Fix GitHub tests without a network connection

[QuLogic]

The wrapper is supposed to catch connection errors and turn them into xfail, but test_rmdir_not_empty also catches connection errors because they are OSError (which is what it expect, thus the test still fails everything.)

Instead, change the xfail_on_github_rate_limit function to check for networking first, and mark everything xfail directly.

Also, remove the _xfail_on_rate_limit_errors fixture, which is redundant to the above and doesn't work fully because it only applies to the class's direct test methods and not its inherited test methods.

[ap--]

Hi @QuLogic

thank you for your contribution. I can still generate transient errors with your implementation when rerunning the checks over and over. I'll push a quick update to your PR, let me know if that solves the issue for you

[ap--]

I'm merging this to continue with other test refactors. We can open another PR in case it's not sufficient.

Thanks again 🙏

[QuLogic]

No, sorry, this is much worse. Now all tests in the file fail without a network connection instead of just test_rmdir_not_empty.

[ap--]

Sorry to hear. Can you provide some information about your system and a full traceback?

[QuLogic]

I am on the Fedora build system, which has zero network access. The original failure with test_rmdir_not_empty is:

Details

___________________ TestUPathGitHubPath.test_rmdir_not_empty ___________________
self = GitHubPath('data/folder1', protocol='github')
    @property
    def fs(self) -> AbstractFileSystem:
        """The cached fsspec filesystem instance for the path.
    
        This is the underlying fsspec filesystem instance. It's
        instantiated on first filesystem access and cached. Can
        be used to access fsspec-specific functionality not exposed
        by the UPath API.
    
        Examples
        --------
        >>> from upath import UPath
        >>> p = UPath("s3://my-bucket/path/to/file.txt")
        >>> p.fs
        <s3fs.core.S3FileSystem object at 0x...>
        >>> p.fs.get_tags(p.path)
        {'VersionId': 'null', 'ContentLength': 12345, ...}
    
        """
        try:
>           return self._fs_cached
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
E           AttributeError: 'upath.implementations.github.GitHubPath' object has no attribute '_fs_cached'
upath/core.py:298: AttributeError
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
self = <HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443) at 0x7f19593cb9d0>
    def _new_conn(self) -> socket.socket:
        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
    
        :return: New socket connection.
        """
        try:
>           sock = connection.create_connection(
                (self._dns_host, self.port),
                self.timeout,
                source_address=self.source_address,
                socket_options=self.socket_options,
            )
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:204: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:60: in create_connection
    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
host = 'api.github.com', port = 443, family = <AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC: 0>
type = <SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, proto = 0, flags = 0
    def getaddrinfo(host, port, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0):
        """Resolve host and port into list of address info entries.
    
        Translate the host/port argument into a sequence of 5-tuples that contain
        all the necessary arguments for creating a socket connected to that service.
        host is a domain name, a string representation of an IPv4/v6 address or
        None. port is a string service name such as 'http', a numeric port number or
        None. By passing None as the value of host and port, you can pass NULL to
        the underlying C API.
    
        The family, type and proto arguments can be optionally specified in order to
        narrow the list of addresses returned. Passing zero as a value for each of
        these arguments selects the full range of results.
        """
        # We override this function since we want to translate the numeric family
        # and socket type values to enum constants.
        addrlist = []
>       for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags):
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
E       socket.gaierror: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution
/usr/lib64/python3.14/socket.py:983: gaierror
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPSConnectionPool object at 0x7f19599be190>
method = 'GET', url = '/repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data'
body = None
headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.32.5', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, zstd', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
retries = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None)
redirect = False, assert_same_host = False
timeout = Timeout(connect=60, read=60, total=None), pool_timeout = None
release_conn = False, chunked = False, body_pos = None, preload_content = False
decode_content = False, response_kw = {}
parsed_url = Url(scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path='/repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data', query=None, fragment=None)
destination_scheme = None, conn = None, release_this_conn = True
http_tunnel_required = False, err = None, clean_exit = False
    def urlopen(  # type: ignore[override]
        self,
        method: str,
        url: str,
        body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
        headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
        retries: Retry | bool | int | None = None,
        redirect: bool = True,
        assert_same_host: bool = True,
        timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        pool_timeout: int | None = None,
        release_conn: bool | None = None,
        chunked: bool = False,
        body_pos: _TYPE_BODY_POSITION | None = None,
        preload_content: bool = True,
        decode_content: bool = True,
        **response_kw: typing.Any,
    ) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
        """
        Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
        lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
        the raw details.
    
        .. note::
    
           More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method
           such as :meth:`request`.
    
        .. note::
    
           `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
           `preload_content=False` because we want to make
           `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
           breaking backwards compatibility.
    
        :param method:
            HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
    
        :param url:
            The URL to perform the request on.
    
        :param body:
            Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`,
            an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object.
    
        :param headers:
            Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
            If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
            these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
    
        :param retries:
            Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
            :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.
    
            If ``None`` (default) will retry 3 times, see ``Retry.DEFAULT``. Pass a
            :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
            over different types of retries.
            Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
            but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.
    
            If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
            immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
            the redirect response will be returned.
    
        :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.
    
        :param redirect:
            If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
            303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
            will disable redirect, too.
    
        :param assert_same_host:
            If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
            consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can
            use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
    
        :param timeout:
            If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
            request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
    
        :param pool_timeout:
            If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
            block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
            connection is available within the time period.
    
        :param bool preload_content:
            If True, the response's body will be preloaded into memory.
    
        :param bool decode_content:
            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
            'content-encoding' header.
    
        :param release_conn:
            If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
            back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
            you read the entire contents of the response such as when
            `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
            the response's content immediately. You will need to call
            ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
            back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of ``preload_content``
            which defaults to ``True``.
    
        :param bool chunked:
            If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
            encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
            content-length form. Defaults to False.
    
        :param int body_pos:
            Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
            redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
            auto-populate the value when needed.
        """
        parsed_url = parse_url(url)
        destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme
    
        if headers is None:
            headers = self.headers
    
        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
    
        if release_conn is None:
            release_conn = preload_content
    
        # Check host
        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
    
        # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
        if url.startswith("/"):
            url = to_str(_encode_target(url))
        else:
            url = to_str(parsed_url.url)
    
        conn = None
    
        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
        #
        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
        #
        # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651>
        release_this_conn = release_conn
    
        http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel(
            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme
        )
    
        # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We
        # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those
        # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy.
        if not http_tunnel_required:
            headers = headers.copy()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
    
        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
        err = None
    
        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
        clean_exit = False
    
        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)
    
        try:
            # Request a connection from the queue.
            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
    
            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout  # type: ignore[assignment]
    
            # Is this a closed/new connection that requires CONNECT tunnelling?
            if self.proxy is not None and http_tunnel_required and conn.is_closed:
                try:
                    self._prepare_proxy(conn)
                except (BaseSSLError, OSError, SocketTimeout) as e:
                    self._raise_timeout(
                        err=e, url=self.proxy.url, timeout_value=conn.timeout
                    )
                    raise
    
            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
            # mess.
            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
    
            # Make the request on the HTTPConnection object
>           response = self._make_request(
                conn,
                method,
                url,
                timeout=timeout_obj,
                body=body,
                headers=headers,
                chunked=chunked,
                retries=retries,
                response_conn=response_conn,
                preload_content=preload_content,
                decode_content=decode_content,
                **response_kw,
            )
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:787: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:488: in _make_request
    raise new_e
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:464: in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:1093: in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:759: in connect
    self.sock = sock = self._new_conn()
                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
self = <HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443) at 0x7f19593cb9d0>
    def _new_conn(self) -> socket.socket:
        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
    
        :return: New socket connection.
        """
        try:
            sock = connection.create_connection(
                (self._dns_host, self.port),
                self.timeout,
                source_address=self.source_address,
                socket_options=self.socket_options,
            )
        except socket.gaierror as e:
>           raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, e) from e
E           urllib3.exceptions.NameResolutionError: HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:211: NameResolutionError
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f1958ec7d50>
request = <PreparedRequest [GET]>, stream = False
timeout = Timeout(connect=60, read=60, total=None), verify = True, cert = None
proxies = OrderedDict()
    def send(
        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
    ):
        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
    
        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
        :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
            must be a path to a CA bundle to use
        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
        :rtype: requests.Response
        """
    
        try:
            conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context(
                request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert
            )
        except LocationValueError as e:
            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
    
        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
        self.add_headers(
            request,
            stream=stream,
            timeout=timeout,
            verify=verify,
            cert=cert,
            proxies=proxies,
        )
    
        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
    
        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
            try:
                connect, read = timeout
                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
            except ValueError:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
                )
        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
            pass
        else:
            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
    
        try:
>           resp = conn.urlopen(
                method=request.method,
                url=url,
                body=request.body,
                headers=request.headers,
                redirect=False,
                assert_same_host=False,
                preload_content=False,
                decode_content=False,
                retries=self.max_retries,
                timeout=timeout,
                chunked=chunked,
            )
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:644: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:841: in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
self = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None)
method = 'GET', url = '/repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data'
response = None
error = NameResolutionError("HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)")
_pool = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPSConnectionPool object at 0x7f19599be190>
_stacktrace = <traceback object at 0x7f1958d17300>
    def increment(
        self,
        method: str | None = None,
        url: str | None = None,
        response: BaseHTTPResponse | None = None,
        error: Exception | None = None,
        _pool: ConnectionPool | None = None,
        _stacktrace: TracebackType | None = None,
    ) -> Self:
        """Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
    
        :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
            return a response.
        :type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.BaseHTTPResponse`
        :param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
            None if the response was received successfully.
    
        :return: A new ``Retry`` object.
        """
        if self.total is False and error:
            # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
            raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
    
        total = self.total
        if total is not None:
            total -= 1
    
        connect = self.connect
        read = self.read
        redirect = self.redirect
        status_count = self.status
        other = self.other
        cause = "unknown"
        status = None
        redirect_location = None
    
        if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
            # Connect retry?
            if connect is False:
                raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
            elif connect is not None:
                connect -= 1
    
        elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
            # Read retry?
            if read is False or method is None or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
                raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
            elif read is not None:
                read -= 1
    
        elif error:
            # Other retry?
            if other is not None:
                other -= 1
    
        elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
            # Redirect retry?
            if redirect is not None:
                redirect -= 1
            cause = "too many redirects"
            response_redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
            if response_redirect_location:
                redirect_location = response_redirect_location
            status = response.status
    
        else:
            # Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
            # status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
            cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
            if response and response.status:
                if status_count is not None:
                    status_count -= 1
                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
                status = response.status
    
        history = self.history + (
            RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
        )
    
        new_retry = self.new(
            total=total,
            connect=connect,
            read=read,
            redirect=redirect,
            status=status_count,
            other=other,
            history=history,
        )
    
        if new_retry.is_exhausted():
            reason = error or ResponseError(cause)
>           raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
E           urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.github.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data (Caused by NameResolutionError("HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)"))
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py:519: MaxRetryError
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
self = <upath.tests.implementations.test_github.TestUPathGitHubPath object at 0x7f195b3159a0>
    def test_rmdir_not_empty(self):
        p = self.path.joinpath("folder1")
        with pytest.raises(OSError, match="not empty"):
>           p.rmdir(recursive=False)
upath/tests/cases.py:586: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
upath/core.py:1789: in rmdir
    if not self.is_dir():
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
upath/core.py:1460: in is_dir
    return self.fs.isdir(self.path)
           ^^^^^^^
upath/core.py:300: in fs
    fs = self._fs_cached = self._fs_factory(
upath/core.py:400: in _fs_factory
    return fs_cls(**storage_options)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py:84: in __call__
    obj = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs, **strip_tokenize_options)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py:66: in __init__
    self.ls("")
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py:168: in ls
    r = requests.get(
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/api.py:73: in get
    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/api.py:59: in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:589: in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:703: in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f1958ec7d50>
request = <PreparedRequest [GET]>, stream = False
timeout = Timeout(connect=60, read=60, total=None), verify = True, cert = None
proxies = OrderedDict()
    def send(
        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
    ):
        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
    
        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
        :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
            must be a path to a CA bundle to use
        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
        :rtype: requests.Response
        """
    
        try:
            conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context(
                request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert
            )
        except LocationValueError as e:
            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
    
        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
        self.add_headers(
            request,
            stream=stream,
            timeout=timeout,
            verify=verify,
            cert=cert,
            proxies=proxies,
        )
    
        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
    
        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
            try:
                connect, read = timeout
                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
            except ValueError:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
                )
        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
            pass
        else:
            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
    
        try:
            resp = conn.urlopen(
                method=request.method,
                url=url,
                body=request.body,
                headers=request.headers,
                redirect=False,
                assert_same_host=False,
                preload_content=False,
                decode_content=False,
                retries=self.max_retries,
                timeout=timeout,
                chunked=chunked,
            )
    
        except (ProtocolError, OSError) as err:
            raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
    
        except MaxRetryError as e:
            if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError):
                # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811
                if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError):
                    raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError):
                raise RetryError(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError):
                raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):
                # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
    
>           raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
E           requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.github.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data (Caused by NameResolutionError("HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)"))
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:677: ConnectionError
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
self = <upath.tests.implementations.test_github.TestUPathGitHubPath object at 0x7f195b3159a0>
    def test_rmdir_not_empty(self):
        p = self.path.joinpath("folder1")
>       with pytest.raises(OSError, match="not empty"):
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
E       AssertionError: Regex pattern did not match.
E        Regex: 'not empty'
E        Input: 'HTTPSConnectionPool(host=\'api.github.com\', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data (Caused by NameResolutionError("HTTPSConnection(host=\'api.github.com\', port=443): Failed to resolve \'api.github.com\' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)"))'
upath/tests/cases.py:585: AssertionError

And the new failures with this PR as committed are now:

Details

____________________ TestUPathGitHubPath.test_rmdir_no_dir _____________________
self = GitHubPath('data/file1.txt', protocol='github')
    @property
    def fs(self) -> AbstractFileSystem:
        """The cached fsspec filesystem instance for the path.
    
        This is the underlying fsspec filesystem instance. It's
        instantiated on first filesystem access and cached. Can
        be used to access fsspec-specific functionality not exposed
        by the UPath API.
    
        Examples
        --------
        >>> from upath import UPath
        >>> p = UPath("s3://my-bucket/path/to/file.txt")
        >>> p.fs
        <s3fs.core.S3FileSystem object at 0x...>
        >>> p.fs.get_tags(p.path)
        {'VersionId': 'null', 'ContentLength': 12345, ...}
    
        """
        try:
>           return self._fs_cached
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
E           AttributeError: 'upath.implementations.github.GitHubPath' object has no attribute '_fs_cached'
upath/core.py:298: AttributeError
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
self = <HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443) at 0x7f19593ca350>
    def _new_conn(self) -> socket.socket:
        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
    
        :return: New socket connection.
        """
        try:
>           sock = connection.create_connection(
                (self._dns_host, self.port),
                self.timeout,
                source_address=self.source_address,
                socket_options=self.socket_options,
            )
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:204: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:60: in create_connection
    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
host = 'api.github.com', port = 443, family = <AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC: 0>
type = <SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, proto = 0, flags = 0
    def getaddrinfo(host, port, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0):
        """Resolve host and port into list of address info entries.
    
        Translate the host/port argument into a sequence of 5-tuples that contain
        all the necessary arguments for creating a socket connected to that service.
        host is a domain name, a string representation of an IPv4/v6 address or
        None. port is a string service name such as 'http', a numeric port number or
        None. By passing None as the value of host and port, you can pass NULL to
        the underlying C API.
    
        The family, type and proto arguments can be optionally specified in order to
        narrow the list of addresses returned. Passing zero as a value for each of
        these arguments selects the full range of results.
        """
        # We override this function since we want to translate the numeric family
        # and socket type values to enum constants.
        addrlist = []
>       for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags):
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
E       socket.gaierror: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution
/usr/lib64/python3.14/socket.py:983: gaierror
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPSConnectionPool object at 0x7f19599bce90>
method = 'GET', url = '/repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data'
body = None
headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.32.5', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, zstd', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
retries = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None)
redirect = False, assert_same_host = False
timeout = Timeout(connect=60, read=60, total=None), pool_timeout = None
release_conn = False, chunked = False, body_pos = None, preload_content = False
decode_content = False, response_kw = {}
parsed_url = Url(scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path='/repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data', query=None, fragment=None)
destination_scheme = None, conn = None, release_this_conn = True
http_tunnel_required = False, err = None, clean_exit = False
    def urlopen(  # type: ignore[override]
        self,
        method: str,
        url: str,
        body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
        headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
        retries: Retry | bool | int | None = None,
        redirect: bool = True,
        assert_same_host: bool = True,
        timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        pool_timeout: int | None = None,
        release_conn: bool | None = None,
        chunked: bool = False,
        body_pos: _TYPE_BODY_POSITION | None = None,
        preload_content: bool = True,
        decode_content: bool = True,
        **response_kw: typing.Any,
    ) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
        """
        Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
        lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
        the raw details.
    
        .. note::
    
           More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method
           such as :meth:`request`.
    
        .. note::
    
           `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
           `preload_content=False` because we want to make
           `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
           breaking backwards compatibility.
    
        :param method:
            HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
    
        :param url:
            The URL to perform the request on.
    
        :param body:
            Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`,
            an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object.
    
        :param headers:
            Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
            If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
            these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
    
        :param retries:
            Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
            :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.
    
            If ``None`` (default) will retry 3 times, see ``Retry.DEFAULT``. Pass a
            :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
            over different types of retries.
            Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
            but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.
    
            If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
            immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
            the redirect response will be returned.
    
        :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.
    
        :param redirect:
            If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
            303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
            will disable redirect, too.
    
        :param assert_same_host:
            If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
            consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can
            use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
    
        :param timeout:
            If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
            request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
    
        :param pool_timeout:
            If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
            block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
            connection is available within the time period.
    
        :param bool preload_content:
            If True, the response's body will be preloaded into memory.
    
        :param bool decode_content:
            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
            'content-encoding' header.
    
        :param release_conn:
            If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
            back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
            you read the entire contents of the response such as when
            `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
            the response's content immediately. You will need to call
            ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
            back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of ``preload_content``
            which defaults to ``True``.
    
        :param bool chunked:
            If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
            encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
            content-length form. Defaults to False.
    
        :param int body_pos:
            Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
            redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
            auto-populate the value when needed.
        """
        parsed_url = parse_url(url)
        destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme
    
        if headers is None:
            headers = self.headers
    
        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
    
        if release_conn is None:
            release_conn = preload_content
    
        # Check host
        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
    
        # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
        if url.startswith("/"):
            url = to_str(_encode_target(url))
        else:
            url = to_str(parsed_url.url)
    
        conn = None
    
        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
        #
        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
        #
        # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651>
        release_this_conn = release_conn
    
        http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel(
            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme
        )
    
        # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We
        # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those
        # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy.
        if not http_tunnel_required:
            headers = headers.copy()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
    
        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
        err = None
    
        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
        clean_exit = False
    
        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)
    
        try:
            # Request a connection from the queue.
            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
    
            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout  # type: ignore[assignment]
    
            # Is this a closed/new connection that requires CONNECT tunnelling?
            if self.proxy is not None and http_tunnel_required and conn.is_closed:
                try:
                    self._prepare_proxy(conn)
                except (BaseSSLError, OSError, SocketTimeout) as e:
                    self._raise_timeout(
                        err=e, url=self.proxy.url, timeout_value=conn.timeout
                    )
                    raise
    
            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
            # mess.
            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
    
            # Make the request on the HTTPConnection object
>           response = self._make_request(
                conn,
                method,
                url,
                timeout=timeout_obj,
                body=body,
                headers=headers,
                chunked=chunked,
                retries=retries,
                response_conn=response_conn,
                preload_content=preload_content,
                decode_content=decode_content,
                **response_kw,
            )
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:787: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:488: in _make_request
    raise new_e
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:464: in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:1093: in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:759: in connect
    self.sock = sock = self._new_conn()
                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
self = <HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443) at 0x7f19593ca350>
    def _new_conn(self) -> socket.socket:
        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
    
        :return: New socket connection.
        """
        try:
            sock = connection.create_connection(
                (self._dns_host, self.port),
                self.timeout,
                source_address=self.source_address,
                socket_options=self.socket_options,
            )
        except socket.gaierror as e:
>           raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, e) from e
E           urllib3.exceptions.NameResolutionError: HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:211: NameResolutionError
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f195875f250>
request = <PreparedRequest [GET]>, stream = False
timeout = Timeout(connect=60, read=60, total=None), verify = True, cert = None
proxies = OrderedDict()
    def send(
        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
    ):
        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
    
        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
        :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
            must be a path to a CA bundle to use
        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
        :rtype: requests.Response
        """
    
        try:
            conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context(
                request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert
            )
        except LocationValueError as e:
            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
    
        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
        self.add_headers(
            request,
            stream=stream,
            timeout=timeout,
            verify=verify,
            cert=cert,
            proxies=proxies,
        )
    
        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
    
        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
            try:
                connect, read = timeout
                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
            except ValueError:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
                )
        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
            pass
        else:
            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
    
        try:
>           resp = conn.urlopen(
                method=request.method,
                url=url,
                body=request.body,
                headers=request.headers,
                redirect=False,
                assert_same_host=False,
                preload_content=False,
                decode_content=False,
                retries=self.max_retries,
                timeout=timeout,
                chunked=chunked,
            )
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:644: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:841: in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
self = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None)
method = 'GET', url = '/repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data'
response = None
error = NameResolutionError("HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)")
_pool = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPSConnectionPool object at 0x7f19599bce90>
_stacktrace = <traceback object at 0x7f19588940c0>
    def increment(
        self,
        method: str | None = None,
        url: str | None = None,
        response: BaseHTTPResponse | None = None,
        error: Exception | None = None,
        _pool: ConnectionPool | None = None,
        _stacktrace: TracebackType | None = None,
    ) -> Self:
        """Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
    
        :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
            return a response.
        :type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.BaseHTTPResponse`
        :param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
            None if the response was received successfully.
    
        :return: A new ``Retry`` object.
        """
        if self.total is False and error:
            # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
            raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
    
        total = self.total
        if total is not None:
            total -= 1
    
        connect = self.connect
        read = self.read
        redirect = self.redirect
        status_count = self.status
        other = self.other
        cause = "unknown"
        status = None
        redirect_location = None
    
        if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
            # Connect retry?
            if connect is False:
                raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
            elif connect is not None:
                connect -= 1
    
        elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
            # Read retry?
            if read is False or method is None or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
                raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
            elif read is not None:
                read -= 1
    
        elif error:
            # Other retry?
            if other is not None:
                other -= 1
    
        elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
            # Redirect retry?
            if redirect is not None:
                redirect -= 1
            cause = "too many redirects"
            response_redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
            if response_redirect_location:
                redirect_location = response_redirect_location
            status = response.status
    
        else:
            # Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
            # status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
            cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
            if response and response.status:
                if status_count is not None:
                    status_count -= 1
                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
                status = response.status
    
        history = self.history + (
            RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
        )
    
        new_retry = self.new(
            total=total,
            connect=connect,
            read=read,
            redirect=redirect,
            status=status_count,
            other=other,
            history=history,
        )
    
        if new_retry.is_exhausted():
            reason = error or ResponseError(cause)
>           raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
E           urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.github.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data (Caused by NameResolutionError("HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)"))
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py:519: MaxRetryError
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
self = <upath.tests.implementations.test_github.TestUPathGitHubPath object at 0x7f195b315950>
    def test_rmdir_no_dir(self):
        p = self.path.joinpath("file1.txt")
        with pytest.raises(NotADirectoryError):
>           p.rmdir()
upath/tests/cases.py:575: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
upath/core.py:1789: in rmdir
    if not self.is_dir():
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
upath/core.py:1460: in is_dir
    return self.fs.isdir(self.path)
           ^^^^^^^
upath/core.py:300: in fs
    fs = self._fs_cached = self._fs_factory(
upath/core.py:400: in _fs_factory
    return fs_cls(**storage_options)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py:84: in __call__
    obj = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs, **strip_tokenize_options)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py:66: in __init__
    self.ls("")
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py:168: in ls
    r = requests.get(
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/api.py:73: in get
    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/api.py:59: in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:589: in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:703: in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f195875f250>
request = <PreparedRequest [GET]>, stream = False
timeout = Timeout(connect=60, read=60, total=None), verify = True, cert = None
proxies = OrderedDict()
    def send(
        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
    ):
        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
    
        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
        :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
            must be a path to a CA bundle to use
        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
        :rtype: requests.Response
        """
    
        try:
            conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context(
                request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert
            )
        except LocationValueError as e:
            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
    
        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
        self.add_headers(
            request,
            stream=stream,
            timeout=timeout,
            verify=verify,
            cert=cert,
            proxies=proxies,
        )
    
        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
    
        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
            try:
                connect, read = timeout
                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
            except ValueError:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
                )
        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
            pass
        else:
            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
    
        try:
            resp = conn.urlopen(
                method=request.method,
                url=url,
                body=request.body,
                headers=request.headers,
                redirect=False,
                assert_same_host=False,
                preload_content=False,
                decode_content=False,
                retries=self.max_retries,
                timeout=timeout,
                chunked=chunked,
            )
    
        except (ProtocolError, OSError) as err:
            raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
    
        except MaxRetryError as e:
            if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError):
                # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811
                if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError):
                    raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError):
                raise RetryError(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError):
                raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):
                # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
    
>           raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
E           requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.github.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /repos/ap--/universal_pathlib/git/trees/test_data (Caused by NameResolutionError("HTTPSConnection(host='api.github.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'api.github.com' ([Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution)"))
/usr/lib/python3.14/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:677: ConnectionError