ADR 003: typed sponsorship transactions and batch execution

docs/adr/ADR-0003-typed-transactions-sponsorship.md

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+# ADR 0003: Typed Transactions for Sponsorship
+
+## Changelog
+
+* 2026-01-05: Initial draft structure.
+
+## Status
+
+DRAFT Not Implemented
+
+> Please have a look at the [PROCESS](./PROCESS.md#adr-status) page.
+> Use DRAFT if the ADR is in a draft stage (draft PR) or PROPOSED if it's in review.
+
+## Abstract
+
+This ADR proposes a simplified way to sponsor transactions in reth by using
+typed transactions enabled by EIP-2718. The idea is to define a typed
+transaction format that separates the gas payer from the executor so the cost
+can be covered without altering the normal execution flow. This reduces
+complexity for users and integrations.
+
+## Context
+
+Gas sponsorship is a recurring requirement for onboarding users and for product
+flows that should not require the end user to hold native funds. Today, the only
+available approach in reth is to bundle sponsorship logic off-chain or via
+custom infrastructure, which increases integration complexity and makes
+transaction handling inconsistent across clients.
+
+EIP-2718 introduces typed transactions, providing a structured way to extend
+transaction formats while keeping backward compatibility with existing
+processing pipelines. This creates an opportunity to standardize a sponsorship
+mechanism within the transaction itself rather than relying on external
+conventions.
+
+The project needs a minimal, explicit mechanism to separate the gas payer from
+the executor, without changing the execution semantics of the underlying call.
+At the same time, it must remain compatible with existing tooling, avoid
+breaking current transaction flows, and be straightforward to implement in
+reth's transaction validation and propagation layers.
+
+## Alternatives
+
+TODO
+
+## Decision
+
+> This section describes our response to these forces. It is stated in full
+> sentences, with active voice. "We will ..."
+We will implement gas sponsorship by introducing a new EIP-2718 typed
+transaction in ev-reth. The new type (0x76) encodes both the execution call
+and a separate sponsor authorization, enabling a sponsor account to pay fees
+while preserving normal EVM execution semantics for the user call. The type is
+added to the transaction envelope, validated in the txpool, and executed by
+charging the sponsor while the sender remains the call origin.
+
+## Implementation Plan
+
+1. Define the transaction envelope and typed transaction.
+   - We will mirror the Tempo-style envelope pattern, extending the envelope
+     with a sponsorship transaction type (0x76) and a typed wrapper.
+   - The sponsorship transaction is specific to ev-reth and is not a wrapper
+     around an existing type: it carries explicit sponsor authorization fields.
+
+```rust
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, alloy_consensus::TransactionEnvelope)]
+#[envelope(
+    tx_type_name = EvRethTxType,
+    typed = EvRethTypedTransaction,
+    arbitrary_cfg(any(test, feature = "arbitrary")),
+    serde_cfg(feature = "serde")
+)]
+#[cfg_attr(test, reth_codecs::add_arbitrary_tests(compact, rlp))]
+#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
+pub enum EvRethTxEnvelope {
+    #[envelope(ty = 0)]
+    Legacy(Signed<TxLegacy>),
+    #[envelope(ty = 1)]
+    Eip2930(Signed<TxEip2930>),
+    #[envelope(ty = 2)]
+    Eip1559(Signed<TxEip1559>),
+    #[envelope(ty = 3)]
+    Eip4844(Signed<TxEip4844>),
+    #[envelope(ty = 0x76, typed = SponsorTransaction)]
+    Sponsor(SponsorSigned),
+}
+
+pub struct SponsorTransaction {
+    // User/executor call fields (sender remains call origin)
+    pub chain_id: u64,
+    // Sponsorship fields (payer is separate)
+    pub fee_payer_signature: Signature,
+    pub fee_token: Address,
+}
+```
+
+## Consequences
+
+> This section describes the resulting context, after applying the decision. All
+> consequences should be listed here, not just the "positive" ones. A particular
+> decision may have positive, negative, and neutral consequences, but all of them
+> affect the team and project in the future.
+
+### Backwards Compatibility
+
+> All ADRs that introduce backwards incompatibilities must include a section
+> describing these incompatibilities and their severity. The ADR must explain
+> how the author proposes to deal with these incompatibilities. ADR submissions
+> without a sufficient backwards compatibility treatise may be rejected outright.
+
+### Positive
+
+> {positive consequences}
+
+### Negative
+
+> {negative consequences}
+
+### Neutral
+
+> {neutral consequences}
+
+## Further Discussions
+
+> While an ADR is in the DRAFT or PROPOSED stage, this section should contain a
+> summary of issues to be solved in future iterations (usually referencing comments
+> from a pull-request discussion).
+>
+> Later, this section can optionally list ideas or improvements the author or
+> reviewers found during the analysis of this ADR.
+
+## Test Cases [optional]
+
+Test cases for an implementation are mandatory for ADRs that are affecting consensus
+changes. Other ADRs can choose to include links to test cases if applicable.
+
+## References
+
+* {reference link}