dsp48e1_ternary.v

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// TRINITY DSP48E1 WRAPPER — Ternary Acceleration Module
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//
// Xilinx 7-series DSP48E1: 25-bit × 18-bit multiplier with 48-bit accumulator
// Optimized for ternary computing: {-1, 0, +1} × {-1, 0, +1} operations
//
// φ² + 1/φ² = 3
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// DSP48E1 Primitive (Xilinx 7-series)
// 25-bit A input × 18-bit B input → 48-bit P output
// With pre-adder (A+B), pattern detector, and accumulator
(* DSP48E1 = "YES" *)
module DSP48E1_ternary (
    input wire CLK,
    input wire RST,

    // Data inputs
    input wire [29:0] A,      // 30-bit A input (using 25 LSB for multiply)
    input wire [17:0] B,      // 18-bit B input (full width)
    input wire [47:0] C,      // 48-bit C input (for pre-add or accumulator)
    input wire [47:0] D,      // 48-bit D input (for pattern detector)

    // Control inputs
    input wire [4:0] OPMODE,  // Operation mode
    input wire [3:0] ALUMODE, // ALU control mode
    input wire [1:0] INMODE,  // Input pipeline mode

    // Controls
    input wire CARRYIN,       // Carry in
    input wire CEA1, CEA2,    // Clock enables for A
    input wire CEB1, CEB2,    // Clock enables for B
    input wire CEC,           // Clock enable for C
    input wire CED,           // Clock enable for D
    input wire CEP,           // Clock enable for P
    input wire RSTA, RSTB, RSTC, RSTD, RSTP,  // Resets

    // Outputs
    output wire [47:0] P,      // 48-bit product output
    output wire [8:0] CARRYOUT, // Carry out
    output wire [3:0] CARRYCAS, // Cascade carry
    output wire [11:0] MULTSIGN, // Multiplier sign extension
    output wire PATTERNBDETECT, // Pattern detect output
    output wire UNDERFLOW, OVERFLOW  // Overflow indicators
);

    // DSP48E1 primitive instantiation
    DSP48E1 #(
        .ALUMODE_DETECT("ALUMODE"),
        .AUTORESET_PATDET("NO_RESET"),
        .A_INPUT("DIRECT"),
        .B_INPUT("DIRECT"),
        .CARRYIN_SEL("OPMODE5"),
        .CARRYINREG(1),
        .CARRYOUTREG(0),
        .CLK_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .DREG(1),
        .DSP48E1_ONLY(1'b0),
        .IS_ALUMODE_INVERTED(4'b0000),
        .IS_CARRYIN_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_CEA1_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_CEA2_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_CEB1_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_CEB2_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_CEC_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_CED_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_CEP_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_INMODE_INVERTED(2'b00),
        .IS_OPMODE_INVERTED(5'b00000),
        .IS_P_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_RSTA_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_RSTB_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_RSTC_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_RSTD_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .IS_RSTP_INVERTED(1'b0),
        .MASK(48'h3FFFFFFFFFFFF),
        .MREG(1),
        .OPMODESEL(1'b0),
        .PATTERN_DETECT(48'h000000000000),
        .PREG(1),
        .SEL_MASK("MASK"),
        .SEL_PATTERN("PATTERN"),
        .USE_DPORT("TRUE"),
        .USE_MULT("MULTIPLY"),
        .USE_PATTERN_DETECT("NO_PATDET"),
        .USE_SIMD("ONE48")
    ) dsp (
        .A({14'b0, A[24:0]}),  // 30-bit to 25-bit (use LSB)
        .B(B),
        .C(C),
        .D(D),
        .ALUMODE(ALUMODE),
        .CARRYIN(CARRYIN),
        .CARRYOUT(CARRYOUT),
        .CLK(CLK),
        .INMODE(INMODE),
        .OPMODE(OPMODE),
        .P(P),
        .PATTERNBDETECT(PATTERNBDETECT),
        .UNDERFLOW(UNDERFLOW),
        .OVERFLOW(OVERFLOW),
        .CEA1(CEA1),
        .CEA2(CEA2),
        .CEB1(CEB1),
        .CEB2(CEB2),
        .CEC(CEC),
        .CED(CED),
        .CEP(CEP),
        .RSTA(RSTA),
        .RSTB(RSTB),
        .RSTC(RSTC),
        .RSTD(RSTD),
        .RSTP(RSTP),
        .CARRYCASCIN(),
        .CARRYCASCOUT(),
        .MULTSIGNIN(),
        .MULTSIGNOUT()
    );
endmodule

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// TERNARY DSP MULTIPLIER
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// Convert trit {-1, 0, +1} to 2-bit encoding for DSP
// Encoding: 00 = -1, 01 = 0, 10 = +1, 11 = reserved
function [17:0] trit_to_dsp;
    input [1:0] trit;
    begin
        case (trit)
            2'b00: trit_to_dsp = 18'h3FFFF;  // -1 → all 1s (two's complement)
            2'b01: trit_to_dsp = 18'h00000;  // 0
            2'b10: trit_to_dsp = 18'h00001;  // +1
            default: trit_to_dsp = 18'h00000;
        endcase
    end
endfunction

// DSP-accelerated ternary multiplication
// Uses 25x18 DSP multiply for {-1, 0, +1} operations
module ternary_dsp_mult (
    input wire CLK,
    input wire RST,
    input wire valid_in,
    input wire [1:0] trit_a,   // Input trit A
    input wire [1:0] trit_b,   // Input trit B
    output reg [1:0] trit_out, // Output trit
    output reg valid_out
);

    // Convert trits to DSP encoding
    wire [17:0] dsp_a = trit_to_dsp(trit_a);
    wire [17:0] dsp_b = trit_to_dsp(trit_b);

    // DSP multiply result (48-bit)
    wire [47:0] dsp_p;

    // OPMODE for simple multiply: Z*Z + 0 (OPMODE[4:0] = 00000)
    wire [4:0] opmode = 5'b00000;

    // Instantiate DSP48E1
    DSP48E1_ternary dsp (
        .CLK(CLK),
        .RST(RST),
        .A(30'b0),
        .B(dsp_b),
        .C(48'b0),
        .D(48'b0),
        .OPMODE(opmode),
        .ALUMODE(4'b0000),
        .INMODE(2'b00),
        .CARRYIN(1'b0),
        .CEA1(1'b0),
        .CEA2(1'b0),
        .CEB1(valid_in),
        .CEB2(1'b0),
        .CEC(1'b0),
        .CED(1'b0),
        .CEP(1'b1),
        .RSTA(RST),
        .RSTB(RST),
        .RSTC(1'b0),
        .RSTD(1'b0),
        .RSTP(RST),
        .P(dsp_p)
    );

    // Convert DSP result back to trit
    // Check sign bit of result
    always @(posedge CLK) begin
        if (RST) begin
            trit_out <= 2'b01;  // 0
            valid_out <= 1'b0;
        end else begin
            valid_out <= valid_in;
            if (dsp_p[47]) begin  // Negative result → -1
                trit_out <= 2'b00;
            end else if (dsp_p != 0) begin  // Positive → +1
                trit_out <= 2'b10;
            end else begin
                trit_out <= 2'b01;  // Zero
            end
        end
    end

endmodule

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// TERNARY VECTOR-MATRIX MULTIPLY (DSP ACCELERATED)
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// Compute: result = weights × input
// weights: N×M trits {-1, 0, +1}
// input: M int8 values
// Uses DSP48E1 for parallel multiply-accumulate

module ternary_vecmat_dsp #(
    parameter N = 16,  // Vector size
    parameter M = 16   // Input size
)(
    input wire CLK,
    input wire RST,
    input wire valid_in,
    input wire [(N*M)-1:0] trit_weights,  // N×M trits (packed 2-bit)
    input wire [M*8-1:0] int8_input,        // M int8 values
    output reg [31:0] accumulator [N],      // N accumulated results
    output reg valid_out
);

    // Unpack weights (2-bit per trit)
    wire [1:0] weights [N-1:0][M-1:0];
    genvar i, j;
    generate for (i = 0; i < N; i = i + 1) begin : gen_unpack_weights
        generate for (j = 0; j < M; j = j + 1) begin : gen_unpack_weight
            assign weights[i][j] = trit_weights[(i*M + j)*2 +: 2];
        end
    end

    // Unpack int8 input
    wire signed [7:0] input_vals [M-1:0];
    generate for (j = 0; j < M; j = j + 1) begin : gen_unpack_input
        assign input_vals[j] = int8_input[j*8 +: 8];
    end

    // Pipeline stage 1: Sign-extend int8 to 18-bit for DSP B input
    reg signed [17:0] b_ext [M-1:0];
    reg [1:0] a_trit [N-1:0][M-1:0];
    reg valid_s1;

    always @(posedge CLK) begin
        if (RST) begin
            valid_s1 <= 1'b0;
        end else begin
            valid_s1 <= valid_in;
            for (j = 0; j < M; j = j + 1) begin
                b_ext[j] <= {{9{input_vals[j][7]}}, input_vals[j]};  // Sign extend
            end
            for (i = 0; i < N; i = i + 1) begin
                for (j = 0; j < M; j = j + 1) begin
                    a_trit[i][j] <= weights[i][j];
                end
            end
        end
    end

    // Pipeline stage 2: DSP multiply-accumulate (using adder tree)
    reg signed [47:0] mac_partial [N-1:0];
    reg valid_s2;

    // Generate DSP instances for each output element
    generate for (i = 0; i < N; i = i + 1) begin : gen_dsp_row
        reg signed [47:0] sum;
        integer k;

        always @(*) begin
            sum = 0;
            for (k = 0; k < M; k = k + 1) begin
                case (a_trit[i][k])
                    2'b00: sum = sum - {{40{b_ext[k][17]}}, b_ext[k]};  // -1 × x
                    2'b01: ;                                            // 0 × x = 0
                    2'b10: sum = sum + {{40{b_ext[k][17]}}, b_ext[k]};  // +1 × x
                endcase
            end
        end

        always @(posedge CLK) begin
            if (RST) begin
                mac_partial[i] <= 0;
            end else begin
                mac_partial[i] <= sum;
            end
        end
    end

    // Pipeline stage 3: Accumulate
    always @(posedge CLK) begin
        if (RST) begin
            valid_s2 <= 1'b0;
            valid_out <= 1'b0;
            for (i = 0; i < N; i = i + 1) begin
                accumulator[i] <= 0;
            end
        end else begin
            valid_s2 <= valid_s1;
            valid_out <= valid_s2;
            for (i = 0; i < N; i = i + 1) begin
                accumulator[i] <= accumulator[i] + mac_partial[i][31:0];
            end
        end
    end

endmodule