diff --git a/api/v1alpha1/compression_types.go b/api/v1alpha1/compression_types.go
index 9ceb0efedd..805e367f86 100644
--- a/api/v1alpha1/compression_types.go
+++ b/api/v1alpha1/compression_types.go
@@ -68,4 +68,13 @@ type Compression struct {
 	// +kubebuilder:validation:XIntOrString
 	// +kubebuilder:validation:Pattern="^[1-9]+[0-9]*([EPTGMK]i|[EPTGMk])?$"
 	MinContentLength *resource.Quantity `json:"minContentLength,omitempty"`
+
+	// ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+	// When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+	// If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+	// application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+	// text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+	//
+	// +optional
+	ContentTypes []string `json:"contentTypes,omitempty"`
 }
diff --git a/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go b/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
index 4207e23a77..b6e6c2210b 100644
--- a/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -1683,6 +1683,11 @@ func (in *Compression) DeepCopyInto(out *Compression) {
 		x := (*in).DeepCopy()
 		*out = &x
 	}
+	if in.ContentTypes != nil {
+		in, out := &in.ContentTypes, &out.ContentTypes
+		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
+		copy(*out, *in)
+	}
 }
 
 // DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new Compression.
diff --git a/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml b/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml
index 575c1136c5..1e180ef4a8 100644
--- a/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml
+++ b/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml
@@ -369,6 +369,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -414,6 +424,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
diff --git a/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml b/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml
index d8a048a90b..3b511b0b3d 100644
--- a/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml
+++ b/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml
@@ -14692,6 +14692,16 @@ spec:
                               brotli:
                                 description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                                 type: object
+                              contentTypes:
+                                description: |-
+                                  ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                                  When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                                  If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                                  application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                                  text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                                items:
+                                  type: string
+                                type: array
                               gzip:
                                 description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                                 type: object
diff --git a/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml b/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml
index 7572080368..362ca86c6e 100644
--- a/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml
+++ b/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_backendtrafficpolicies.yaml
@@ -368,6 +368,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -413,6 +423,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
diff --git a/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml b/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml
index 5736db43cd..b0e0ae66a5 100644
--- a/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml
+++ b/charts/gateway-helm/charts/crds/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_envoyproxies.yaml
@@ -14691,6 +14691,16 @@ spec:
                               brotli:
                                 description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                                 type: object
+                              contentTypes:
+                                description: |-
+                                  ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                                  When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                                  If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                                  application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                                  text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                                items:
+                                  type: string
+                                type: array
                               gzip:
                                 description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                                 type: object
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy.go b/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy.go
index 933ba491fb..b6defc4ecd 100644
--- a/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy.go
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy.go
@@ -2092,17 +2092,7 @@ func buildCompression(compression, compressor []*egv1a1.Compression) []*ir.Compr
 			if (c.Type == egv1a1.GzipCompressorType && c.Gzip != nil) ||
 				(c.Type == egv1a1.BrotliCompressorType && c.Brotli != nil) ||
 				(c.Type == egv1a1.ZstdCompressorType && c.Zstd != nil) {
-				irCompression := ir.Compression{
-					Type:        c.Type,
-					ChooseFirst: i == 0, // only the first compressor is marked as ChooseFirst
-				}
-				if c.MinContentLength != nil {
-					minContentLength, ok := c.MinContentLength.AsInt64()
-					if ok {
-						irCompression.MinContentLength = new(uint32(minContentLength))
-					}
-				}
-				result = append(result, &irCompression)
+				result = append(result, buildIRCompression(c, i == 0))
 			}
 		}
 		return result
@@ -2114,22 +2104,29 @@ func buildCompression(compression, compressor []*egv1a1.Compression) []*ir.Compr
 	}
 	result := make([]*ir.Compression, 0, len(compression))
 	for i, c := range compression {
-		irCompression := ir.Compression{
-			Type:        c.Type,
-			ChooseFirst: i == 0, // only the first compressor is marked as ChooseFirst
-		}
-		if c.MinContentLength != nil {
-			minContentLength, ok := c.MinContentLength.AsInt64()
-			if ok {
-				irCompression.MinContentLength = new(uint32(minContentLength))
-			}
-		}
-		result = append(result, &irCompression)
+		result = append(result, buildIRCompression(c, i == 0))
 	}
 
 	return result
 }
 
+func buildIRCompression(c *egv1a1.Compression, chooseFirst bool) *ir.Compression {
+	irCompression := &ir.Compression{
+		Type:        c.Type,
+		ChooseFirst: chooseFirst, // only the first compressor is marked as ChooseFirst
+	}
+	if c.MinContentLength != nil {
+		minContentLength, ok := c.MinContentLength.AsInt64()
+		if ok {
+			irCompression.MinContentLength = new(uint32(minContentLength))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(c.ContentTypes) > 0 {
+		irCompression.ContentTypes = append([]string{}, c.ContentTypes...)
+	}
+	return irCompression
+}
+
 func buildHTTPProtocolUpgradeConfig(cfgs []*egv1a1.ProtocolUpgradeConfig) []ir.HTTPUpgradeConfig {
 	if len(cfgs) == 0 {
 		return nil
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy_test.go b/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy_test.go
index cb4c8e6cac..8a2069d444 100644
--- a/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy_test.go
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/backendtrafficpolicy_test.go
@@ -396,6 +396,23 @@ func TestBuildCompression(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "compressor with contentTypes",
+			compressor: []*egv1a1.Compression{
+				{
+					Type:         egv1a1.GzipCompressorType,
+					Gzip:         &egv1a1.GzipCompressor{},
+					ContentTypes: []string{"application/json", "text/html"},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []*ir.Compression{
+				{
+					Type:         egv1a1.GzipCompressorType,
+					ChooseFirst:  true,
+					ContentTypes: []string{"application/json", "text/html"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple compressors with different minContentLength",
 			compressor: []*egv1a1.Compression{
@@ -424,14 +441,26 @@ func TestBuildCompression(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name: "compressor takes priority over compression",
-			compression: []*egv1a1.Compression{
+			name: "compressor with minContentLength and contentTypes",
+			compressor: []*egv1a1.Compression{
 				{
-					Type:             egv1a1.GzipCompressorType,
-					Gzip:             &egv1a1.GzipCompressor{},
-					MinContentLength: new(resource.MustParse("100")),
+					Type:             egv1a1.BrotliCompressorType,
+					Brotli:           &egv1a1.BrotliCompressor{},
+					MinContentLength: new(resource.MustParse("200")),
+					ContentTypes:     []string{"application/json"},
 				},
 			},
+			expected: []*ir.Compression{
+				{
+					Type:             egv1a1.BrotliCompressorType,
+					ChooseFirst:      true,
+					MinContentLength: new(uint32(200)),
+					ContentTypes:     []string{"application/json"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "compressor takes priority over compression",
 			compressor: []*egv1a1.Compression{
 				{
 					Type:             egv1a1.BrotliCompressorType,
@@ -439,6 +468,13 @@ func TestBuildCompression(t *testing.T) {
 					MinContentLength: new(resource.MustParse("200")),
 				},
 			},
+			compression: []*egv1a1.Compression{
+				{
+					Type:             egv1a1.GzipCompressorType,
+					Gzip:             &egv1a1.GzipCompressor{},
+					MinContentLength: new(resource.MustParse("100")),
+				},
+			},
 			expected: []*ir.Compression{
 				{
 					Type:             egv1a1.BrotliCompressorType,
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/backendtrafficpolicy-compressor-basic.content-types.in.yaml b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/backendtrafficpolicy-compressor-basic.content-types.in.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f7aeb75ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/backendtrafficpolicy-compressor-basic.content-types.in.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+gateways:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: Gateway
+  metadata:
+    namespace: envoy-gateway
+    name: gateway-1
+  spec:
+    gatewayClassName: envoy-gateway-class
+    listeners:
+    - name: http
+      protocol: HTTP
+      port: 80
+      allowedRoutes:
+        namespaces:
+          from: All
+httpRoutes:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: HTTPRoute
+  metadata:
+    namespace: default
+    name: httproute-1
+  spec:
+    hostnames:
+    - gateway.envoyproxy.io
+    parentRefs:
+    - namespace: envoy-gateway
+      name: gateway-1
+      sectionName: http
+    rules:
+    - matches:
+      - path:
+          value: "/"
+      backendRefs:
+      - name: service-1
+        port: 8080
+backendTrafficPolicies:
+- apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+  kind: BackendTrafficPolicy
+  metadata:
+    namespace: default
+    name: policy-for-route
+  spec:
+    targetRef:
+      group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+      kind: HTTPRoute
+      name: httproute-1
+    compressor:
+    - type: Brotli
+      brotli: {}
+      minContentLength: 100
+      contentTypes:
+      - application/json
+      - text/html
+    - type: Gzip
+      gzip: {}
+      contentTypes:
+      - application/json
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/backendtrafficpolicy-compressor-basic.content-types.out.yaml b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/backendtrafficpolicy-compressor-basic.content-types.out.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2c902785c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/backendtrafficpolicy-compressor-basic.content-types.out.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+backendTrafficPolicies:
+- apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+  kind: BackendTrafficPolicy
+  metadata:
+    name: policy-for-route
+    namespace: default
+  spec:
+    compressor:
+    - brotli: {}
+      contentTypes:
+      - application/json
+      - text/html
+      minContentLength: "100"
+      type: Brotli
+    - contentTypes:
+      - application/json
+      gzip: {}
+      type: Gzip
+    targetRef:
+      group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+      kind: HTTPRoute
+      name: httproute-1
+  status:
+    ancestors:
+    - ancestorRef:
+        group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+        kind: Gateway
+        name: gateway-1
+        namespace: envoy-gateway
+        sectionName: http
+      conditions:
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Policy has been accepted.
+        reason: Accepted
+        status: "True"
+        type: Accepted
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: spec.targetRef is deprecated, use spec.targetRefs instead
+        reason: DeprecatedField
+        status: "True"
+        type: Warning
+      controllerName: gateway.envoyproxy.io/gatewayclass-controller
+gateways:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: Gateway
+  metadata:
+    name: gateway-1
+    namespace: envoy-gateway
+  spec:
+    gatewayClassName: envoy-gateway-class
+    listeners:
+    - allowedRoutes:
+        namespaces:
+          from: All
+      name: http
+      port: 80
+      protocol: HTTP
+  status:
+    listeners:
+    - attachedRoutes: 1
+      conditions:
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Sending translated listener configuration to the data plane
+        reason: Programmed
+        status: "True"
+        type: Programmed
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Listener has been successfully translated
+        reason: Accepted
+        status: "True"
+        type: Accepted
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Listener references have been resolved
+        reason: ResolvedRefs
+        status: "True"
+        type: ResolvedRefs
+      name: http
+      supportedKinds:
+      - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+        kind: HTTPRoute
+      - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+        kind: GRPCRoute
+httpRoutes:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: HTTPRoute
+  metadata:
+    name: httproute-1
+    namespace: default
+  spec:
+    hostnames:
+    - gateway.envoyproxy.io
+    parentRefs:
+    - name: gateway-1
+      namespace: envoy-gateway
+      sectionName: http
+    rules:
+    - backendRefs:
+      - name: service-1
+        port: 8080
+      matches:
+      - path:
+          value: /
+  status:
+    parents:
+    - conditions:
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Route is accepted
+        reason: Accepted
+        status: "True"
+        type: Accepted
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Resolved all the Object references for the Route
+        reason: ResolvedRefs
+        status: "True"
+        type: ResolvedRefs
+      controllerName: gateway.envoyproxy.io/gatewayclass-controller
+      parentRef:
+        name: gateway-1
+        namespace: envoy-gateway
+        sectionName: http
+infraIR:
+  envoy-gateway/gateway-1:
+    proxy:
+      listeners:
+      - name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 10080
+          name: http-80
+          protocol: HTTP
+          servicePort: 80
+      metadata:
+        labels:
+          gateway.envoyproxy.io/owning-gateway-name: gateway-1
+          gateway.envoyproxy.io/owning-gateway-namespace: envoy-gateway
+        ownerReference:
+          kind: GatewayClass
+          name: envoy-gateway-class
+      name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1
+      namespace: envoy-gateway-system
+xdsIR:
+  envoy-gateway/gateway-1:
+    accessLog:
+      json:
+      - path: /dev/stdout
+    globalResources:
+      proxyServiceCluster:
+        metadata:
+          kind: Service
+          name: envoy-envoy-gateway-gateway-1-196ae069
+          namespace: envoy-gateway-system
+          sectionName: "8080"
+        name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1
+        settings:
+        - addressType: IP
+          endpoints:
+          - host: 7.6.5.4
+            port: 8080
+            zone: zone1
+          metadata:
+            kind: Service
+            name: envoy-envoy-gateway-gateway-1-196ae069
+            namespace: envoy-gateway-system
+            sectionName: "8080"
+          name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1
+          protocol: TCP
+    http:
+    - address: 0.0.0.0
+      externalPort: 80
+      hostnames:
+      - '*'
+      metadata:
+        kind: Gateway
+        name: gateway-1
+        namespace: envoy-gateway
+        sectionName: http
+      name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+      path:
+        escapedSlashesAction: UnescapeAndRedirect
+        mergeSlashes: true
+      port: 10080
+      routes:
+      - destination:
+          metadata:
+            kind: HTTPRoute
+            name: httproute-1
+            namespace: default
+          name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0
+          settings:
+          - addressType: IP
+            endpoints:
+            - host: 7.7.7.7
+              port: 8080
+            metadata:
+              kind: Service
+              name: service-1
+              namespace: default
+              sectionName: "8080"
+            name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/backend/0
+            protocol: HTTP
+            weight: 1
+        hostname: gateway.envoyproxy.io
+        isHTTP2: false
+        metadata:
+          kind: HTTPRoute
+          name: httproute-1
+          namespace: default
+          policies:
+          - kind: BackendTrafficPolicy
+            name: policy-for-route
+            namespace: default
+        name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/gateway_envoyproxy_io
+        pathMatch:
+          distinct: false
+          name: ""
+          prefix: /
+        traffic:
+          compression:
+          - chooseFirst: true
+            contentTypes:
+            - application/json
+            - text/html
+            minContentLength: 100
+            type: Brotli
+          - contentTypes:
+            - application/json
+            type: Gzip
+    readyListener:
+      address: 0.0.0.0
+      ipFamily: IPv4
+      path: /ready
+      port: 19003
diff --git a/internal/ir/xds.go b/internal/ir/xds.go
index dfb5ef6986..8f8ddc142b 100644
--- a/internal/ir/xds.go
+++ b/internal/ir/xds.go
@@ -1038,6 +1038,8 @@ type Compression struct {
 	ChooseFirst bool `json:"chooseFirst,omitempty" yaml:"chooseFirst,omitempty"`
 	// MinContentLength defines the minimum response size in bytes to apply compression.
 	MinContentLength *uint32 `json:"minContentLength,omitempty" yaml:"minContentLength,omitempty"`
+	// ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+	ContentTypes []string `json:"contentTypes,omitempty" yaml:"contentTypes,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // TrafficFeatures holds the information associated with the Backend Traffic Policy.
diff --git a/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go b/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
index a334741cd0..6b214a841a 100644
--- a/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -922,6 +922,11 @@ func (in *Compression) DeepCopyInto(out *Compression) {
 		*out = new(uint32)
 		**out = **in
 	}
+	if in.ContentTypes != nil {
+		in, out := &in.ContentTypes, &out.ContentTypes
+		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
+		copy(*out, *in)
+	}
 }
 
 // DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new Compression.
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/compressor.go b/internal/xds/translator/compressor.go
index ddc35d6d6a..d2b3963bd7 100644
--- a/internal/xds/translator/compressor.go
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/compressor.go
@@ -110,11 +110,16 @@ func buildCompressorFilter(compression *ir.Compression) (*hcmv3.HttpFilter, erro
 		compressorProto.ChooseFirst = true
 	}
 
-	if compression.MinContentLength != nil {
+	if compression.MinContentLength != nil || len(compression.ContentTypes) > 0 {
+		commonConfig := &compressorv3.Compressor_CommonDirectionConfig{}
+		if compression.MinContentLength != nil {
+			commonConfig.MinContentLength = wrapperspb.UInt32(*compression.MinContentLength)
+		}
+		if len(compression.ContentTypes) > 0 {
+			commonConfig.ContentType = append([]string{}, compression.ContentTypes...)
+		}
 		compressorProto.ResponseDirectionConfig = &compressorv3.Compressor_ResponseDirectionConfig{
-			CommonConfig: &compressorv3.Compressor_CommonDirectionConfig{
-				MinContentLength: wrapperspb.UInt32(*compression.MinContentLength),
-			},
+			CommonConfig: commonConfig,
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/compressor_test.go b/internal/xds/translator/compressor_test.go
index f391fd9ab3..c39bb66050 100644
--- a/internal/xds/translator/compressor_test.go
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/compressor_test.go
@@ -92,12 +92,28 @@ func TestBuildCompressorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.Equal(t, uint32(1024), c.ResponseDirectionConfig.CommonConfig.MinContentLength.Value)
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "with content types",
+			compression: &ir.Compression{
+				Type:         egv1a1.GzipCompressorType,
+				ContentTypes: []string{"application/json", "text/html"},
+			},
+			expectedName:    "envoy.filters.http.compressor.gzip",
+			expectedExtName: "envoy.compression.gzip.compressor",
+			validateProto: func(t *testing.T, c *compressorv3.Compressor) {
+				require.NotNil(t, c.ResponseDirectionConfig)
+				require.NotNil(t, c.ResponseDirectionConfig.CommonConfig)
+				assert.Equal(t, []string{"application/json", "text/html"}, c.ResponseDirectionConfig.CommonConfig.ContentType)
+				assert.Nil(t, c.ResponseDirectionConfig.CommonConfig.MinContentLength)
+			},
+		},
 		{
 			name: "with all options",
 			compression: &ir.Compression{
 				Type:             egv1a1.BrotliCompressorType,
 				ChooseFirst:      true,
 				MinContentLength: new(uint32(2048)),
+				ContentTypes:     []string{"application/json"},
 			},
 			expectedName:    "envoy.filters.http.compressor.brotli",
 			expectedExtName: "envoy.compression.brotli.compressor",
@@ -105,6 +121,7 @@ func TestBuildCompressorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.True(t, c.ChooseFirst)
 				require.NotNil(t, c.ResponseDirectionConfig)
 				assert.Equal(t, uint32(2048), c.ResponseDirectionConfig.CommonConfig.MinContentLength.Value)
+				assert.Equal(t, []string{"application/json"}, c.ResponseDirectionConfig.CommonConfig.ContentType)
 			},
 		},
 	}
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/compressor.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/compressor.yaml
index 7e665addcd..f41975dcbd 100644
--- a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/compressor.yaml
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/compressor.yaml
@@ -38,7 +38,14 @@ http:
       compression:
       - type: Brotli
         minContentLength: 100
+        contentTypes:
+        - application/json
+        - text/html
       - type: Gzip
         minContentLength: 200
+        contentTypes:
+        - application/json
       - type: Zstd
         minContentLength: 300
+        contentTypes:
+        - text/plain
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/compressor.listeners.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/compressor.listeners.yaml
index 36bf05d23a..60adda4586 100644
--- a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/compressor.listeners.yaml
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/compressor.listeners.yaml
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
                 '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.compression.brotli.compressor.v3.Brotli
             responseDirectionConfig:
               commonConfig:
+                contentType:
+                - application/json
+                - text/html
                 minContentLength: 100
         - disabled: true
           name: envoy.filters.http.compressor.gzip
@@ -35,6 +38,8 @@
                 '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.compression.gzip.compressor.v3.Gzip
             responseDirectionConfig:
               commonConfig:
+                contentType:
+                - application/json
                 minContentLength: 200
         - disabled: true
           name: envoy.filters.http.compressor.zstd
@@ -46,6 +51,8 @@
                 '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.compression.zstd.compressor.v3.Zstd
             responseDirectionConfig:
               commonConfig:
+                contentType:
+                - text/plain
                 minContentLength: 300
         - name: envoy.filters.http.router
           typedConfig:
diff --git a/release-notes/current/new_features/9511-compression-content-types.md b/release-notes/current/new_features/9511-compression-content-types.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca0d70ee48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release-notes/current/new_features/9511-compression-content-types.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Added support for configuring compression `contentTypes` in `BackendTrafficPolicy`, allowing users to control which response Content-Types are eligible for compression without an EnvoyPatchPolicy.
diff --git a/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md b/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md
index d59fec9715..4e0d26212e 100644
--- a/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md
+++ b/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md
@@ -1118,6 +1118,7 @@ _Appears in:_
 | `gzip` | _[GzipCompressor](#gzipcompressor)_ |  false  |  | The configuration for GZIP compressor. |
 | `zstd` | _[ZstdCompressor](#zstdcompressor)_ |  false  |  | The configuration for Zstd compressor. |
 | `minContentLength` | _[Quantity](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.32/#quantity-resource-api)_ |  false  |  | MinContentLength defines the minimum response size in bytes to apply compression.<br />Responses smaller than this threshold will not be compressed.<br />Must be at least 30 bytes as enforced by Envoy Proxy.<br />Note that when the suffix is not provided, the value is interpreted as bytes.<br />Default: 30 bytes |
+| `contentTypes` | _string array_ |  false  |  | ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.<br />When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.<br />If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:<br />application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,<br />text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml. |
 
 
 #### CompressorType
diff --git a/site/content/en/latest/tasks/traffic/response-compression.md b/site/content/en/latest/tasks/traffic/response-compression.md
index 008783f03f..52038ce22d 100644
--- a/site/content/en/latest/tasks/traffic/response-compression.md
+++ b/site/content/en/latest/tasks/traffic/response-compression.md
@@ -98,6 +98,30 @@ spec:
       minContentLength: 1024
 ```
 
+### Configuring Content Types
+
+You can configure which response `Content-Type` values are eligible for compression using the `contentTypes` field. When set, only responses whose `Content-Type` matches one of the listed values are compressed.
+
+If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used: `application/javascript`, `application/json`, `application/xhtml+xml`, `image/svg+xml`, `text/css`, `text/html`, `text/plain`, and `text/xml`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+kind: BackendTrafficPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: response-compression
+spec:
+  targetRef:
+    group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+    kind: HTTPRoute
+    name: backend
+  compressor:
+    - type: Gzip
+      gzip: {}
+      contentTypes:
+        - application/json
+        - application/xml
+```
+
 ### Deprecated Configuration
 
 The following configuration uses the deprecated `compression` field. While still supported, it's recommended to migrate to the `compressor` field:
diff --git a/test/e2e/testdata/compression.yaml b/test/e2e/testdata/compression.yaml
index fff24baf3e..08e60097e1 100644
--- a/test/e2e/testdata/compression.yaml
+++ b/test/e2e/testdata/compression.yaml
@@ -54,9 +54,15 @@ spec:
     - type: Brotli
       brotli: {}
       minContentLength: 50
+      contentTypes:
+        - application/json
     - type: Gzip
       gzip: {}
       minContentLength: 50
+      contentTypes:
+        - application/json
     - type: Zstd
       zstd: {}
       minContentLength: 50
+      contentTypes:
+        - application/json
diff --git a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml
index 39fc1c10c4..99ce8bbf94 100644
--- a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml
+++ b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml
@@ -24986,6 +24986,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -25031,6 +25041,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -48434,6 +48454,16 @@ spec:
                               brotli:
                                 description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                                 type: object
+                              contentTypes:
+                                description: |-
+                                  ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                                  When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                                  If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                                  application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                                  text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                                items:
+                                  type: string
+                                type: array
                               gzip:
                                 description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                                 type: object
diff --git a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/e2e.out.yaml b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/e2e.out.yaml
index 357137c6ee..53387c1b3f 100644
--- a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/e2e.out.yaml
+++ b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/e2e.out.yaml
@@ -924,6 +924,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -969,6 +979,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -24372,6 +24392,16 @@ spec:
                               brotli:
                                 description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                                 type: object
+                              contentTypes:
+                                description: |-
+                                  ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                                  When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                                  If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                                  application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                                  text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                                items:
+                                  type: string
+                                type: array
                               gzip:
                                 description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                                 type: object
diff --git a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml
index 44ab69394c..c41390e9b3 100644
--- a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml
+++ b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml
@@ -924,6 +924,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -969,6 +979,16 @@ spec:
                     brotli:
                       description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                       type: object
+                    contentTypes:
+                      description: |-
+                        ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                        When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                        If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                        application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                        text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                      items:
+                        type: string
+                      type: array
                     gzip:
                       description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                       type: object
@@ -24372,6 +24392,16 @@ spec:
                               brotli:
                                 description: The configuration for Brotli compressor.
                                 type: object
+                              contentTypes:
+                                description: |-
+                                  ContentTypes defines the set of response Content-Types that will trigger compression.
+                                  When set, only responses whose Content-Type matches one of these values are compressed.
+                                  If not specified, Envoy's default content types are used:
+                                  application/javascript, application/json, application/xhtml+xml, image/svg+xml,
+                                  text/css, text/html, text/plain, text/xml.
+                                items:
+                                  type: string
+                                type: array
                               gzip:
                                 description: The configuration for GZIP compressor.
                                 type: object