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perf(lfm2): quantized flat-default (~1.84×) + compiled flat/paged decode (~2.34×) + prefill-tps telemetry fix (mlx-node#67)
## Summary Closes most of the LFM2.5-8B-A1B quantized single-stream decode gap to oMLX by fixing the default decode path and extending the compiled C++ path to quantized weights. Two commits: - **`fb234575` — quantized → flat default (~1.84×) + paged prefill-tps telemetry fix** - **`46760077` — quantized compiled flat+paged decode (~2.34× paged over eager-paged)** ### #1 — quantized single-stream defaults to FLAT decode (~1.84×) Quantized `lfm2`/`lfm2_moe` was silently defaulting to the **eager-PAGED** loop (~12 `synchronize_mlx()`/token + blocking `y.eval()` + no async double-buffering), ~1.84× slower than FLAT on the measured mxfp8 8B-A1B (74 → 131 tok/s, M5 Max). The default is now keyed on the authoritative `.scales` tensor signal: quantized → FLAT, bf16 → PAGED (unchanged). Explicit `use_block_paged_cache` in `config.json` always wins. ### #4 — paged prefill-tps telemetry fix The paged path reported a bogus ~37 `prefillTokensPerSecond` (it divided full-prompt ttft by the attention *suffix* count on warm prefix-cache hits). Now uses the full-prompt count as the numerator; guarded by `lfm2_paged_prefill_tps_is_full_prompt_scale_on_warm_reuse`. ### #2 — quantized compiled flat+paged decode (~2.34× over eager-paged) Extends the compiled C++ decode path (previously bf16-only) to quantized `lfm2`/`lfm2_moe`. A per-projection quant-info registry (`mlx_store_quant_info`, keyed on each `.scales` prefix) makes the C++ `(mode, bits, group_size)` dispatch **authoritative** instead of the companion-tensor heuristic (which mislabels mxfp4/nvfp4 as mxfp8); the heuristic is retained only as a fallback. Compiled-PAGED is ~2.34× over eager-PAGED, rescuing the pinned-paged quant path (e.g. server/batched). A packed embedding (`embed_tokens.scales`) bars the compiled path (C++ does a dense `take`). Env escape hatch: `MLX_LFM2_DISABLE_QUANT_COMPILED`. ## Correctness Byte-identical to the pure-Rust eager path across **{mxfp8, 4-bit affine} × {flat, paged}**, proven via the model-id **eviction oracle** in `lfm2_compiled_e2e.rs` (`quant_compiled_vs_eager_parity`): loading the compiled model evicts the eager-ref's process-global weights, so the eager-ref runs the *independent* `QuantizedLinear`/`QuantizedSwitchLinear` modules — a C++ dispatch mislabel would diverge early. This is stronger than a same-graph `MLX_NO_COMPILE` reference. ## Perf context This is the **quantized** path — the relevant one for oMLX's 8-bit headline. Separately verified this session: for **bf16**, our decode (~110 tok/s) is at **exact op-for-op parity with mlx-lm** and is **memory-bandwidth-bound** (MoE gather already saturates ~404 GB/s at the k=4 decode shape, ~80% of the M5 Max ceiling); the residual bf16 gap to oMLX is host/measurement, not software. The real lever for absolute decode speed is reducing bytes-per-token (quantization) — which is exactly what these changes make fast. ## Test plan - [x] `cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D warnings` — clean - [x] `cargo fmt --check` — clean - [x] 30 unit tests pass (`cargo test -p mlx-core`, incl. the compiled-registration gate tests) - [x] Byte-identical parity matrix (mxfp8/4-bit × flat/paged) via the eviction oracle (opt-in: `LFM2_COMPILED_E2E=1` + `LFM2_QUANT_MODEL_PATH`) - [x] `yarn build:native` clean; no `index.d.cts` drift ## Review status The mandated `codex:adversarial-review` runtime **hung twice** mid quant-dispatch cross-reference (a codex-runtime issue, not a code signal). A thorough Claude-subagent adversarial review cleared it **SHIP / no blocking bug** — verifying dispatch parity for every projection class (MoE experts, router gate, dense-MLP, attention q/k/v/out, conv, untied lm_head) and ruling out the truncated codex concern on all three plausible completions (packed-embedding guard, registry-authoritative quant modes, pre-existing flat bf16 invariant). **Deferred follow-ups (non-blocking):** - [Medium] Synthetic non-gated quantized parity test (parity is currently operator-verified via `LFM2_COMPILED_E2E=1`; the synthetic harness only generates bf16 weights, and the completeness `debug_assert_eq!` is compiled out in release). - [Low] `mlx_store_weight` transposes packed 2D quant `.weight` into `g_weight_transposes` that's never read (pre-existing waste, surfaced not introduced). 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) <!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY --> --- > [!NOTE] > **Medium Risk** > Changes default decode routing and global compiled weight registration for quantized LFM2, where incorrect quant dispatch or gating would affect correctness and performance; mitigated by expanded unit tests and documented escape hatches. > > **Overview** > **LFM2 load and decode routing** now treat quantized checkpoints differently: when `use_block_paged_cache` is unset, presence of `.scales` tensors defaults to **flat** decode (instead of paged), with resolution moved from `parse_config` to `load_from_dir` so it matches the registration gate. Explicit `config.json` values still win. > > **Quantized models can use the compiled C++ path** (flat and paged): registration publishes per-projection quant info via `mlx_store_quant_info`, `should_register_compiled` and `paged_compiled_decode_setup` use `non_quant_floats_bf16` plus `MLX_LFM2_DISABLE_QUANT_COMPILED`, and packed `embed_tokens` blocks compiled registration because the C++ path does a dense embedding lookup. > > **Paged chat performance metrics** use the full prompt token count for prefill throughput (conv layers re-run the full prompt), fixing inflated TTFT/prefill-tps on warm prefix-cache hits. > > Most other diff hunks are **comment and docstring cleanup** (phase/W6/PR ticket references removed); behavior in convert, MTP, Qwen3, and banded-attention modules is unchanged aside from wording. > > <sup>Reviewed by [Cursor Bugbot](https://cursor.com/bugbot) for commit a4a760d. Bugbot is set up for automated code reviews on this repo. Configure [here](https://www.cursor.com/dashboard/bugbot).</sup> <!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY --> --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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crates/mlx-core/src/array/banded_attention.rs

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//! Bidirectional banded attention with per-head sinks — reference implementation.
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//!
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//! This is the **correctness oracle** for the future Metal kernel (Task B2). It
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//! composes existing MLX ops (matmul, softmax, mask construction, concat,
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//! slice) instead of running a single fused kernel, so it is intentionally
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//! slow but provably correct.
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//! This is the **correctness oracle** for the fused Metal kernel. It composes
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//! existing MLX ops (matmul, softmax, mask construction, concat, slice) instead
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//! of running a single fused kernel, so it is intentionally slow but provably
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//! correct.
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//!
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//! Architectural note: the eventual kernel-backed primitive lives in
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//! `mlx-paged-attn`, but adding `mlx-core` as a dependency there would create a
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//! cycle (`mlx-core → mlx-paged-attn` already exists). We therefore keep this
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//! reference alongside `attention.rs` in `mlx-core`. The B2 kernel will be able
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//! to depend on this crate via `dev-dependencies` for its tests, or duplicate
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//! a minimal Rust-side scaffold for input prep.
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//! Architectural note: the kernel-backed primitive lives in `mlx-paged-attn`,
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//! but adding `mlx-core` as a dependency there would create a cycle
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//! (`mlx-core → mlx-paged-attn` already exists). We therefore keep this
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//! reference alongside `attention.rs` in `mlx-core`.
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//!
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//! ## Math
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//!

crates/mlx-core/src/convert.rs

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@@ -345,17 +345,15 @@ async fn convert_model_inner(options: ConversionOptions) -> Result<ConversionRes
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)));
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}
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348-
// LFM2 mxfp/nvfp now SUPPORTED for non-MoE linears (fast-follow #1a): the
349-
// lfm2 loader's attention / conv / dense-MLP projections are mode-aware
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// LFM2 mxfp/nvfp is supported for non-MoE linears: the lfm2 loader's
349+
// attention / conv / dense-MLP projections are mode-aware
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// `LinearProj`/`MLPVariant` backed by `QuantizedLinear`, which threads the
351351
// resolved mode (affine / mxfp4 / mxfp8 / nvfp4) into `mlx_quantized_matmul`
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// at forward time. The MoE experts/gate already supported all four modes.
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// The EMBEDDING and lm_head remain excluded from quantization (vocab-dim
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// tensors): `should_quantize` skips `embed_tokens`/`lm_head`, so an
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// mxfp8/mxfp4/nvfp4 lfm2 checkpoint ships quantized experts + attn/conv/
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// dense-MLP and a plain bf16 embedding — which the #1a loader can load. A
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// quant-capable embedding lands in #1b; the prior affine-only gate is thus
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// removed.
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// at forward time. The MoE experts/gate support all four modes. The
353+
// embedding and lm_head are excluded from quantization (vocab-dim tensors):
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// `should_quantize` skips `embed_tokens`/`lm_head`, so an mxfp8/mxfp4/nvfp4
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// lfm2 checkpoint ships quantized experts + attn/conv/dense-MLP and a plain
356+
// bf16 embedding.
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360358
// Validate recipe
361359
if let Some(ref recipe) = quant_recipe {
@@ -563,9 +561,9 @@ async fn convert_model_inner(options: ConversionOptions) -> Result<ConversionRes
563561
let is_privacy_filter = matches!(model_type.as_deref(), Some("privacy-filter"));
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565563
// Refuse `--quantize` against pre-quantized MTP sources for Qwen3.5/3.6.
566-
// The W6.15 convert path retains `mtp.*` tensors untouched (MTPLX
567-
// "final form" convention), which means existing `mtp.*.scales` /
568-
// `.biases` flow through to the output. Re-quantizing the
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// The convert path retains `mtp.*` tensors untouched (MTPLX "final form"
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// convention), which means existing `mtp.*.scales` / `.biases` flow
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// through to the output. Re-quantizing the
569567
// language-model body simultaneously rewrites the global `quantization`
570568
// block in `config.json` to whatever bits/group_size/mode the user
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// asked for, and the load path (`mtp.rs::apply_weights`) resolves
@@ -761,7 +759,7 @@ async fn convert_model_inner(options: ConversionOptions) -> Result<ConversionRes
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// projections (q/k/v/o) and MoE experts (gate_up_proj, down_proj);
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// quantize routers at 8-bit affine when --q-mode affine; leave
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// embeddings, classifier head, norms, biases, and attention sinks
764-
// at bf16. Inference path is bf16-only until Phase C lands.
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// at bf16. Inference path is currently bf16-only.
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let preserved_extra = if quant_mode == "affine" {
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"8-bit-affine routers"
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} else {

crates/mlx-core/src/decode_profiler.rs

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@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub struct DecodeProfiler {
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first_token_marked: bool,
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memory_before: Option<MemorySnapshot>,
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memory_after: Option<MemorySnapshot>,
88-
/// MTP speculative-decode acceptance counters (W6.33). Updated by
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/// MTP speculative-decode acceptance counters. Updated by
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/// `record_mtp_cycle` once per draft+verify cycle. `mtp_cycles == 0`
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/// means no MTP cycle ran (a plain autoregressive decode).
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mtp_cycles: u64,

crates/mlx-core/src/models/lfm2/compiled_parity_test.rs

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//! Phase-1 component-parity gate for the lfm2 compiled C++ forward path.
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//! Component-parity gate for the lfm2 compiled C++ forward path.
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//!
3-
//! lfm2's compiled forward is not end-to-end runnable until the full backbone
4-
//! lands (Phase 2+), so we validate the parity-critical novel C++ — the
5-
//! attention pure-fn, the dense SwiGLU MLP, and the ShortConv operator — in
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//! ISOLATION here, against the Rust-native single-layer forward. The C++ probes
3+
//! Validates the parity-critical novel C++ — the attention pure-fn, the dense
4+
//! SwiGLU MLP, and the ShortConv operator — in ISOLATION here, against the
5+
//! Rust-native single-layer forward. The C++ probes
76
//! (`mlx_lfm2_probe_attn_seq`, `mlx_lfm2_probe_dense_mlp`,
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//! `mlx_lfm2_probe_conv_seq`) register one layer's weights into the shared
98
//! `g_weights()` map, run the compiled pure-fn, and return the output.
@@ -437,7 +436,7 @@ fn compiled_conv_seq_matches_native_with_bias() {
437436
run_conv_parity(true);
438437
}
439438

440-
/// 2b-1 end-to-end-SHAPED gate: the full `lfm2_decode_fn` assembly (driven via
439+
/// End-to-end-SHAPED gate: the full `lfm2_decode_fn` assembly (driven via
441440
/// the synthetic-model probe) must match a hand-assembled native `[conv, attn,
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/// conv]` dense stack over the same `T`-step decode. Exercises the per-layer
443442
/// conv/attn dispatch (from `is_attn[]`), the operator_norm→op→+res→ffn_norm→
@@ -716,13 +715,13 @@ fn run_decode_seq_parity(conv_bias: bool) {
716715
);
717716
}
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719-
/// 2b-1 full-decode parity WITHOUT conv biases (LFM2.5 production default).
718+
/// Full-decode parity WITHOUT conv biases (LFM2.5 production default).
720719
#[test]
721720
fn compiled_decode_seq_matches_native() {
722721
run_decode_seq_parity(false);
723722
}
724723

725-
/// Phase 4 Piece 1: the SAME full synthetic decode-sequence parity, but with the
724+
/// The SAME full synthetic decode-sequence parity, but with the
726725
/// ShortConv biases (`conv.in_proj.bias`, `conv.conv.bias`, `conv.out_proj.bias`)
727726
/// seeded into the registry and applied on BOTH sides — the compiled
728727
/// `lfm2_decode_fn` via `cfg.conv_bias` (threaded through the probe's `conv_bias`
@@ -734,7 +733,7 @@ fn compiled_decode_seq_matches_native_with_conv_bias() {
734733
run_decode_seq_parity(true);
735734
}
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737-
/// Phase-3a end-to-end-SHAPED MoE gate: the full `lfm2_decode_fn` assembly with
736+
/// End-to-end-SHAPED MoE gate: the full `lfm2_decode_fn` assembly with
738737
/// the sparse-MoE FFN branch (driven via `mlx_lfm2_probe_moe_decode_seq`) must
739738
/// match a hand-assembled native `[conv(dense), attn(MoE), conv(MoE)]` stack over
740739
/// the same `T`-step decode. The dense layer (idx 0 < num_dense_layers) routes
@@ -1094,7 +1093,7 @@ fn compiled_moe_decode_seq_matches_native() {
10941093
);
10951094
}
10961095

1097-
/// DECISIVE H1/H2 experiment: COMPILED-vs-EAGER synthetic MoE.
1096+
/// COMPILED-vs-EAGER synthetic MoE.
10981097
///
10991098
/// Drives the process-global `compiled_lfm2_decode()` (NOT eager
11001099
/// `lfm2_decode_fn`) with a FIXED 3-layer synthetic MoE stack and compares the
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11091108
/// (2) NEAR-TIE router (`expert_bias` gaps of 1e-4, E=32/k=4 fan-out matching
11101109
/// the real 8B model -> selection decided by softmax(routing) near-ties,
11111110
/// FP-fusion sensitive). Diagnostic: a nonzero diff here positively
1112-
/// confirms the near-tie selection-flip mechanism (H2).
1111+
/// confirms the near-tie selection-flip mechanism.
11131112
///
11141113
/// Runs in its OWN test so its fixed synthetic topology bakes into the compiled
11151114
/// static cleanly. `WS_TOL`, `NT_MIN_DIVERGENCE`, `ASSERT_NT_GT_WS` env vars
@@ -1205,13 +1204,13 @@ fn compiled_moe_ab_model_swap_recompiles() {
12051204
// DIFFERENT constants than MODEL A. If `warm_seed == seed_a`, the stale closure
12061205
// would replay constants byte-identical to MODEL A's and (wrongly) still
12071206
// produce A's correct logits, making the MODEL-A epoch-bump non-load-bearing
1208-
// and the F3 gold-standard vacuous. With a different seed, removing the MODEL-A
1207+
// and this gold-standard vacuous. With a different seed, removing the MODEL-A
12091208
// bump makes A's compiled run replay `warm_seed`'s weights and
12101209
// `a_comp_vs_a_eager` blows past PARITY_TOL — which is the regression the
12111210
// MODEL-A bump must defeat.
12121211
let warm_seed = 0x7777_8888_9999_AAAAu64;
12131212

1214-
// F3 soundness: PRE-SEED a compiled closure at the current epoch BEFORE the
1213+
// Soundness: PRE-SEED a compiled closure at the current epoch BEFORE the
12151214
// measured probe so the A-side stale-closure hazard manifests
12161215
// DETERMINISTICALLY. The dedicated `warm_compiled_no_bump` probe registers its
12171216
// own synthetic `warm_seed` weights, then — crucially — performs a SAME-EPOCH
@@ -1223,7 +1222,7 @@ fn compiled_moe_ab_model_swap_recompiles() {
12231222
// well-separated compiled-vs-eager probe). It then clears the weights and, by
12241223
// design, does NOT bump the compile epoch. So the measured A->B probe below
12251224
// re-enters with `warm_seed`'s stale closure cached at this epoch: WITHOUT the
1226-
// MODEL-A `build_model` epoch bump (the F3 production-style fix), MODEL A's
1225+
// MODEL-A `build_model` epoch bump (the production-style fix), MODEL A's
12271226
// compiled run reuses that stale closure, replays `warm_seed`'s frozen
12281227
// constants, and `a_comp_vs_a_eager` blows past PARITY_TOL — i.e. removing the
12291228
// MODEL-A bump makes THIS test fail. WITH the bump, MODEL A is epoch-fresh and

crates/mlx-core/src/models/lfm2/config.rs

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@@ -192,6 +192,34 @@ impl Lfm2Config {
192192
self.num_experts.is_some()
193193
}
194194

195+
/// Resolve the load-time default for `use_block_paged_cache`.
196+
///
197+
/// Policy (pure, no I/O — isolated here for unit testing):
198+
/// * An explicit `Some(_)` from config.json always wins (user/converter
199+
/// pinned the storage backend — never override it).
200+
/// * When the field is absent (`None`) AND the checkpoint is quantized,
201+
/// default to `Some(false)` (flat eager decode). Quantized checkpoints
202+
/// can never register with the compiled-PAGED C++ path
203+
/// (`should_register_compiled` short-circuits on `is_quantized`), so the
204+
/// paged route degenerates to the slow eager-PAGED loop
205+
/// (~12 `synchronize_mlx()`/token, blocking `y.eval()`, no async
206+
/// double-buffering). The flat path uses an in-graph `KVCache` +
207+
/// `async_eval_arrays` (zero per-layer sync) and is ~1.84× faster on the
208+
/// measured mxfp8 LFM2.5-8B-A1B workload.
209+
/// * Otherwise (absent + not quantized, e.g. bf16) leave it `None` so
210+
/// `Lfm2Inner::new`'s `unwrap_or(true)` continues to yield PAGED — which
211+
/// bf16 wants (PR #66 compiled-PAGED ~1.5×).
212+
pub fn resolve_use_block_paged_default(
213+
explicit: Option<bool>,
214+
is_quantized: bool,
215+
) -> Option<bool> {
216+
match explicit {
217+
Some(_) => explicit,
218+
None if is_quantized => Some(false),
219+
None => None,
220+
}
221+
}
222+
195223
/// Whether the layer at `idx` uses a sparse MoE feed-forward block.
196224
///
197225
/// MoE layers are those at or after `num_dense_layers` in a MoE
@@ -431,6 +459,58 @@ mod tests {
431459
assert!(cfg.is_moe_layer(3));
432460
}
433461

462+
/// `resolve_use_block_paged_default` policy: quantized + unset -> flat;
463+
/// bf16 + unset -> left None (so `Lfm2Inner::new`'s unwrap_or(true) yields
464+
/// paged); explicit Some(_) always honored regardless of quant-ness.
465+
#[test]
466+
fn test_resolve_use_block_paged_default_quantized_none_goes_flat() {
467+
// quantized + unset -> flat eager decode.
468+
assert_eq!(
469+
Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(None, true),
470+
Some(false),
471+
"quantized checkpoint with use_block_paged_cache unset must default to flat"
472+
);
473+
// bf16 + unset -> left None so the downstream unwrap_or(true) keeps paged.
474+
assert_eq!(
475+
Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(None, false),
476+
None,
477+
"bf16 checkpoint with use_block_paged_cache unset must stay None (paged via unwrap_or)"
478+
);
479+
// Explicit paged honored even on a quantized checkpoint.
480+
assert_eq!(
481+
Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(Some(true), true),
482+
Some(true),
483+
"explicit use_block_paged_cache:true must win on quantized"
484+
);
485+
assert_eq!(
486+
Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(Some(true), false),
487+
Some(true),
488+
"explicit use_block_paged_cache:true must win on bf16"
489+
);
490+
// Explicit flat honored on both.
491+
assert_eq!(
492+
Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(Some(false), true),
493+
Some(false),
494+
"explicit use_block_paged_cache:false must win on quantized"
495+
);
496+
assert_eq!(
497+
Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(Some(false), false),
498+
Some(false),
499+
"explicit use_block_paged_cache:false must win on bf16"
500+
);
501+
502+
// The resolved values feed Lfm2Inner::new's `unwrap_or(true)`:
503+
// bf16/None -> true (paged); quantized/None -> Some(false) -> false (flat).
504+
assert!(
505+
Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(None, false).unwrap_or(true),
506+
"bf16 None must resolve to paged (true) at the unwrap_or(true) site"
507+
);
508+
assert!(
509+
!Lfm2Config::resolve_use_block_paged_default(None, true).unwrap_or(true),
510+
"quantized None must resolve to flat (false) at the unwrap_or(true) site"
511+
);
512+
}
513+
434514
/// `norm_topk_prob` / `use_expert_bias` round-trip false through serde.
435515
#[test]
436516
fn test_moe_bool_flags_round_trip_false() {

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