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The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of USDA Forest Service provide tree-level measurements from a systematic grid of field plots across all forest ownerships and land uses in the US. **FIAstemmap** is an R package for mapping tree stem locations on FIA plots, modeling individual crown dimensions, and generating plot-level estimates of fractional tree canopy cover. Several stand height metrics can be calculated. Spatial analysis of tree point pattern is facilitated for the standard FIA four-point cluster plot design. Efficient data processing supports national applications. The package provides an updated implementation of the software originally described by Toney et al. 2009 [[1]](#References). The original implementation for modeling plot canopy cover from individual tree measurements has supported several applications of FIA data, including:
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* reference data for classifying vegetation types and mapping tree canopy cover in the LANDFIRE Program [[2, 3]](#References)
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* National Land Cover Database (NLCD) Tree Canopy Cover (TCC) science and development [[4]](#References)
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* wildlife habitat analysis [[5]](#References)
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* comparative assessments of tree canopy cover estimation methods [[6, 7]](#References)
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* reference data for classifying vegetation types and mapping tree canopy cover in the LANDFIRE Program [[2, 3, 4, 5]](#References)
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* National Land Cover Database (NLCD) Tree Canopy Cover (TCC) science and development [[6]](#References)
* mapping erosion risk in rangelands [[10]](#References)
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* comparative assessments of tree canopy cover estimation methods [[11, 12]](#References)
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## Installation
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[3] Moore, Annabelle; La Puma, Inga; Dillon, Greg; Smail, Tobin; Schleeweis, Karen; Toney, Chris; Menakis, Jim; Bastian, Henry; Picotte, Josh; Dockter, Daryn; Tolk, Brian. 2024. Twenty years of science and management with LANDFIRE. Connected Science, October 2024. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 2 p. Available: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/68397.
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[4]Toney, Chris; Liknes, Greg; Lister, Andy; Meneguzzo, Dacia. 2012. Assessing alternative measures of tree canopy cover: Photo-interpreted NAIP and ground-based estimates. In: McWilliams, Will; Roesch, Francis A. eds. 2012. _Monitoring Across Borders: 2010 Joint Meeting of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium and the Southern Mensurationists_. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-157. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 209-215. Available: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/41009.
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[4]Vogelmann, Jim & Kost, Jay & Tolk, Brian & Howard, Stephen & Short, Karen & Chen, Xuexia & Huang, Chengquan & Pabst, Kari & Rollins, Matthew. (2011). Monitoring Landscape Change for LANDFIRE Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery and Ancillary Data. _Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, IEEE Journal of_. 4. 252 - 264. 10. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2044478.
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[5]Tavernia, B., Nelson, M., Goerndt, M., Walters, B., & Toney, C. (2013). Changes in forest habitat classes under alternative climate and land-use change scenarios in the northeast and midwest, USA. _Mathematical and Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences_ (MCFNS), **5**:2, 135-150(15). Retrieved from https://www.mcfns.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/MCFNS_165.
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[5] Nelson, K.J., Connot, J., Peterson, B. et al. 2013. The LANDFIRE Refresh Strategy: Updating the National Dataset. _Fire Ecology_, 9, 80–101. https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0902080.
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[6]Riemann, R., Liknes, G., O’Neil-Dunne, J., Toney, C., Lister, T. (2016). Comparative assessment of methods for estimating tree canopy cover across a rural-to-urban gradient in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA. _Environmental Monitoring and Assessment_**188**:297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5281-8.
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[6]Toney, Chris; Liknes, Greg; Lister, Andy; Meneguzzo, Dacia. 2012. Assessing alternative measures of tree canopy cover: Photo-interpreted NAIP and ground-based estimates. In: McWilliams, Will; Roesch, Francis A. eds. 2012. _Monitoring Across Borders: 2010 Joint Meeting of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium and the Southern Mensurationists_. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-157. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 209-215. Available: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/41009.
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[7] Andrew N. Gray, Anne C.S. McIntosh, Steven L. Garman, Michael A. Shettles. 2021. Predicting canopy cover of diverse forest types from individual tree measurements. _Forest Ecology and Management_, Volume 501, 119682, ISSN 0378-1127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119682.
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[7] Tavernia, B., Nelson, M., Goerndt, M., Walters, B., & Toney, C. (2013). Changes in forest habitat classes under alternative climate and land-use change scenarios in the northeast and midwest, USA. _Mathematical and Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences_ (MCFNS), **5**:2, 135-150(15). Retrieved from https://www.mcfns.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/MCFNS_165.
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[8] Rowland, M.M.; Vojta, C.D.; tech. eds. 2013. A technical guide for monitoring wildlife habitat. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-89. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 400 p. Available: https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-89.
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[9] Michael C. McGrann, Bradley Wagner, Matthew Klauer, Kasia Kaphan, Erik Meyer, Brett J. Furnas. 2022. Using an acoustic complexity index to help monitor climate change effects on avian diversity.
[10] McGwire KC, Weltz MA, Nouwakpo S, Spaeth K, Founds M, Cadaret E. 2020. Mapping erosion risk for saline rangelands of the Mancos Shale using the rangeland hydrology erosion model. _Land Degradation & Development_. 31: 2552-2564. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3620.
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[11] Riemann, R., Liknes, G., O'Neil-Dunne, J., Toney, C., Lister, T. (2016). Comparative assessment of methods for estimating tree canopy cover across a rural-to-urban gradient in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA. _Environmental Monitoring and Assessment_**188**:297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5281-8.
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[12] Andrew N. Gray, Anne C.S. McIntosh, Steven L. Garman, Michael A. Shettles. 2021. Predicting canopy cover of diverse forest types from individual tree measurements. _Forest Ecology and Management_, Volume 501, 119682, ISSN 0378-1127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119682.
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