fix(android): preload NDK integration for CoreCLR

Enable the io.sentry.ndk.preload metadata so that
SentryNdkPreloadProvider installs sentry-native's signal handlers
before .NET/CoreCLR. This ensures the correct handler chain order
(.NET -> sentry-native -> debuggerd) where .NET handles managed
exceptions first, and native crashes chain to sentry-native.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: jpnurmi

integration-test/android.Tests.ps1

@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@ BeforeDiscovery {
 }
 
 $cases = @(
-    @{ configuration = 'Release' }
-    @{ configuration = 'Debug'   }
+    # TODO: uncomment mono tests (#4676)
+    #@{ configuration = 'Release'; runtime = 'mono'    }
+    @{ configuration = 'Release'; runtime = 'coreclr' }
+    #@{ configuration = 'Debug';   runtime = 'mono'    }
+    @{ configuration = 'Debug';   runtime = 'coreclr' }
 )
-Describe 'MAUI app (<dotnet_version>, <configuration>)' -ForEach $cases -Skip:(-not $script:emulator) {
+Describe 'MAUI app (<dotnet_version>, <configuration>, <runtime>)' -ForEach $cases -Skip:(-not $script:emulator) {
     BeforeAll {
         $tfm = "$dotnet_version-android$(GetAndroidTpv $dotnet_version)"
 

src/Sentry/Platforms/Android/SentrySdk.cs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace Sentry;
 public static partial class SentrySdk
 {
     private static AndroidContext AppContext { get; set; } = Application.Context;
+    private static bool IsMonoRuntime => Type.GetType("Mono.RuntimeStructs") != null;
 
     private static void InitSentryAndroidSdk(SentryOptions options)
     {
@@ -64,7 +65,11 @@ private static void InitSentryAndroidSdk(SentryOptions options)
             o.ServerName = options.ServerName;
             o.SessionTrackingIntervalMillis = (long)options.AutoSessionTrackingInterval.TotalMilliseconds;
             o.ShutdownTimeoutMillis = (long)options.ShutdownTimeout.TotalMilliseconds;
-            o.SetNativeHandlerStrategy(JavaSdk.Android.Core.NdkHandlerStrategy.SentryHandlerStrategyDefault);
+            if (!IsMonoRuntime)
+            {
+                // TODO: exclude ChainAtStart when running on CoreCLR (#4676)
+                o.SetNativeHandlerStrategy(JavaSdk.Android.Core.NdkHandlerStrategy.SentryHandlerStrategyDefault);
+            }
 
             if (options.CacheDirectoryPath is { } cacheDirectoryPath)
             {

src/Sentry/buildTransitive/Sentry.targets

@@ -281,6 +281,21 @@
     </ItemGroup>
   </Target>
 
+  <!-- Preload NDK to ensure sentry-native's signal handlers are installed before .NET runtime's.
+       Disabled on Mono until: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/pull/125835 -->
+  <Target Name="SetAndroidNdkPreload"
+          BeforeTargets="GetAssemblyAttributes"
+          Condition="'$(AndroidApplication)' == 'True'
+            and $([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'
+            and '$(UseMonoRuntime)' != 'true'">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <AssemblyAttribute Include="Android.App.MetaData">
+        <_Parameter1>io.sentry.ndk.preload</_Parameter1>
+        <Value>true</Value>
+      </AssemblyAttribute>
+    </ItemGroup>
+  </Target>
+
   <!-- Upload Android ProGuard mapping file to Sentry after the build. -->
   <Target Name="UploadAndroidProGuardMappingFileToSentry" AfterTargets="Build" DependsOnTargets="PrepareSentryCLI"
           Condition="'$(SentryCLI)' != '' and '$(SentryUploadAndroidProGuardMapping)' == 'true' And '$(AndroidProguardMappingFile)' != ''">