diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c2e8119a42..2e43575525 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- Fix potential ANR/deadlock in Session Replay when `checkCanRecord` runs on the replay executor thread ([#5837](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5837))
 - Prevent concurrent PixelCopy access during Session Replay masking and bitmap cleanup ([#5808](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5808))
 - Release `MediaMuxer` when the replay video encoder fails to start to avoid a resource leak ([#5607](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5607))
 
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt
index d9cd15d891..5134ddc03b 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import android.content.Context
 import android.graphics.Bitmap
 import android.graphics.BitmapFactory
 import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Looper
 import android.view.MotionEvent
 import io.sentry.Breadcrumb
 import io.sentry.DataCategory.All
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ public class ReplayIntegration(
       }
       addFrame(bitmap, frameTimeStamp, screen)
     }
-    checkCanRecord()
+    postOnMainThread { checkCanRecord() }
   }
 
   override fun onScreenshotRecorded(screenshot: File, frameTimestamp: Long) {
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ public class ReplayIntegration(
       }
       addFrame(screenshot, frameTimestamp, screen)
     }
-    checkCanRecord()
+    postOnMainThread { checkCanRecord() }
   }
 
   override fun close() {
@@ -444,6 +445,17 @@ public class ReplayIntegration(
     captureStrategy?.onTouchEvent(event)
   }
 
+  // Runs [block] on the main thread. If already there, executes inline; otherwise posts via
+  // the main looper handler. Prevents deadlocks when lifecycle-lock-acquiring code (e.g.
+  // checkCanRecord -> pauseInternal) is called from the replay executor thread.
+  private inline fun postOnMainThread(crossinline block: () -> Unit) {
+    if (Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()) {
+      block()
+    } else {
+      mainLooperHandler.post { block() }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Check if we're offline or rate-limited and pause for session mode to not overflow the envelope
    * cache.
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplaySmokeTest.kt b/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplaySmokeTest.kt
index c26e6be9c4..b84b1b5334 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplaySmokeTest.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplaySmokeTest.kt
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import io.sentry.rrweb.RRWebMetaEvent
 import io.sentry.rrweb.RRWebVideoEvent
 import io.sentry.transport.CurrentDateProvider
 import io.sentry.transport.ICurrentDateProvider
+import io.sentry.transport.RateLimiter
 import java.time.Duration
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ import org.mockito.kotlin.any
 import org.mockito.kotlin.anyOrNull
 import org.mockito.kotlin.check
 import org.mockito.kotlin.doAnswer
+import org.mockito.kotlin.doReturn
 import org.mockito.kotlin.mock
 import org.mockito.kotlin.verify
 import org.mockito.kotlin.whenever
@@ -61,11 +63,17 @@ class ReplaySmokeTest {
   internal class Fixture {
     val options = SentryOptions()
     val scope = Scope(options)
+    val rateLimiter =
+      mock<RateLimiter> {
+        on { isActiveForCategory(any()) }.thenReturn(false)
+      }
     val scopes =
       mock<IScopes> {
         doAnswer { (it.arguments[0] as ScopeCallback).run(scope) }
           .whenever(it)
           .configureScope(any())
+
+        on { rateLimiter }.doReturn(rateLimiter)
       }
 
     private class ImmediateHandler :
@@ -91,7 +99,10 @@ class ReplaySmokeTest {
         mainLooperHandler =
           mock {
             whenever(mock.handler).thenReturn(ImmediateHandler())
-            whenever(mock.post(any())).then { (it.arguments[0] as Runnable).run() }
+            whenever(mock.post(any())).then {
+              (it.arguments[0] as Runnable).run()
+              true
+            }
             whenever(mock.postDelayed(any(), anyLong())).then {
               // have to use another thread here otherwise it will block the test thread
               recordingThread.schedule(