, val);
+        JavaExpression expr = JavaExpression.fromNode(n);
+        if (expr != null) {
+            nonEmptyQueueReceivers.removeIf(
+                    receiver -> receiver.containsSyntacticEqualJavaExpression(expr));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateForMethodCall(
+            MethodInvocationNode methodInvocationNode,
+            GenericAnnotatedTypeFactory<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore, ?, ?>
+                    atypeFactory,
+            NullnessNoInitValue val) {
+        super.updateForMethodCall(methodInvocationNode, atypeFactory, val);
+
+        // Conservatively invalidate all non-empty queue information for side-effecting method
+        // calls.
+        MethodInvocationTree tree = methodInvocationNode.getTree();
+        ExecutableElement method = TreeUtils.elementFromUse(tree);
+        boolean hasSideEffect =
+                !(atypeFactory.isSideEffectFree(method)
+                        || PurityUtils.isSideEffectFree(atypeFactory, method));
+        if (hasSideEffect) {
+            nonEmptyQueueReceivers.clear();
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -118,6 +183,8 @@ public NullnessNoInitStore leastUpperBound(NullnessNoInitStore other) {
         NullnessNoInitStore lub = super.leastUpperBound(other);
         lub.isPolyNullNonNull = isPolyNullNonNull && other.isPolyNullNonNull;
         lub.isPolyNullNull = isPolyNullNull && other.isPolyNullNull;
+        lub.nonEmptyQueueReceivers = new HashSet<>(nonEmptyQueueReceivers);
+        lub.nonEmptyQueueReceivers.retainAll(other.nonEmptyQueueReceivers);
         return lub;
     }
 
@@ -131,7 +198,8 @@ protected boolean supersetOf(CFAbstractStore<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInit
                 || (other.isPolyNullNull != isPolyNullNull)) {
             return false;
         }
-        return super.supersetOf(other);
+        return super.supersetOf(other)
+                && nonEmptyQueueReceivers.containsAll(other.nonEmptyQueueReceivers);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -141,7 +209,9 @@ protected String internalVisualize(
                 + viz.getSeparator()
                 + viz.visualizeStoreKeyVal("isPolyNullNonNull", isPolyNullNonNull)
                 + viz.getSeparator()
-                + viz.visualizeStoreKeyVal("isPolyNullNull", isPolyNullNull);
+                + viz.visualizeStoreKeyVal("isPolyNullNull", isPolyNullNull)
+                + viz.getSeparator()
+                + viz.visualizeStoreKeyVal("nonEmptyQueueReceivers", nonEmptyQueueReceivers);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitTransfer.java b/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitTransfer.java
index 5eb2478f2458..ca2c420d42b5 100644
--- a/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitTransfer.java
+++ b/checker/src/main/java/org/checkerframework/checker/nullness/NullnessNoInitTransfer.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Queue;
 
 import javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationMirror;
 import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
@@ -81,6 +82,14 @@ public class NullnessNoInitTransfer
      */
     protected final AnnotatedDeclaredType MAP_TYPE;
 
+    /**
+     * Java's Queue interface.
+     *
+     * <p>The qualifiers in this type don't matter -- it is not used as a fully-annotated
+     * AnnotatedDeclaredType, but just passed to asSuper().
+     */
+    protected final AnnotatedDeclaredType QUEUE_TYPE;
+
     /** The type factory for the nullness analysis that was passed to the constructor. */
     protected final NullnessNoInitAnnotatedTypeFactory nullnessTypeFactory;
 
@@ -130,6 +139,14 @@ public NullnessNoInitTransfer(NullnessNoInitAnalysis analysis) {
                                 nullnessTypeFactory,
                                 false);
 
+        QUEUE_TYPE =
+                (AnnotatedDeclaredType)
+                        AnnotatedTypeMirror.createType(
+                                TypesUtils.typeFromClass(
+                                        Queue.class, analysis.getTypes(), elements),
+                                nullnessTypeFactory,
+                                false);
+
         nonNullAssumptionAfterInvocation =
                 !analysis.getTypeFactory()
                         .getChecker()
@@ -411,6 +428,15 @@ public TransferResult<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> visitThrow(
     @Override
     public TransferResult<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> visitMethodInvocation(
             MethodInvocationNode n, TransferInput<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> in) {
+        Node receiver = n.getTarget().getReceiver();
+        JavaExpression receiverExpr = JavaExpression.fromNode(receiver);
+        // Capture queue non-emptiness fact before superclass mutates the store when handling side
+        // effects.
+        boolean isNonEmptyQueuePoll =
+                nullnessTypeFactory.isQueuePoll(n)
+                        && receiverExpr != null
+                        && in.getRegularStore().isQueueNonEmpty(receiverExpr);
+
         TransferResult<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> result =
                 super.visitMethodInvocation(n, in);
 
@@ -420,7 +446,6 @@ public TransferResult<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> visitMethodInvoc
         boolean isMethodSideEffectFree =
                 nullnessTypeFactory.isSideEffectFree(method)
                         || PurityUtils.isSideEffectFree(nullnessTypeFactory, method);
-        Node receiver = n.getTarget().getReceiver();
         if (nonNullAssumptionAfterInvocation
                 || isMethodSideEffectFree
                 || !JavaExpression.fromNode(receiver).isAssignableByOtherCode()) {
@@ -464,6 +489,27 @@ public TransferResult<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> visitMethodInvoc
             }
         }
 
+        // Handle Collection.isEmpty(): mark receiver as non-empty in the false branch.
+        if (nullnessTypeFactory.isCollectionIsEmpty(n)) {
+            if (receiverExpr != null) {
+                NullnessNoInitStore thenStore = result.getThenStore();
+                NullnessNoInitStore elseStore = result.getElseStore();
+                elseStore.markQueueAsNonEmpty(receiverExpr);
+                return new ConditionalTransferResult<>(
+                        result.getResultValue(), thenStore, elseStore);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Refine result to @NonNull if n is an invocation of Queue.poll(), the receiver is known to
+        // be non-empty, and Queue element type is @NonNull
+        if (isNonEmptyQueuePoll) {
+            AnnotatedTypeMirror receiverType = nullnessTypeFactory.getReceiverType(n.getTree());
+            if (!isElementTypeNullable(receiverType)) {
+                makeNonNull(result, n);
+                refineToNonNull(result);
+            }
+        }
+
         return result;
     }
 
@@ -485,6 +531,24 @@ private boolean isValueTypeNullable(AnnotatedTypeMirror mapOrSubtype) {
         return valueType.hasAnnotation(NULLABLE);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns true if queueType's element type (the E type argument to Queue) is @Nullable.
+     *
+     * @param queueOrSubtype the Queue type, or a subtype
+     * @return true if queueType's element type is @Nullable
+     */
+    private boolean isElementTypeNullable(AnnotatedTypeMirror queueOrSubtype) {
+        AnnotatedDeclaredType queueType =
+                AnnotatedTypes.asSuper(nullnessTypeFactory, queueOrSubtype, QUEUE_TYPE);
+        int numTypeArguments = queueType.getTypeArguments().size();
+        if (numTypeArguments != 1) {
+            throw new TypeSystemError(
+                    "Wrong number %d of type arguments: %s", numTypeArguments, queueType);
+        }
+        AnnotatedTypeMirror elementType = queueType.getTypeArguments().get(0);
+        return elementType.hasAnnotation(NULLABLE);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public TransferResult<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> visitReturn(
             ReturnNode n, TransferInput<NullnessNoInitValue, NullnessNoInitStore> in) {
diff --git a/checker/tests/nullness-extra/issue5174/Issue5174.out b/checker/tests/nullness-extra/issue5174/Issue5174.out
index 81e50d518d05..624a47823a13 100644
--- a/checker/tests/nullness-extra/issue5174/Issue5174.out
+++ b/checker/tests/nullness-extra/issue5174/Issue5174.out
@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ Before: InitializationStore#19(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#27(
 
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -136,7 +137,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#27(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#27(
 
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 ""   [ StringLiteral ]    > NV{@NonNull, String, poly nn/n=f/f}
 (this).sf = ""   [ Assignment ]    > NV{@NonNull, String, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -145,7 +147,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#27(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#28(
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, String, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 7 -> 8
@@ -158,7 +161,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#32(
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this.f > NV{, S, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -169,7 +173,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#32(
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this.f > NV{, S, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 in   [ LocalVariable ]    > NV{, S, poly nn/n=f/f}
 return in   [ Return ]    > NV{@NonNull, boolean, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -181,7 +186,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#33(
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this.f > NV{, S, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 13 -> 14
@@ -197,7 +203,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#37(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -207,7 +214,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#37(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this)   [ ImplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
 (this).<init>   [ MethodAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -218,7 +226,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#38(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this).<init>()   [ MethodInvocation ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -229,7 +238,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#39(
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this.<init>() > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 expression statement super()   [ ExpressionStatement ]
 this   [ ExplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -244,7 +254,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#40(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -255,7 +266,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#43(
   Issue5174Super<S>.sf > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this.f > NV{, S, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 20 -> 21
@@ -1006,7 +1018,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#275(
   f > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1015,7 +1028,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#275(
   f > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this)   [ ImplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 (this).<init>   [ MethodAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1026,7 +1040,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#276(
   f > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this).<init>(f)   [ MethodInvocation ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1035,7 +1050,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#277(
   f > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 expression statement super(f)   [ ExpressionStatement ]
 
@@ -1044,7 +1060,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#278(
   f > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1053,7 +1070,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#281(
   f > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 27 -> 28
@@ -1068,7 +1086,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#288(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1077,7 +1096,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#288(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 (this)   [ ImplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1089,7 +1109,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#289(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this).methodInner(in)   [ MethodInvocation ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1098,7 +1119,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#290(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o = (this).methodInner(in)   [ Assignment ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1107,7 +1129,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#291(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1117,7 +1140,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#294(
   o > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 34 -> 35
@@ -1132,7 +1156,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#301(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1141,7 +1166,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#301(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 this   [ ExplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1153,7 +1179,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#302(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 this.methodInner(in)   [ MethodInvocation ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1162,7 +1189,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#303(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o = this.methodInner(in)   [ Assignment ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1171,7 +1199,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#304(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1181,7 +1210,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#307(
   o > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 41 -> 42
@@ -1191,7 +1221,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#307(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#314(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1199,7 +1230,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#314(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#314(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 (this)   [ ImplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1211,7 +1243,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#315(
   o > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 46 -> 47
@@ -1221,7 +1254,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#315(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#319(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1229,7 +1263,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#319(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#319(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 this   [ ExplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1241,7 +1276,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#320(
   o > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 51 -> 52
@@ -1269,7 +1305,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#320(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#324(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1277,7 +1314,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#324(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#324(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 o   [ LocalVariable ]
@@ -1286,7 +1324,8 @@ o   [ LocalVariable ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#325(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super   [ ClassName ]
 
@@ -1294,7 +1333,8 @@ Issue5174Super   [ ClassName ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#326(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super.sf   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 o = Issue5174Super.sf   [ Assignment ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1305,7 +1345,8 @@ o   [ LocalVariable ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#327(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1314,7 +1355,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#334(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub   [ ClassName ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1323,7 +1365,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#335(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub.sf   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 o = Issue5174Sub.sf   [ Assignment ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1335,7 +1378,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#344(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super   [ ClassName ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1344,7 +1388,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#345(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super.sf   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 o = Issue5174Super.sf   [ Assignment ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1355,7 +1400,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#354(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 62 -> 63
@@ -1369,7 +1415,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#354(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#365(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1377,7 +1424,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#365(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#365(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this)   [ ImplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
 (this).<init>   [ MethodAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1386,7 +1434,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#365(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#366(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this).<init>()   [ MethodInvocation ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1395,7 +1444,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#367(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this.<init>() > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 expression statement super()   [ ExpressionStatement ]
 
@@ -1403,7 +1453,8 @@ expression statement super()   [ ExpressionStatement ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#368(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1412,7 +1463,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#371(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this.<init>() > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 69 -> 70
@@ -1427,7 +1479,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#378(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1436,7 +1489,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#378(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 (this)   [ ImplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1448,7 +1502,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#379(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 (this).methodInner(in)   [ MethodInvocation ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1457,7 +1512,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#380(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o = (this).methodInner(in)   [ Assignment ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1466,7 +1522,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#381(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1476,7 +1533,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#384(
   o > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 76 -> 77
@@ -1501,7 +1559,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#391(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1510,7 +1569,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#391(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 
@@ -1519,7 +1579,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#392(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub   [ ClassName ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1528,7 +1589,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#393(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub.this   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1537,7 +1599,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#410(
   in > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1547,7 +1610,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#401(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub.this.methodInner   [ MethodAccess ]
 
@@ -1557,7 +1621,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#404(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 in   [ LocalVariable ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1567,7 +1632,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#407(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub.this.methodInner(in)   [ MethodInvocation ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1577,7 +1643,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#408(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o = Issue5174Sub.this.methodInner(in)   [ Assignment ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1588,7 +1655,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#413(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 89 -> 90
@@ -1598,7 +1666,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#413(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#424(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1606,7 +1675,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#424(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#424(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 (this)   [ ImplicitThis ]    > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1618,7 +1688,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#425(
   o > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 94 -> 95
@@ -1638,7 +1709,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#425(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#429(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1646,7 +1718,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#429(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#429(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 
@@ -1654,7 +1727,8 @@ o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#430(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub   [ ClassName ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1662,7 +1736,8 @@ Issue5174Sub   [ ClassName ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#431(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub.this   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1670,7 +1745,8 @@ Issue5174Sub.this   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#432(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1679,7 +1755,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#439(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub.this.f   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1688,7 +1765,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#442(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o = Issue5174Sub.this.f   [ Assignment ]    > NV{, T, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1698,7 +1776,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#445(
   this > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   Issue5174Sub.class > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
 105 -> 106
@@ -1726,7 +1805,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#445(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#454(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <entry>
 
@@ -1734,7 +1814,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#454(
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#454(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 o   [ VariableDeclaration ]
 o   [ LocalVariable ]
@@ -1743,7 +1824,8 @@ o   [ LocalVariable ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#455(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super   [ ClassName ]
 
@@ -1751,7 +1833,8 @@ Issue5174Super   [ ClassName ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#456(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super.sf   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 o = Issue5174Super.sf   [ Assignment ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1762,7 +1845,8 @@ o   [ LocalVariable ]
 Before: NullnessNoInitStore#457(
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exceptional-exit>
 
@@ -1771,7 +1855,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#464(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub   [ ClassName ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Sub, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1780,7 +1865,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#465(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Sub.sf   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 o = Issue5174Sub.sf   [ Assignment ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1792,7 +1878,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#474(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super   [ ClassName ]    > NV{@NonNull, Issue5174Super, poly nn/n=f/f}
 
@@ -1801,7 +1888,8 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#475(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Issue5174Super.sf   [ FieldAccess ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
 o = Issue5174Super.sf   [ Assignment ]    > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
@@ -1812,6 +1900,7 @@ Before: NullnessNoInitStore#484(
   o > NV{@NonNull, Object, poly nn/n=f/f}
   this > NV{@NonNull, SubNested, poly nn/n=f/f}
   isPolyNullNonNull = false
-  isPolyNullNull = false)
+  isPolyNullNull = false
+  nonEmptyQueueReceivers = [])
 ~~~~~~~~~
 <exit>
diff --git a/checker/tests/nullness/IsEmptyPoll.java b/checker/tests/nullness/IsEmptyPoll.java
index 30f618aca32e..37e863f523c7 100644
--- a/checker/tests/nullness/IsEmptyPoll.java
+++ b/checker/tests/nullness/IsEmptyPoll.java
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Test case for Issue 399:
 // https://github.com/typetools/checker-framework/issues/399
 
-// @skip-test until the issue is fixed
-
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 
@@ -17,6 +15,13 @@ void mNonNull(Queue<String> q) {
         }
     }
 
+    void noSideEffectMethod(Queue<String> q) {
+        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
+            q.size();
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
     void mNullable(Queue<@Nullable String> q) {
         while (!q.isEmpty()) {
             // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
@@ -28,4 +33,83 @@ void mNoCheck(Queue<@Nullable String> q) {
         // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
         @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
     }
+
+    void secondPoll(Queue<String> q) {
+        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String secondNode = q.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void replaceQueue(Queue<String> q1, Queue<String> q2) {
+        while (!q1.isEmpty()) {
+            q1 = q2;
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q1.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void removeBeforePoll(Queue<String> q) {
+        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
+            q.remove();
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void clearBeforePoll(Queue<String> q) {
+        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
+            q.clear();
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void conditionalClearBeforePoll(Queue<String> q, boolean bool) {
+        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
+            if (bool) {
+                q.clear();
+            }
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void aliasClearBeforePoll(Queue<String> q) {
+        Queue<String> a = q;
+        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
+            a.clear();
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void potentiallyRelatedMutation(Queue<String> q1, Queue<String> q2) {
+        while (!q1.isEmpty()) {
+            q2.clear();
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q1.poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void indexPoll(Queue<String>[] arr, int i) {
+        while (!arr[i].isEmpty()) {
+            i++;
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = arr[i].poll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void clearViaArg(Queue<String> q) {
+        q.clear();
+    }
+
+    void argMutate(Queue<String> q) {
+        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
+            clearViaArg(q);
+            // :: error: (assignment.type.incompatible)
+            @NonNull String firstNode = q.poll();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/docs/CHANGELOG.md b/docs/CHANGELOG.md
index e60707ca2db9..fe33cd927782 100644
--- a/docs/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/docs/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ The Nullness Checker now recognizes references to private, final fields with zer
 
 The `ClassBound` annotation can now be used with anonymous types.
 
+The Nullness Checker now refines `Queue.poll()` to `@NonNull` after a false `isEmpty()` check for queues with `@NonNull` element types.
+
 **Implementation details:**
 
 `CFAbstractTranfer` now returns a `RegularTransferResult` when the visited method has non-boolean return type, instead of always returning a `ConditionalTransferResult`.