docs(research): add adaptive sacred scaling mathematical analysis

- 450 LOC comprehensive mathematical analysis
- 3 formal proofs (Theorem 1-3)
- Literature comparison with BitNet b1.58, TerEffic
- Ablation study design (5 configurations)
- Expected results: 15-20% faster convergence
- Statistical validation protocol with bootstrap CI
- Related: #415, src/hslm/adaptive_scaling.zig

Author: Antigravity Agent