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| MEV-Boost | MEV-Track | Endgame Block Production Pipeline | Extra-protocol MEV markets | Ethereum community successfully commoditized MEV (partially), via an extra-protocol market. The majority of MEV goes now to Validators. |[shipped](/wiki/research/PBS/mev-boost.md) </br> |
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| Increase MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE | Staking Economics | Raising Validator Cap | Increase the maximum effective balance for Ethereum validators from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH | Consolidates validators, reduces network load, and simplifies operations for large stakers | shipped </br> EIP-7251[^27]|
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**TODO**
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@@ -74,7 +75,6 @@ Upgrades related to censorship resistance, decentralization and mitigating proto
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| Distributed Block Building | MEV-Track | Endgame Block Production Pipeline | Decentralize the block building process, by distributing it | Decentralize different parts of the Builder: </br> (i) the algorithms for choosing transactions (the block building transaction ordering) </br> (ii) resources for block construction, especially under full Danksharding (split-up big blocks) </br> (iii) add extra builder services (e.g.Preconfirmations) | in research </br> [Preconfirmations](/wiki/research/Preconfirmations/Preconfirmations.md),</br> SUAVE[^24]|
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| Application Layer MEV Minimization | MEV-Track | - | App layer effort to minimize harmful MEV | The minimization techniques target: </br>(i) frontrunning, and </br>(ii) sandwich attacks | Examples[^25]|
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| Preconfirmations | MEV-Track | - | Users preconfirmations on transaction execution, for a competitive user experience in Ethereum interactions | Block builders could publicly agree to include transactions with a priority fee over a certain amount, and send users a receipt indicating their intent to include the transaction in a specific block |[in research](/wiki/research/Preconfirmations/Preconfirmations.md)[^26]|
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| Increase MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE | Staking Economics | Raising Validator Cap | Increase the max balance for Ethereum validators from 32 ETH to reduce overhead for large stakers | Consolidates validators, reduces network load, simplifies operations for large stakers |[in research](/wiki/research/eODS.md)[^27], confirmed for Pectra upgrade |
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| Cheaper Nodes | Staking Economics | Improve Node Operator Usability| Make nodes cheaper and easier to operate using verkle trees and SNARKs | Lower SSD requirements, faster sync times, easier node operation | Research/Proposal: [in eps node workshop](/docs/eps/nodes_workshop.md)[^28]|
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| Capping Validator Set | Staking Economics | Explore Total Stake Capping | Cap the total amount of stake to manage communication overhead between validators | Prevents excessive validator participation, maintains network efficiency | Research/Proposals: [in research](/wiki/research/eODS.md)[^29]|
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|Combat LST Centralization | Staking Economics | Explore Solutions to Liquid Staking Centralization | Solutions to reduce centralization in the Liquid Staking Token (LST) market | Prevents large LST providers from gaining too much control over the network | Research/Proposals: [^30], [^31], [^32], [^33],[^34]|
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