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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto"><i>Coloeus</i></span></h1>
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<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%">
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)"><i>Coloeus</i></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="File3ACorvus_monedula_01.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/File:Corvus_monedula_01.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Corvus_monedula_01.JPG/220px-Corvus_monedula_01..jpg" webstripperwas="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Corvus_monedula_01.JPG/220px-Corvus_monedula_01.JPG" width="220" height="165" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Corvus_monedula_01.JPG/330px-Corvus_monedula_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Corvus_monedula_01.JPG/440px-Corvus_monedula_01.JPG 2x" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Jackdaw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)"><a href="Biological_classification.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom:</td>
<td><span class="kingdom" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Animal.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span></td>
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<tr>
<td>Phylum:</td>
<td><span class="phylum" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Chordate.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></span></td>
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<td>Class:</td>
<td><span class="class" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Bird.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Order:</td>
<td><span class="order" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Passerine.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Family:</td>
<td><span class="family" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Corvidae.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Corvidae" title="Corvidae">Corvidae</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus:</td>
<td><span class="genus" style="white-space:nowrap;"><i><a href="Corvus_(genus).html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Corvus_(genus)" title="Corvus (genus)" class="mw-redirect">Corvus</a></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subgenus:</td>
<td><span class="subgenus" style="white-space:nowrap;"><i><b>Coloeus</b></i></span><br />
<small><a href="Peter_Simon_Pallas.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a>, 1766</small></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)">Species</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: left">
<p><i>C. dauuricus</i><br />
<i>C. monedula</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><i><b>Coloeus</b></i> is a subgenus of the bird genus <i><a href="Corvus_(genus).html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Corvus_(genus)" title="Corvus (genus)" class="mw-redirect">Corvus</a></i>, the crows and allies. It contains two relatively small species both named as jackdaws.<sup id="cite_ref-madge_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madge-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> They have a blackish crown, wings and tail, the rest of the plumage being paler.<sup id="cite_ref-madge2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madge2-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>While some authors consider <i>Coloeus</i> a subgenus of <i>Corvus</i>, others have classified <i>Coloeus</i> as a distinct genus in the family Corvidae.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Following <i><a href="Birds_of_South_Asia3A_The_Ripley_Guide.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Birds_of_South_Asia:_The_Ripley_Guide" title="Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide" class="mw-redirect">Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> the <a href="International_Ornithological_Congress.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/International_Ornithological_Congress" title="International Ornithological Congress">International Ornithological Congress</a> has also reassigned the two jackdaw species from the genus <i>Corvus</i> to the genus <i>Coloeus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The species are the <a href="Western_Jackdaw.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Western_Jackdaw" title="Western Jackdaw">Western Jackdaw</a> <i>Corvus monedula</i>, which breeds in the British Isles and western Europe, Scandinavia, northern Asia and Northern Africa, and its eastern counterpart, the <a href="Daurian_Jackdaw.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Daurian_Jackdaw" title="Daurian Jackdaw">Daurian Jackdaw</a> <i>Corvus dauuricus</i>, found from eastern Europe to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-madge2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madge2-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The eastern species is smaller than the Jackdaw, and in the adult the pale areas of the plumage are almost white, whereas in the western bird these areas are pale grey. The iris is pale in Jackdaw and dark in Daurian Jackdaw. The two species are otherwise very similar in shape, calls and behaviour. There is an argument for lumping the subgenus members as one species, but they do not interbreed where their ranges meet in <a href="Mongolia.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-madge2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madge2-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coloeus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-madge-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-madge_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madge & Burn (1994) vii.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-madge2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-madge2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madge2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madge2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madge & Burn (1994) 136-138.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Haring, E.; Gamauf, A.; Kryukov, A. (2007). "Phylogeographic patterns in widespread corvid birds". <i><a href="Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution" title="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution">Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</a></i> <b>45</b> (3): 840–862. <a href="Digital_object_identifier.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2007.06.016" >10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.016</a>. <a href="PubMed_Identifier.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17920300" >17920300</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2007.06.016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17920300&rft.volume=45&rft.atitle=Phylogeographic+patterns+in+widespread+corvid+birds&rft.genre=book&rft.aulast=Haring&rft.au=Haring%2C+E.&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.issue=3&rft.btitle=Phylogeographic+patterns+in+widespread+corvid+birds&rft.pages=840%E2%80%93862&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BMolecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution%5D%5D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Coloeus" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. (2005). <i>Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide</i>. Lynx Edicions. <a href="International_Standard_Book_Number.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="Special3ABookSources/978-84-87334-67-2.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-67-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-67-2">978-84-87334-67-2</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Pamela%26nbsp%3BC.&rft.aufirst=Pamela%26nbsp%3BC.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.isbn=978-84-87334-67-2&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.btitle=Birds+of+South+Asia%3A+The+Ripley+Guide&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Coloeus" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Gill, F.; Donsker, D. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-vireos.html" >"Vireos, Crows & Allies"</a>. <i>IOC World Bird List (version 2.8)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved June 10, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.btitle=Vireos%2C+Crows+%26+Allies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fn-vireos.html&rft.atitle=Vireos%2C+Crows+%26+Allies&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=IOC+World+Bird+List+%28version+2.8%29&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Coloeus" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li>
</ol>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coloeus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Works_cited">Works cited</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><span class="citation book">Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1994). <i>Crows and Jays: A Guide to the Crows, Jays and Magpies of the World</i>. <a href="A_$26_C_Black.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A & C Black">A & C Black</a>. <a href="International_Standard_Book_Number.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="Special3ABookSources/0-7136-3999-7.html" webstripperwas="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-3999-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-3999-7">0-7136-3999-7</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&rft.au=Madge%2C+Steve&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.isbn=0-7136-3999-7&rft.aulast=Madge&rft.pub=%5B%5BA+%26+C+Black%5D%5D&rft.btitle=Crows+and+Jays%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Crows%2C+Jays+and+Magpies+of+the+World&rft.date=1994&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Coloeus" class="Z3988"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
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