diff --git a/src/chapters/5/sections/normal/index.tex b/src/chapters/5/sections/normal/index.tex index f355c40e..05edc575 100644 --- a/src/chapters/5/sections/normal/index.tex +++ b/src/chapters/5/sections/normal/index.tex @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ \section{Normal} +\subsection{problem 22} +\input{problems/22} \subsection{problem 26} \input{problems/26} \subsection{problem 35} diff --git a/src/chapters/5/sections/normal/problems/22.tex b/src/chapters/5/sections/normal/problems/22.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..07086c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/chapters/5/sections/normal/problems/22.tex @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Let $M$ be a random measurement of the distance between the two points. + +From the problem statement, $M = 10 + \epsilon$, where $\epsilon \sim \mathcal{N}(0, 0.04)$. + +By the location-scale transformation, $Z = \epsilon/0.2$ is a standard Normal r.v. +Replacing that into the relation of $M$ + +$$ +M = 10 + 0.2 Z +$$ + +$$ +Z = \frac{M-10}{0.2} +$$ + +\noindent which is the location-scale transformation of $M$. Thus, $M \sim \mathcal{N}(10, 0.04)$. + +The exact answer for the requested probability is given by + +\begin{equation*} +\begin{split} +P( |M-10| < 0.4 ) +&= P(-0.4 < M-10 < 0.4) \\ +&= P(-0.4 < 0.2Z < 0.4) \\ +&= P(-2 < Z < 2) = P(|Z| < 2) \\ +&= \Phi(2) - \Phi(-2) +\end{split} +\end{equation*} + +\noindent +where in the second equality we used the location-scale transformation of $M$, and the $\Phi$ in the last equality is the CDF of the standard Normal distribution. + +By the 68-95-99.7\% rule, the probability for a normal r.v. to be within 2 standard deviations from the mean is approximately 95\%. Using this result, the approximate answer is + +$$ +P( |M-10| < 0.4 ) \approx 0.95 +$$