test: add Android emulator test for dotnet signal handling (#1574)

* test: add Android emulator test for dotnet signal handling

Extends the existing dotnet_signal fixture to build as an Android APK
and run on an emulator. The test verifies CHAIN_AT_START signal handling
with Mono:

- Handled managed exception (NRE): no native crash registered
- Unhandled managed exception: Mono aborts, native crash registered
- Native crash (SIGSEGV in libcrash.so): crash envelope produced

The fixture csproj now multi-targets net10.0 and net10.0-android.
Program.cs exposes RunTest() for the Android MainActivity entry point.
Database state is checked directly on-device via adb run-as.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: wrap skipif conditions in bool() to avoid pytest string evaluation

CI sets TEST_X86/ANDROID_API/RUN_ANALYZER to empty strings. Python's
`or` chain returns the last falsy value (empty string ""), which pytest
then tries to compile() as a legacy condition expression, causing
SyntaxError.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* ci: install .NET SDK and Android workload for Android CI jobs

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: only target net10.0-android when ANDROID_HOME is set

Desktop CI runners have .NET 10 but no android workload. MSBuild
validates all TFMs even when building for a specific one, causing
NETSDK1147. Conditionally add the android TFM only when ANDROID_HOME
is present.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: use ANDROID_API instead of ANDROID_HOME for android TFM condition

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* test: print logcat output for Android test diagnostics

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: use sh -c for run-as commands on Android

run-as can't find the `test` binary on older API levels. Use sh -c
with a single quoted command string so shell builtins are available.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* test: include stdout/stderr in dotnet run returncode assertions

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: use am start -W to avoid race in Android test

am start is asynchronous — it returns before the process starts.
The pidof poll could find no process yet and break immediately,
causing assertions to run before sentry_init, and the finally
block's adb uninstall to kill the app mid-startup (deletePackageX).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: exclude Android sources from desktop dotnet build

Microsoft.NET.Sdk (plain) compiles all .cs files regardless of
directory conventions. Exclude Platforms/Android/ when not building
for an Android target framework.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* try arm64-v8a

* try x86_64 on linux

* Test 22-30

* fix: move test logic to OnResume to avoid am start -W hang

OnCreate fires before the activity reports launch completion, so if the
test crashes the app, am start -W blocks indefinitely on older API levels.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* ci: use default emulator target instead of google_apis

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: replace sleeps with retry loops in Android test

Use wait_for() with polling instead of fixed sleeps to handle timing
variations across emulator API levels.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: add timeout to am start -W with logcat dump on failure

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: run test directly on UI thread instead of background thread

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: use DecorView.Post + worker thread for Android test

Post ensures OnResume returns before the test runs (so am start -W
completes). Worker thread avoids Android's main thread uncaught
exception handler killing the process with SIGKILL.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: simplify Android test app and handle am start -W timeout

Move test back to OnResume with worker thread (no DecorView.Post).
Silently handle am start -W timeout since older API levels may not
report activity launch completion before the app exits.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: emulate MAUI abort behavior for unhandled exceptions on Android

Run the test on the main thread via Handler.Post and catch unhandled
managed exceptions with try-catch + abort(), matching how MAUI handles
them. This ensures sentry-native's signal handler captures the crash
across all Android API levels.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: expect no crash for unhandled managed exceptions on Android

Unhandled managed exceptions on Android go through Mono's exit(1), not
a catchable signal. sentry-dotnet handles these at the managed layer
via UnhandledExceptionRaiser, so sentry-native should not register a
crash. Remove the abort() workaround and align expectations with the
desktop test.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* ci: drop broken Android API 22 job

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* ci: switch Android emulator to google_apis, drop API 27

Switch emulator target from default to google_apis to fix stuck
emulator boots on API 23-25. Drop API 27 which has no google_apis
x86_64 system image.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* test: skip Android dotnet signal test on API < 26

Pre-tombstoned Android (API < 26) uses debuggerd which kills the
process before sentry-native's signal handler can run when using
CHAIN_AT_START strategy.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Try macos-15-large again, drop others but 26

* test: clean up dotnet signal test assertions and comments

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* ci: switch Android emulator back to default target

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: use double quotes in run-as shell wrapper to preserve inner quotes

The find command uses single-quoted '*.envelope' glob pattern which
broke when wrapped in single-quoted sh -c.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: jpnurmi

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -191,12 +191,17 @@ jobs:
             MINGW_ASM_MASM_COMPILER: llvm-ml
             MINGW_ASM_MASM_FLAGS: -m64
           - name: Android (API 21, NDK 23)
-            os: macos-15-large
+            os: ubuntu-latest
             ANDROID_API: 21
             ANDROID_NDK: 23.2.8568313
             ANDROID_ARCH: x86_64
+          - name: Android (API 26, NDK 27)
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            ANDROID_API: 26
+            ANDROID_NDK: 27.3.13750724
+            ANDROID_ARCH: x86_64
           - name: Android (API 31, NDK 27)
-            os: macos-15-large
+            os: ubuntu-latest
             ANDROID_API: 31
             ANDROID_NDK: 27.3.13750724
             ANDROID_ARCH: x86_64
@@ -242,12 +247,12 @@ jobs:
           cache: "pip"
 
       - name: Check Linux CC/CXX
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && !matrix.container }}
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && !env['ANDROID_API'] &&!matrix.container }}
         run: |
           [ -n "$CC" ] && [ -n "$CXX" ] || { echo "Ubuntu runner configurations require toolchain selection via CC and CXX" >&2; exit 1; }
 
       - name: Installing Linux Dependencies
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && !env['TEST_X86'] && !matrix.container }}
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && !env['TEST_X86'] && !env['ANDROID_API'] && !matrix.container }}
         run: |
           sudo apt update
           # Install common dependencies
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo make install
 
       - name: Installing Linux 32-bit Dependencies
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && env['TEST_X86'] && !matrix.container }}
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && env['TEST_X86'] && !env['ANDROID_API'] &&!matrix.container }}
         run: |
           sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
           sudo apt update
@@ -357,6 +362,22 @@ jobs:
         with:
           gradle-home-cache-cleanup: true
 
+      - name: Setup .NET for Android
+        if: ${{ env['ANDROID_API'] }}
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: '10.0.x'
+
+      - name: Install .NET Android workload
+        if: ${{ env['ANDROID_API'] }}
+        run: dotnet workload restore tests/fixtures/dotnet_signal/test_dotnet.csproj
+
+      - name: Enable KVM group perms
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && env['ANDROID_API'] }}
+        run: |
+          echo 'KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0666", OPTIONS+="static_node=kvm"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kvm4all.rules
+          sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
+          sudo udevadm trigger --name-match=kvm
 
       - name: Add sentry.native.test hostname
         if: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' }}
@@ -386,7 +407,7 @@ jobs:
           api-level: ${{ env.ANDROID_API }}
           ndk: ${{ env.ANDROID_NDK }}
           arch: ${{ env.ANDROID_ARCH }}
-          target: google_apis
+          target: default
           emulator-boot-timeout: 1200
           script: |
             # Sync emulator clock with host to avoid timestamp assertion failures

tests/fixtures/dotnet_signal/Directory.Build.props

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<!-- Prevent MSBuild from using parent Directory.Build.props -->
+<Project />

tests/fixtures/dotnet_signal/Platforms/Android/MainActivity.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using Android.App;
+using Android.OS;
+
+// Required for "adb shell run-as" to access the app's data directory in Release builds
+[assembly: Application(Debuggable = true)]
+
+namespace dotnet_signal;
+
+[Activity(Name = "dotnet_signal.MainActivity", MainLauncher = true)]
+public class MainActivity : Activity
+{
+    protected override void OnResume()
+    {
+        base.OnResume();
+
+        var arg = Intent?.GetStringExtra("arg");
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(arg))
+        {
+            var databasePath = FilesDir?.AbsolutePath + "/.sentry-native";
+
+            // Post to the message queue so the activity finishes starting
+            // before the crash test runs. Without this, "am start -W" may hang.
+            new Handler(Looper.MainLooper!).Post(() =>
+            {
+                Program.RunTest(new[] { arg }, databasePath);
+                FinishAndRemoveTask();
+                Java.Lang.JavaSystem.Exit(0);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/fixtures/dotnet_signal/Program.cs

@@ -20,10 +20,13 @@ class Program
     [DllImport("sentry", EntryPoint = "sentry_options_set_debug")]
     static extern IntPtr sentry_options_set_debug(IntPtr options, int debug);
 
+    [DllImport("sentry", EntryPoint = "sentry_options_set_database_path")]
+    static extern void sentry_options_set_database_path(IntPtr options, string path);
+
     [DllImport("sentry", EntryPoint = "sentry_init")]
     static extern int sentry_init(IntPtr options);
 
-    static void Main(string[] args)
+    public static void RunTest(string[] args, string? databasePath = null)
     {
         var githubActions = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("GITHUB_ACTIONS") ?? string.Empty;
         if (githubActions == "true") {
@@ -38,10 +41,13 @@ static void Main(string[] args)
         var options = sentry_options_new();
         sentry_options_set_handler_strategy(options, 1);
         sentry_options_set_debug(options, 1);
+        if (databasePath != null)
+        {
+            sentry_options_set_database_path(options, databasePath);
+        }
         sentry_init(options);
 
-        var doNativeCrash = args is ["native-crash"];
-        if (doNativeCrash)
+        if (args.Contains("native-crash"))
         {
             native_crash();
         }
@@ -51,17 +57,24 @@ static void Main(string[] args)
             {
                 Console.WriteLine("dereference a NULL object from managed code");
                 var s = default(string);
-                var c = s.Length;
+                var c = s!.Length;
             }
-            catch (NullReferenceException exception)
+            catch (NullReferenceException)
             {
             }
         }
         else if (args.Contains("unhandled-managed-exception"))
         {
             Console.WriteLine("dereference a NULL object from managed code (unhandled)");
             var s = default(string);
-            var c = s.Length;
+            var c = s!.Length;
         }
     }
+
+#if !ANDROID
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        RunTest(args);
+    }
+#endif
 }

tests/fixtures/dotnet_signal/test_dotnet.csproj

@@ -1,8 +1,23 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFrameworks>net10.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(ANDROID_API)' != ''">$(TargetFrameworks);net10.0-android</TargetFrameworks>
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
   </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="$(TargetFramework.Contains('-android'))">
+    <ApplicationId>io.sentry.ndk.dotnet.signal.test</ApplicationId>
+    <SupportedOSPlatformVersion>21</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
+    <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup Condition="!$(TargetFramework.Contains('-android'))">
+    <Compile Remove="Platforms\Android\**" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup Condition="$(TargetFramework.Contains('-android'))">
+    <AndroidNativeLibrary Include="native\**\*.so" />
+  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

tests/test_build_static.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import sys
 import os
 import pytest
-from .conditions import has_breakpad, has_crashpad, has_native
+from .conditions import has_breakpad, has_crashpad, has_native, is_android
 
 
 def test_static_lib(cmake):
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def test_static_lib(cmake):
     )
 
     # on linux we can use `ldd` to check that we don’t link to `libsentry.so`
-    if sys.platform == "linux":
+    if sys.platform == "linux" and not is_android:
         output = subprocess.check_output("ldd sentry_example", cwd=tmp_path, shell=True)
         assert b"libsentry.so" not in output