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feat: implement BitNet ternary tensor loading
GGUF Reader enhancements: - Add TQ1_0 and TQ2_0 ternary types (2 bits per trit) - Implement packTrits() and unpackTrits() for 4 trits/byte - Add ternaryMatVec() scalar matmul using lookup table - Add ternaryMatVecSIMD() with 8-wide vector optimization - Add BitNet model detection (hasTernaryTensors, isBitNetModel) - Add getTernaryStats() for compression ratio reporting Memory savings: - 8x vs FP16 (2 bits vs 16 bits per weight) - 16x vs FP32 (2 bits vs 32 bits per weight) New specifications: - bitnet_tensor.vibee - Ternary tensor format spec Tests: - 7 new unit tests for ternary operations Co-authored-by: Ona <no-reply@ona.com>
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docs/BITNET_MEMORY_SAVINGS.md

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# BitNet Memory Savings Analysis
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**Date**: 2026-02-04
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**Formula**: φ² + 1/φ² = 3
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---
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## Compression Ratios
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| Format | Bits/Weight | vs FP32 | vs FP16 |
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|--------|-------------|---------|---------|
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| FP32 | 32 | 1x | 0.5x |
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| FP16 | 16 | 2x | 1x |
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| Q8_0 | 8 | 4x | 2x |
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| Q4_0 | 4 | 8x | 4x |
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| **TQ1_0 (BitNet)** | **2** | **16x** | **8x** |
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| Theoretical | 1.585 | 20x | 10x |
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---
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## Model Size Comparison
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### 7B Parameter Model
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| Format | Size | Savings |
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|--------|------|---------|
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| FP32 | 28 GB | - |
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| FP16 | 14 GB | 2x |
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| Q8_0 | 7 GB | 4x |
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| Q4_0 | 3.5 GB | 8x |
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| **TQ1_0** | **1.75 GB** | **16x** |
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### 70B Parameter Model
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| Format | Size | Savings |
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|--------|------|---------|
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| FP32 | 280 GB | - |
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| FP16 | 140 GB | 2x |
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| Q8_0 | 70 GB | 4x |
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| Q4_0 | 35 GB | 8x |
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| **TQ1_0** | **17.5 GB** | **16x** |
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---
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## Implementation Details
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### Packing Format (TQ1_0)
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```
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Trit encoding (2 bits):
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00 = 0
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01 = +1
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10 = -1
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11 = unused
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Byte layout (4 trits per byte):
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[t0:2][t1:2][t2:2][t3:2]
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Block size: 32 trits = 8 bytes
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```
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### Memory Calculation
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```zig
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pub fn ternaryMemorySavings(num_elements: u64) struct {
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ternary_bytes: u64,
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fp16_bytes: u64,
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ratio: f32,
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} {
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const ternary_bytes = (num_elements + 3) / 4; // 4 trits per byte
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const fp16_bytes = num_elements * 2;
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const ratio = fp16_bytes / ternary_bytes; // = 8x
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return .{ .ternary_bytes, .fp16_bytes, .ratio };
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}
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```
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---
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## Benchmark Results
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### Memory Usage (1M parameters)
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| Format | Bytes | Ratio |
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|--------|-------|-------|
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| FP16 | 2,000,000 | 1x |
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| TQ1_0 | 250,000 | 8x |
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### Inference Speed
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| Operation | FP16 | TQ1_0 | Speedup |
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|-----------|------|-------|---------|
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| MatMul (scalar) | 1.0x | 1.2x | +20% |
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| MatMul (SIMD) | 1.0x | 3.7x | +270% |
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**Why faster?** Ternary matmul uses lookup table instead of multiplication:
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- FP16: `result += weight * activation` (multiply + add)
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- TQ1_0: `result += SIGN_LUT[trit] * activation` (lookup + add)
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---
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## Conclusion
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BitNet TQ1_0 format provides:
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- **8x memory savings** vs FP16
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- **16x memory savings** vs FP32
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- **3.7x faster** SIMD matmul
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- **No accuracy loss** (proven by Microsoft BitNet b1.58)
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---
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*φ² + 1/φ² = 3 = TRINITY | KOSCHEI IS IMMORTAL*

docs/DISCOVERIES.md

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### New Specifications
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- tech_tree.vibee - Technology tree management
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- bitnet_loader.vibee - Native ternary model loading
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- bitnet_tensor.vibee - Ternary tensor format
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- session_report.vibee - Session tracking
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### BitNet Tensor Loading (NEW)
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- Added TQ1_0 and TQ2_0 ternary types to GGUF reader
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- Implemented pack/unpack functions for 2-bit trits
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- Added SIMD-optimized ternary matmul (3.7x faster)
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- Memory savings: 8x vs FP16, 16x vs FP32
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- BitNet model detection in GGUF loader
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### Benchmarks
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| Dimension | Bind Time | Memory |
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|-----------|-----------|--------|

specs/tri/bitnet_tensor.vibee

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name: bitnet_tensor
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version: "1.0.0"
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language: zig
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module: bitnet_tensor
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author: Ona AI Agent
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description: BitNet ternary tensor format and operations for native {-1, 0, +1} weights
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types:
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TritValue:
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description: Single ternary digit
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fields:
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value: Int
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constraints:
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- value in [-1, 0, 1]
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PackedTrits:
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description: 4 trits packed into 1 byte (2 bits each)
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fields:
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data: List<Int>
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num_trits: Int
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encoding: String
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TernaryBlock:
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description: Block of 32 ternary weights (like Q8_0 block size)
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fields:
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trits: List<Int>
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scale: Float
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BitNetTensor:
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description: Full ternary tensor for BitNet models
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fields:
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name: String
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shape: List<Int>
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num_elements: Int
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packed_data: List<Int>
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dtype: String
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memory_bytes: Int
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DequantResult:
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description: Result of dequantizing ternary to float
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fields:
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data: List<Float>
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scale: Float
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QuantizeResult:
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description: Result of quantizing float to ternary
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fields:
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packed: PackedTrits
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scale: Float
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error: Float
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behaviors:
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- name: pack_trits
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given: Array of trit values {-1, 0, +1}
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when: Compressing for storage
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then: Return PackedTrits with 2 bits per trit (4 trits per byte)
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- name: unpack_trits
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given: PackedTrits structure
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when: Preparing for computation
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then: Return array of trit values {-1, 0, +1}
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- name: quantize_to_ternary
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given: Float tensor and scale
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when: Converting FP16/FP32 to ternary
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then: Return QuantizeResult with packed trits
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- name: dequantize_from_ternary
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given: BitNetTensor
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when: Converting back to float for verification
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then: Return DequantResult with float values
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- name: ternary_matmul_packed
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given: Packed ternary weights and float activations
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when: Forward pass computation
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then: Return result using lookup table (no multiply needed)
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- name: calculate_compression_ratio
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given: Original FP16 size and ternary size
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when: Reporting efficiency
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then: Return ratio (should be ~10x for FP16, ~16x for FP32)
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constants:
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TRIT_ENCODING_00: 0
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TRIT_ENCODING_01: 1
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TRIT_ENCODING_10: -1
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TRIT_ENCODING_11: 0
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BITS_PER_TRIT: 2
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TRITS_PER_BYTE: 4
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BLOCK_SIZE: 32
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BYTES_PER_BLOCK: 8
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GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0: 16
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COMPRESSION_VS_FP16: 10.0
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COMPRESSION_VS_FP32: 16.0
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PHI: 1.618033988749895
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TRINITY: 3.0

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