emlearn · jonnor · Nov 14, 2025 · Nov 14, 2025 · Nov 14, 2025 · Nov 14, 2025
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
@@ -28,62 +28,40 @@ PORT_DIST_DIR=./dist/ports/$(PORT)/$(BOARD)
 
 UNIX_MICROPYTHON = ./dist/ports/unix/micropython
 
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_trees.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_trees/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
 
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_neighbors.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_neighbors/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_iir.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_iir/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_fft.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_fft/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_cnn_int8.mpy:
-	make -C src/tinymaix_cnn/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 CONFIG=int8 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_cnn_fp32.mpy:
-	make -C src/tinymaix_cnn/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 CONFIG=fp32 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_kmeans.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_kmeans/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_iir_q15.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_iir_q15/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_arrayutils.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_arrayutils/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
-
-$(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_linreg.mpy:
-	make -C src/emlearn_linreg/ ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} V=1 clean dist
-
-emlearn_trees.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_trees.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_trees.py
-
-emlearn_neighbors.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_neighbors.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_neighbors.py
-
-emlearn_iir.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_iir.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_iir.py
-
-emlearn_fft.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_fft.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_fft.py
-
-emlearn_cnn.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_cnn_int8.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_cnn_fp32.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_cnn.py
-
-emlearn_kmeans.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_kmeans.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_kmeans.py
-
-emlearn_iir_q15.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_iir_q15.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_iir_q15.py
-
-emlearn_arrayutils.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_arrayutils.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_arrayutils.py
-
-emlearn_linreg.results: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_linreg.mpy
-	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_linreg.py
+# List of modules
+MODULES = emlearn_trees \
+	emlearn_neighbors \
+	emlearn_iir \
+	emlearn_fft \
+	emlearn_kmeans \
+	emlearn_iir_q15 \
+	emlearn_arrayutils \
+	emlearn_linreg \
+	emlearn_cnn_int8 \
+	emlearn_cnn_fp32
+
+# Generate list of .mpy files
+MODULE_MPYS = $(addprefix $(MODULES_PATH)/,$(addsuffix .mpy,$(MODULES)))
+
+# Special cases
+emlearn_cnn_int8_SRC = src/tinymaix_cnn
+emlearn_cnn_int8_CONFIG = CONFIG=int8
+emlearn_cnn_fp32_SRC = src/tinymaix_cnn
+emlearn_cnn_fp32_CONFIG = CONFIG=fp32
+
+# Generate list of .mpy files
+MODULE_MPYS = $(addprefix $(MODULES_PATH)/,$(addsuffix .mpy,$(MODULES)))
+
+# Build dynamic native module
+# defaults to
+$(MODULES_PATH)/%.mpy:
+	make -C $(or $($(*)_SRC),src/$*) \
+		ARCH=$(ARCH) MPY_DIR=$(MPY_DIR_ABS) CFLAGS_EXTRA=${CFLAGS_EXTRA} \
+		V=1 $($(*)_CONFIG) clean dist
+
+check_unix_natmod: $(MODULE_MPYS)
+	MICROPYPATH=$(MODULES_PATH) $(MICROPYTHON_BIN) tests/test_all.py
 
 $(PORT_DIR):
 	mkdir -p $@
@@ -95,11 +73,8 @@ $(UNIX_MICROPYTHON): $(PORT_DIR)
 unix: $(UNIX_MICROPYTHON)
 
 check_unix: $(UNIX_MICROPYTHON)
-	$(UNIX_MICROPYTHON) tests/test_trees.py
-	$(UNIX_MICROPYTHON) tests/test_iir.py
-	$(UNIX_MICROPYTHON) tests/test_fft.py
-	$(UNIX_MICROPYTHON) tests/test_arrayutils.py
-	echo SKIP $(UNIX_MICROPYTHON) tests/test_cnn.py
+	$(UNIX_MICROPYTHON) tests/test_all.py test_iir,test_fft,test_arrayutils
+	# TODO: enable more modules
 
 rp2: $(PORT_DIR)
 	make -C $(MPY_DIR)/ports/rp2 V=1 USER_C_MODULES=$(C_MODULES_SRC_PATH)/micropython.cmake FROZEN_MANIFEST=$(MANIFEST_PATH) CFLAGS_EXTRA='-Wno-unused-function -Wno-unused-function' -j4
@@ -130,8 +105,8 @@ release:
 	zip -r $(RELEASE_NAME).zip $(RELEASE_NAME)
 	#cp $(RELEASE_NAME).zip emlearn-micropython-latest.zip
 
-check: emlearn_trees.results emlearn_neighbors.results emlearn_iir.results emlearn_iir_q15.results emlearn_fft.results emlearn_kmeans.results emlearn_arrayutils.results emlearn_cnn.results emlearn_linreg.results
+check: check_unix_natmod
 
-dist: $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_trees.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_neighbors.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_iir.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_iir_q15.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_fft.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_kmeans.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_arrayutils.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_cnn_int8.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_cnn_fp32.mpy $(MODULES_PATH)/emlearn_linreg.mpy
+dist: $(MODULE_MPYS)
 
 
diff --git a/docs/developing.md b/docs/developing.md
@@ -61,6 +61,15 @@ NOTE: Tested on Linux and Mac OS. Not tested on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL
 make check_unix
 ```
 
+You should see each of the test functions in tests/ being ran,
+and then a summary at the end with something like:
+
+```
+...
+Passed: 17
+Failed: 0
+```
+
 #### Run tests on PC using dynamic native modules
 
 This runs tests by building as dynamic native modules (.mpy files),
@@ -75,6 +84,14 @@ To build and run tests of dynamic native modules on host
 make check
 ```
 
+You should see each of the test functions in tests/ being ran,
+and then a summary at the end with something like:
+
+```
+...
+Passed: 17
+Failed: 0
+```
 
 #### Build for device
 
@@ -91,6 +108,24 @@ Install it on device
 mpremote cp dist/armv6m*/emlearn_trees.mpy :emlearn_trees.mpy
 ```
 
+#### Running tests on device
+
+NOTE: Assumes that the .mpy files have been built first (in dist/).
+
+We use `mpremote mount`, which allows the device to access files on the PC/host filesystem. This means we do not have to copy the modules or files across.
+
+```
+mpremote mount . run tests/test_all.py
+```
+
+You should see each of the test functions in tests/ being ran,
+and then a summary at the end with something like:
+
+```
+...
+Passed: 17
+Failed: 0
+```
 
 ## Building documentation
 

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ scikit-learn>=1.0.0
 ar>=1.0.0
 pyelftools>=0.31
 setuptools>=71.0.0
+mpremote>=1.25.0
diff --git a/tests/test_all.py b/tests/test_all.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+
+import sys
+
+# Find the module path (architecture+version specific)
+sys_mpy = sys.implementation._mpy
+mpy_arch = [None, 'x86', 'x64',
+    'armv6', 'armv6m', 'armv7m', 'armv7em', 'armv7emsp', 'armv7emdp',
+    'xtensa', 'xtensawin', 'rv32imc'][sys_mpy >> 10]
+mpy_major = sys_mpy & 0xff
+mpy_minor = sys_mpy >> 8 & 3
+
+module_dir = f'{mpy_arch}_{mpy_major}.{mpy_minor}' 
+
+# make sure we can import .mpy modules
+sys.path.insert(0, './dist/'+module_dir)
+
+# make sure we can import test files
+sys.path.insert(0, './tests')
+
+
+TEST_MODULES=[
+    'test_arrayutils',
+    'test_cnn',
+    'test_fft',
+    'test_iir',
+    'test_iir_q15',
+    'test_kmeans',
+    'test_linreg',
+    #'test_linreg_california',
+    'test_neighbors',
+    'test_trees',
+]
+
+def main():
+
+    # Find which tests are enabled
+    # Default: all
+
+    modules = TEST_MODULES
+    if len(sys.argv) >= 2:
+        modules = sys.argv[1].split(',') 
+
+    passed = 0
+    failed = 0
+
+    for module_name in modules:
+        mod = None
+        print(f'{module_name}:')
+        try:
+            mod = __import__(module_name)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f'Error while importing {module_name}:')
+            sys.print_exception(e)
+            print() # spacing for readability 
+            failed += 1
+            continue
+
+        module_attributes = dir(mod)
+        tests = [ o for o in module_attributes if o.startswith('test_') ]
+        for test_name in tests:
+            test_function = getattr(mod, test_name)
+            print(f'{module_name}.py/{test_name}:')
+            try:
+                test_function()
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f'\tFAIL')
+                sys.print_exception(e)
+                print() # spacing for readability 
+                failed += 1
+                continue
+
+            print(f'\t PASS')
+            passed += 1
+
+    print(f'Passed: {passed}')
+    print(f'Failed: {failed}')
+
+    # Let status code reflect number of failures
+    return failed
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/tests/test_arrayutils.py b/tests/test_arrayutils.py
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ def test_arrayutils_linear_map_float_int16():
     print('linear_map int16>float>int16', length, d/1000.0)
     assert_almost_equal(out, int16)
 
-
-test_arrayutils_linear_map_float_int16()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_arrayutils_linear_map_float_int16()
 
 # Other functionality
 # reinterpret

diff --git a/tests/test_cnn.py b/tests/test_cnn.py
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ def test_cnn_mnist_int8():
 
 def test_cnn_mnist_fp32():
     check_cnn_mnist(emlearn_cnn_fp32, MNIST_MODEL_FP32)
-
 
-test_cnn_create()
-test_cnn_mnist_int8()
-test_cnn_mnist_fp32()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_cnn_create()
+    test_cnn_mnist_int8()
+    test_cnn_mnist_fp32()
diff --git a/tests/test_fft.py b/tests/test_fft.py
@@ -43,5 +43,6 @@ def test_fft_run():
 
     # FIXME: use some reasonable input data and assert the output data
 
-test_fft_del()
-test_fft_run()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_fft_del()
+    test_fft_run()
diff --git a/tests/test_iir.py b/tests/test_iir.py
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ def test_iir_del():
     print(before_new, after_new, after_del)
     #assert diff == 0, diff
 
-
-test_iir_del()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_iir_del()
diff --git a/tests/test_iir_q15.py b/tests/test_iir_q15.py
@@ -51,6 +51,6 @@ def test_iir_del():
     #assert diff == 0, diff
 
 # TODO: add a test that actually runs
-
-test_convert_coefficients()
-test_iir_del()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_convert_coefficients()
+    test_iir_del()
diff --git a/tests/test_kmeans.py b/tests/test_kmeans.py
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ def test_kmeans_many_features():
     assert min(assignments) >= 0
     assert max(assignments) < n_clusters
 
-test_kmeans_two_clusters()
-test_kmeans_many_features()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_kmeans_two_clusters()
+    test_kmeans_many_features()
 
diff --git a/tests/test_linreg.py b/tests/test_linreg.py
@@ -2,15 +2,22 @@
 import emlearn_linreg
 import array
 
-model = emlearn_linreg.new(4, 0.1, 0.5, 0.01)
+def test_linreg_train_trivial():
 
-# Training data (float32 arrays)
-X = array.array('f', [1,2,3,4, 2,3,4,5])  # flattened
-y = array.array('f', [10, 15])
+    model = emlearn_linreg.new(4, 0.1, 0.5, 0.01)
 
-# Train
-emlearn_linreg.train(model, X, y, max_iterations=100, tolerance=1e-6, verbose=0)
+    # Training data (float32 arrays)
+    X = array.array('f', [1,2,3,4, 2,3,4,5])  # flattened
+    y = array.array('f', [10, 15])
 
-# Predict
-prediction = model.predict(array.array('f', [1,2,3,4]))
-print(prediction)
+    # Train
+    emlearn_linreg.train(model, X, y, max_iterations=100, tolerance=1e-6, verbose=0)
+
+    # Predict
+    prediction = model.predict(array.array('f', [1,2,3,4]))
+
+    error = prediction - 10.0
+    assert abs(error) < 0.80, error
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_linreg_train_trivial()
diff --git a/tests/test_neighbors.py b/tests/test_neighbors.py
@@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ def test_neighbors_get_results():
     assert model.getresult(0)[2] == 0
     assert model.getresult(3)[2] == 1
 
-test_neighbors_del()
-test_neighbors_trivial()
-test_neighbors_get_results()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_neighbors_del()
+    test_neighbors_trivial()
+    test_neighbors_get_results()
+
diff --git a/tests/test_trees.py b/tests/test_trees.py
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ def test_trees_xor():
         result = argmax(out)
         assert result == expect, (ex, expect, result)
 
-test_trees_del()
-test_trees_xor()
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_trees_del()
+    test_trees_xor()